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Topic: Octavian Caesar

	Caesar Augustus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Octavian then returned to Rome, while Antony went to Egypt, where he allied himself with Queen Cleopatra, the ex-lover of Julius Caesar and mother of Caesar's infant son Caesarion.
		Antony occupied himself with military campaigns in the east and a romantic affair with Cleopatra; Octavian built a network of allies in Rome, consolidated his power, and spread propaganda implying that Antony was becoming less than Roman because of his preoccupation with Egyptian affairs and traditions.
		Octavian was chosen for the powerful position of consul, the highest executive office of the Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caesar_Augustus (2288 words)

	Antony, Cleopatra, Augustus Overview
		Caesar's assassins claimed to be striking a blow for freedom in the name of the Old Republic; instead of dancing in streets, however, the initial reaction to the news of Caesar's murder was intense uncertainty, particularly among the ruling elite, as everyone waited to see who would make the next move.
		Julius Caesar was officially deified as well (his deified spirit being identified with a comet that appeared in July of 44): this measure reinforced the Triumvirate's claim to represent Caesar's legacy but it strengthened Octavian's hand in particular, since he was now officially the son of a god (divi filius).
		As Caesar's rightful heir and the man who had quelled the threat of the monstrous Cleopatra, he was in a powerful position; more to the point, the proscriptions, the wars in Italy, and the defeat of Sextus Pompeius and Antony had effectively obliterated opposition to Octavian's supremacy.
	www.historyinfilm.com /claudius/overview.htm (5312 words)

	Augustus, University of Saskatchewan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Octavian never was an imposing figure physically, and he owed his military victories largely to the skill of his able lieutenants.
		Octavian saw that his position in Rome was far from secure and withdrew to central Italy, where he began to raise troops on his authority as Caesar's son and heir.
		Octavian once again showed his lack of military experience, suffering a series of humiliating defeats, and, in 38, was forced to meet with Antony in order to ask for reinforcements.
	duke.usask.ca /~porterj/CourseNotes/Octavian.html (5374 words)

	Julius and Octavian Caesar
		Caesar was admitted to the lifelong Senate after being a soldier for a number of years.
		Caesar became the supreme priest, but he wanted to be higher in the Senate, so he joined together with two wealthy Romans, Crassus and Pompey.
		The empire was divided between Octavian and Antony, with Antony in the East, and Octavian in the West.
	www.geocities.com /mizaddy/world/caesar.html (381 words)

	Octavian - Augustus
		Therefore Octavian was forced to distribute Caesar's legacies to the Roman public from whatever funds he was able to raise himself.
		Octavian and Marc Antony, the winners at Philippi, reached a new agreement in October 40 BC in the Treaty of Brundisium.
		Octavian's great achievement was persuading the senate to accept him as head of the Roman state, while leaving the senators room for their political ambitions.
	www.roman-empire.net /emperors/augustus.html (2368 words)

	Augustus Caesar
		Octavian was born on September 23, 63 B.C.E. His great-uncle was Julius Caesar and, therefore, he had many political connections in Rome.
		Later, Octavian was sent to Apollonia, on the coast of Greece, to attempt to finish his education.
		Octavian defeated his foes at the naval battle of Actium and became sole ruler of Rome.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/people/augustus.html (515 words)

	Octavian to Augustus: Images
		Far from removing this problem of self-aggrandizement on coinage, however, Caesar's death left the field open for a wide array of would-be rulers who copied the trend to promote themselves, first among the soldiers who supported their causes (for pay and rewards of booty), secondly among the rest of the populace.
		Octavian had alienated the Senate in his efforts to accomplish his assignment of settling veterans in Northern Italy, and because of his brutual behavior in teh Perusine War against L. Antonius and Fulvia, so at this time only the "people" appreciated him.
		, Gaul: Agrippa emphasizes Octavian's semi-divine status as son of the Deified Julius.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~ekondrat/Octavian3.html (1327 words)

	Augustus. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		When Octavius was a youth, Caesar took a great interest in his education and made him his heir without the boy’s knowledge.
		At Rome, Antony was in control, and Octavian was recognized by Cicero and the senate as a leader against him.
		Octavian, now dominant in Rome, secured the consulship and made an alliance with Antony and Lepidus (d.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/Augustus.html (665 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Augustus
		Octavian had only two reliable tools available to him at this early stage in his career: his name, Caesar, and promises of bounty to the soldiers, and he deployed both with daring and decisiveness when he had to.
		Octavian's holding continuous consulships would be insufficient as a mode of administration in the long term, especially if, as he intended, the old order was to be seen to be restored.
		Agrippa's aedileship and munificence instigated by Octavian: Dio 49.43.1-4; Pliny HN 36.121; Roddaz, 145-57 (aedileship); Suet.
	www.roman-emperors.org /auggie.htm (18000 words)

	Augustus Caesar, 68 B.C. - A.D. 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Augustus Caesar, 68 B.C. Augustus Caesar, 68 B.C. The first Roman emperor, Augustus Caesar (born Gaius Octavius), was the son of Gaius Octavius, senator and praetor, and Atia, Julius Caesar's niece.
		The relationship between Octavian and Antony was a strained one at best -- the situation improved when Antony's wife Fulvia died, and he married Octavia, the sister of Octavian.
		Antony's son by Fulvia, and Caesarion, son of Caesar and Cleopatra, were killed and in 29 B.C., Octavian returned to Rome in triumph and proclaimed universal peace throughout the Roman world.
	www.historyguide.org /ancient/augustus.html (392 words)

	Bible Study - Caesar Augustus
		Octavian, later known as Caesar Augustus, is only mentioned once in The Bible, when he ordered that a census be taken of the Roman world (see Ancient Empires - Rome).
		Octavian, the grand-nephew of Julius Caesar, was born on September 23, 63 B.C. in Rome.
		Caesar Augustus died of an illness at Nola in Campania in 14 A.D. at age 76.
	www.keyway.ca /htm2000/20000503.htm (411 words)

	The Controversy Over Caesar: Who really started the Roman Empire?
		The senators considered Octavian a boy and believed it was they who controlled him, even after he carried out the conditions of Caesar's will ignored by Antony.
		It must be noted, too, that Caesar was a model for Octavian; from Caesar, Octavian knew to keep the Senate, but give them no power and to heed the weaknessess of the Republic (Akinde, "Assassination" 2; Akinde "Epilogue" 2).
		Therefore, since the senators physically handed over their power to him, the necessary conclusion is that the assassins of Caesar relinquished their right to vote; the assassins of Caesar established rule by birth; and the assassins of Caesar founded the tyranny called the Roman Empire.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Rhodes/4989/caesar.html (1206 words)

	Mr. Dowling's Caesar Augustus Page
		Octavian took measures to earn the loyalty of the Roman army.
		Once the soldiers retired, Octavian did not have to be concerned with the army turning on him.
		Further, Octavian knew he could count on the soldiers’ support if he was challenged by the Senate.
	www.mrdowling.com /702-augustus.html (269 words)

	Augustus Caesar and His Role in the Pax Romana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Octavian was able to be a part of the political scene in Rome because he came from a Patrician family who had connections within the Senate of Rome.
		Octavian was born on September 23, 63 BC, to Atia, the niece of Julius Caesar.
		In 48, at the age of fifteen, Octavian, through Caesar's influence, was elected to the priestly college of the pontifices, and in 45, he went to Apollina, in Illyria to round out and complete his education.
	www.uca.edu /divisions/academic/history/cahr/augustus.htm (2726 words)

	Notes on Augustus to destruction of Antony and Cleopatra
		Octavian, later called Augustus, was born in 63 B.C and died in 14 A.D. The mother of his father Gaius Octavius was the daughter of Julius Caesar’s sister, and Gaius had been a strong supporter of Caesar.
		Octavian’s lighter vessels were more maneuverable, though, and could use their rams more effectively than Antony’s ships could.
		Octavian spared their children, all but Caesarion,whom Cleopatra had claimed was the child of Julius Caesar.
	frontpage.montclair.edu /alvaresj/Jeanstuff/Augustusto29.HTML (1199 words)

	Antony, Octavian, Cleopatra
		Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus formed an official three-man government, called the second triumvirate”;; in order to silence opposition and raise money, they carried out bloody proscriptions, executing significant numbers of senators and equestrians, including the great orator Cicero, against whom Antony was particularly vindictive.
		When she realized that Octavian was determined to parade her as his captive in his triumphal parade in Rome, she tricked him into believing that she would do this, and then had an asp smuggled in to her and died of its bite (or perhaps she took poison), along with two of her serving women.
		Octavian formally “handed over” his power to the Senate, which then “voluntarily” gave it back to him in a new legal form, officially declaring him the princeps (leading citizen), instead of dictator, king, or triumvir; he was henceforth called Augustus (“the revered one”).
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/antony.html (1234 words)

	Augustus Caesar: People/Characters of the Bible: Bible Picture Tour
		When Caesar was murdered in the Roman senate house in 44 B.C., Octavian was only 19 years old and faced many groups who wanted to succeed Caesar.
		Antony divorced Octavian's sister (a marriage arranged for political reasons) and married Cleopatra, who was queen of Egypt.
		However, by September 31 B.C., Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra off the coast of Actium (which is off the western coast of modern Greece) leaving Octavian as the undisputed leader of Rome.
	www.mustardseed.net /html/peaugustuscaesar.html (1062 words)

	SparkNotes: The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE): From Republic to Dictatorship: Caesar to Octavian (50--30 BCE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Caesar was liberal with grants of Roman citizenship, bestowing it of Cisalpine Gaul, the provincial urban centers, as well as certain individuals, and elevated other provincial cities to Latin citizen rights status.
		Octavian's grandfather had married a sister of Caesar; Octavian was thus Caesar's grand nephew.
		Caesar was also unusual, in that he combined being a good general with great political and legislative skills, as well as excellent rhetorical capabilities.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/rome3/section1.html (3189 words)

	Royalty.nu - The Roman Empire - Augustus Caesar, Emperor of Rome
		Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra's forces at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and went on to conquer Egypt.
		Within 20 years of Julius Caesar's death, Octavian was the ruler of the Roman empire.
		An up-to-date study of the character and life of Tiberius Caesar, focusing on his struggle to meet the demands of his role.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Rome/Augustus.html (1807 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): The Divine Augustus
		And immediately upon sight of Augustus, who had been sent for by his uncle Caesar to the sacrifice, and was as yet perfectly unknown to most of the company, he affirmed that it was the very boy he had seen in his dream.
		Julius Caesar, in cutting down a wood to make room for his camp near Munda, happened to light upon a palm-tree, and ordered it to be preserved as an omen of victory.
		After the death of Caesar, upon his return from Apollonia, as he was entering the city, on a sudden, in a clear and bright sky, a circle resembling the rainbow surrounded the body of the sun; and, immediately afterwards, the tomb of Julia, Caesar's daughter, was struck by lightning.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/suetonius-augustus.html (17934 words)

	Royalty.nu - History of Egypt - Cleopatra VII, the Last Pharaoh
		It is said that Caesar was bewitched by her charm, and became her lover that very night.
		It was rumored that Caesar intended to pass a law allowing him to marry Cleopatra and make their son his heir.
		Cleopatra was afraid to open the door because of the approach of Octavian's army, but she and her two serving women let down ropes from a window and pulled him up.
	www.royalty.nu /Africa/Egypt/Cleopatra.html (3578 words)

	Augustus Caesar \| First Roman Emperor
		Octavian was a shrewd, brilliant and astute politician.
		In 43 B.C., Octavian, Marcus Antonius (Marc Antony—one of his uncle's top lieutenants) and another Roman General, Marcus Lepidus, formed the second Triumvirate to rule Rome.
		In 40 B.C., Antony married Octavia, Octavian's sister, and later deserted her for Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt.
	www.lucidcafe.com /library/95sep/augustus.html (499 words)

	Octavian to Augustus: Timeline
		Battle of Pharsalus; Caesar victorious; Pompey flees to Egypt where he is murdered.
		January 1: Julius Caesar is proclaimed a god (due to a comet that appeared at games in his honor in 44); Octavian becomes "son of a god", divi filius
		Donations of Alexandria: Antony divides much of Rome's eastern empire among Cleopatra's children (3 of whom are his as well) and declares Octavian a usurper of Caesar's rightful heir, Caesarion, son of Caesar and Cleopatra.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~ekondrat/Octavian2.html (1260 words)

	Caesar Augustus: Background and Images-- virgil.org
		This book is available at a discount from Amazon and, in Europe, from Amazon UK.
		Primary sources, background and images, modern essays and historical fiction on Octavian's adoptive father.
		Lists known family members, includes descendants of Gaius Julius Caesar, to six generations; the ancestors of Augustus and Livia; and the descendants of Augustus and Livia.
	virgil.org /augustus/background.htm (249 words)

	Galaxy Directory: Octavian, Caesar Augustus < Roman < Classics < Authors < Literature < Humanities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Find octavian caesar augustus and more at Lycos Search.
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	einet.net /galaxy/Humanities/Literature/Authors/Classics/Roman/Octavian_2C-Caesar-Augustus (177 words)

	Caesar Augustus -- virgil.org
		Ancient accounts of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
		A companion to the Caesar Augustus pages: primary sources, background and images, modern essays and historical fiction.
		Please send comments to David Wilson-Okamura at david@virgil.org.
	www.virgil.org /augustus (86 words)

	I22471: Caius Augustus Octavius (Octavian) CAESAR (____ - ____)
		I22471: Caius Augustus Octavius (Octavian) CAESAR (____ - ____)
		_Caius Julius Caesar III The PRAETOR ____+
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	www.gbnf.com /genealog2/lucius/html/d0121/I22471.HTM (111 words)

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