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	Malcolm Ball - Steve Reich
		Steve Reich was born in New York in 1936 and spent much of his early childhood travelling from New York to California, the result of parental separation but an experience that later in life was to manifest in some degree in his composition Different Trains.
		It was also in 1970 when Reich journeyed to Ghana to study African drumming with the Ewe tribe and on his return to the U.S. composed Drumming from the autumn of 70 to the autumn of 71.
		Currently, Steve Reich and Beryl Karot are at work on their next collaboration Three Tales which deals with three key subjects which have had or could have extreme consequences on life in the 20th and 21st centuries.
	www.oliviermessiaen.org /malcolmball/reich.htm (1795 words)

	Octet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In general, an octet is a group consisting of eight elements.
		The two best known octets in classical music are probably those by Felix Mendelssohn (which is for a double string quartet) and Franz Schubert (which is for clarinet, bassoon, French horn, violin, viola, cello and double bass).
		Igor Stravinsky also wrote an octet for wind instruments (an unusual grouping of flute, clarinet, two bassoons, two trumpets and two trombones) and Paul Hindemith wrote a lesser known piece for clarinet, bassoon, French horn, violin, two violas, cello and double bass.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Octet (0 words)

	Music: Steve Reich (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reich's "Music for 18 Musicians" (ECM1129, 1978) remains his masterpiece, a 56 minute and 31 second immersion into mesmerizing rhythms that is slow to start but completely engrossing and immensely rich in its ultimate coloration.
		Reich had been asked by conductor Michael Tilson Thomas to write a concerto for orchestra, but Reich argued that he did not "really like the idea of the soloist versus the orchestra (melody and accompaniment) and prefer the interlocking of identical instruments within the whole ensemble (counterpoint)."
		Reich's rhythmic sense is very powerful and while he is not the first to use samplers, he shows what a difference a great artist can make and the piece reverberates long after it is over.
	www.thecityreview.com /reich.htm (0 words)

	Steve Reich, interviewed by Don Shewey in 1980
		Reich's "basic vocabulary" of dominant rhythms, repetition, static forms, slow changes and audible processes is not his alone, though.
		Reich, on the other hand, favors acoustic instruments, especially percussion and mallet instruments (marimba, glockenspiel, xylophone, metallophone), so his music tends to be delicately textured where Glass's is dense.
		Reich returned to New York in 1966 to pursue his own music, but he did take a couple of lessons with an African master drummer who was teaching at Columbia University, and in 1970 he received a travel grant to study drumming with a master drummer of the Ewe tribe in Ghana.
	www.donshewey.com /music_articles/steve_reich.html (1281 words)

	Whitney Museum
		Reich studied drumming at the Institute for African Studies at the University of Ghana in Accra, Balinese Gamelan Semar Pegulingan and Gamelan Gambang at the American Society for Eastern Arts in Seattle and Berkeley, California, as well as traditional forms of cantillation (chanting) of the Hebrew Scriptures in New York and Jerusalem.
		Reich returned to the Whitney in 1978 and again in 1981 as part of the extraordinarily forward-thinking seminal series, Composer’s Showcase, where many of his important works were premiered.
		Reich was awarded the Schuman Prize from Columbia University, the Montgomery Fellowship from Dartmouth College, the Regent’s Lectureship at the University of California at Berkeley, an honorary doctorate from the California Institute of the Arts and was named Composer of the Year by Musical America.
	www.whitney.org /www/exhibition/stevereich.jsp (0 words)

	Steve Reich
		After high school Reich continued his music studies at Cornell University, but chose to pursue his degree in philosophy rather than music, concentrating in particular on the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein.
		Reich's works during his time at Mills were created using the structural principles of serial composition, but with an emphasis on rhythmic rather than melodic content.
		A significant influence on Reich's development of this style was fellow composer Terry Riley, who had been exploring his own repetitive techniques since 1960 as a result of the influence of minimalist pioneer La Monte Young.
	www.nndb.com /people/586/000055421 (799 words)

	Essentials of Music - Composers
		Steve Reich began his career as a percussionist, and his music is marked by an almost overriding interest in rhythm.
		Reich's first works were almost exclusively for percussion, and in them he used both the rhythmic energy and repetitive patterns he found in African music and the concept of gradual change that marks Balinese music.
		Reich utilizes this process of gradual change with live performers, as well as by means of tape manipulations (such as making two tape loops of the same sound, but of slightly different lengths).
	www.essentialsofmusic.com /composer/reich.html (624 words)

	s t e v e r e i c h
		Reich's music had begun to evolve from the harsh minimal tendencies and timbres of Piano Phase and Four Organs.
		An unusually large (at the time for Reich) ensemble of musicians was required to perform this blend of most everything that had influenced Reich up to the time of its composition.
		Rigid structure, rhythmic complexity, spontaneity (in the "breath-counts" of the vocalists), and repetition are all apparent; but the emphasis has changed from the static to the dynamic, from the monotonous to the varied.
	home.earthlink.net /~jkannenberg/reich/bio5.html (385 words)

	ipedia.com: Octet Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In general, an octet is a group consisting of eight elements.
		The two best known octets in classical music are probably those by Felix Mendelssohn (which is for a double string quartet) and Franz Schubert (which is for clarinet, bassoon, French horn, violin, viola, cello and double bass).
		Igor Stravinsky also wrote an octet for wind instruments (an unusual grouping of flute, clarinet, two bassoons, two trumpets and two trombones) and Paul Hindemith wrote a lesser known piece for clarinet, bassoon, French horn, violin, two violas, cello and double bass.
	www.ipedia.com /octet.html (301 words)

	Steve Reich
		Sometimes Reich's music is able to do all of these things at once.
		Yet it is in a much different place than his early tape pieces and other works he did in the early eighties.
		I've heard different things about Reich as a person from having read about him and from people who have seen him speak, and I have to conclude that much of what I gain from Reich has to do with his musical voice much more than his political one.
	www.enter.net /~bwlee/essence/reich.html (382 words)

	Malcolm Ball - Steve Reich
		The reason I have exclaimed 'studied' is that Reich himself has said that he underwent more important studies with the likes of Hall Overton, William Austin and Vincent Persichetti and goes on to say that 'some people that are well known may or may not have a gift for teaching'.
		In 1966 Reich decided he would be a performer of his own music and set about forming a group of musicians to realise this.
		Steve Reich will be 61 in October this year and Nonsuch records have just released a 10 CD boxed set of many key works including new recordings of Music for 18 Musicians and Four Organs.
	members.aol.com /malcmuso/reich.htm (1783 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Music for 18 Musicians: Music: Steve Reich,Ensemble (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reich's 1970's Pulse work is often recalled as repetitive, which it unarguably is, but the artfulness, intricacy and the seamless layering of this beautiful piece is less often noted.
		Reich builds and deconstructs, endlessly moving what turns out to be not merely a work of huge intellect and technical skill but an emotional and complex and hugely satisfying piece of music.
		Reich has preempted techno and ambient music and his influence on modern electronic music cannot be underestimated.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Music-18-Musicians-Steve-Reich/dp/B000026258 (1012 words)

	Steve Reich (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Steve Reich began his career as a percussionist, and his music is marked by an almost overriding interest in rhythm.
		Reich's first works were almost exclusively for percussion, and in them he used both the rhythmic energy and repetitive patterns he found in African music and the concept of gradual change that marks Balinese music.
		Reich utilizes this process of gradual change with live performers, as well as by means of tape manipulations (such as making two tape loops of the same sound, but of slightly different lengths).
	www.wwnorton.com /enjoy/shorter/composers/reich.htm (706 words)

	Steve Reich - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reich's innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns (examples are his early compositions, It's Gonna Rain and Come Out), and the use of processes to create and explore musical concepts (for instance, Pendulum Music and Four Organs).
		Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of political themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage.
		Reich thinks that it will again be with tape, and he also states that he is thinking about Stravinsky's Agon (1957) as a model for the instrumental writing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Steve_Reich (3393 words)

	Classical Net - Basic Repertoire List - Reich
		Reich’s later music is characterized by a considerably faster harmonic rate of change, and by a more diverse (though still strictly diatonic) harmonic language.
		Reich has also recently returned to the voice, as in "Tehillim" (1981), a setting of Psalm texts in Hebrew, "Different Trains" (1988) for string quartet and tape, and in Reich’s hugely successful venture into the theater, "The Cave" (1990-3).
		His strict, tonal melodic style has brought Reich much critical acclaim, even in a general public that often is distrustful of "new music." As such, Reich has, in many ways, led a charge toward establishing the accessible and almost "anti-academic" diatribe of the newest developments in contemporary music.
	www.classical.net /~music/comp.lst/reich.html (860 words)

	Steve Reich: New York Counterpoint
		Reich's latest CD is culled from his 10 CD set Works 1965-1995.
		Originally an ensemble piece for Steve Reich and Musicians, it's performed here by two of its long-time members, pianists Nurit Tilles and Edmund Nielmann, as well as 12 other musicians who play violin, cello, flute, piccolo and clarinet.
		Reich also times the entrances and exits of his players like a good theatre director or choreographer -- no one outstays their welcome.
	www.classical-music-review.org /reviews/Reich.html (502 words)

	math lessons - Octet
		An octet is a group consisting of eight (8) elements, but it has several more specific meanings (usually given by a specific field or application):
		On most computers the smallest unit of memory addressing —or byte— is 8 bits, so the terms "byte" and "octet" are often used interchangeably.
		In chemistry, an atom in a chemical bond often obeys the octet rule based on the stability of 8 electrons in the valence shell.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Octet (338 words)

	Another View of Counterpoint - Steve Reich - Song Listings
		Reich compositions from 1973, 1967, 1985, and 1979 are brought into new focus by the Amadinda Percussion Group, pianists Kinga Szekely and Bela Farago, and their ensemble Group 180.
		It's in an ABCBA form: the head and tail are intense, the B sections somewhat patient in their inquisitive construct or stark drama, the midpoint heavy and deliberate or somewhat spatial.
		Reich has viewed this as a fresh and playful interpretation, filled with good humor and precise teamwork.
	www.mp3.com /albums/435754/summary.html (483 words)

	Octet (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The two best known octets in classical music are probably those by Felix Mendelssohn (which is for a double string quartet) and Franz Schubert (which is for clarinet, bassoon, horn, violins, viola, cello, and double bass).
		Igor Stravinsky also wrote an octet for wind instruments (an unusual grouping of flute, clarinet, two bassoons, two trumpets, and two trombones) and Paul Hindemith wrote a lesser known piece for clarinet, bassoon, horn, violin, two violas, cello, and double bass.
		A "Vocal Octet" is simply a choir of many that sing eight separate parts, for example, an SSAATTBB (1st and 2nd Soprano, 1st and 2nd Alto, 1st and 2nd Tenor, Baritone, and Bass) Choir.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Octet_(music) (207 words)

	AmbientMusicGuide.com - Steve Reich
		Reich is one of the founding fathers of contemporary minimalism: an offshoot of the classical avant-garde that takes repetition as its raison d’être and explores its possibilities over extended compositions.
		Robert Fripp and Brian Eno’s two collaborative albums are perhaps better known examples of this style, but it was Reich and Terry Riley who first pioneered the technique in the 1960’s.
		The Metheny piece is brilliant, with his distinctively warm, soft guitar tones proving ideal for Reich’s tape loop and delay system which stretches out the melodic phrases into deeply trance-inducing clusters of sound.
	www.ambientmusicguide.com /pages/R/reichSteve.php (462 words)

	Steve Reich (1936- ) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this interview, father of minimalist music Steve Reich describes the African drumming and Jewish cantorial singing that contributed to his compositions, which have influenced classical, jazz, and rock music.
		Reich, Steve, 1936- Octet, pianos (2), woodwinds, strings; arr.
		References: Reich, Steve, 1936- Six marimbas Notes: Reich, S. Sextet [SR] p1986: label (Six marimbas) container (an arrangement for marimbas of the composer's Six pianos) Control No.: n 90600551 Heading: Reich, Steve, 1936- Four sections References: Reich, Steve, 1936- 4 sections Notes: His Four sections [SR] p1990.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~MCNEIL/cit/citlcreich.htm (2770 words)

	classical music - andante - steve reich: tehillim and the desert music
		This pack of overgrown students and their conductor, Alan Pierson, have made a delightful recording of two of Steve Reich's most famous works: the performances have more feeling, clarity and atmosphere than even the formidable recordings by Steve Reich and Musicians.
		Most people who have heard Reich's music would characterize it in general as energetic, rhythmically challenging and often exciting — but "emotional" is not a word that would normally come to mind.
		The interlocking string figures at beginning have an almost taunting quality, and shortly afterwards the voices enter with open chords reminiscent of a train whistle; there's a flash of sardonic humor at the beginning of the third movement as one of the xylophones imitates a clock.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=19171 (606 words)

	Steve Reich: Annotated Bibliography
		A comparison between the works written by Reich and Adams in the 1980s reflects a turn from minimalism to postminimalism, "from the systematization of modernism to the eclecticism of postmodernism" (Schwarz).
		Steve Reich's music still features the ideal of process in the background, in spite of the heightened complexity of the surface's music.
		Music as a gradual process is not just an attempt to identify form and content in Steve Reich's music, but a definition of the development of the composer's composition style.
	theory.music.indiana.edu /isaacso/t556/bibliographies/reich.html (840 words)

	Steve Reich : Octet/Music for a Large Ensemble/Violin Phase - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect
		Steve Reich's commercial success had ballooned after his prior release on ECM, Music for 18 Musicians, and this collection of three compositions, two new and one from 1967, was the follow-up.
		The intellectual rigor and breathtaking purity of the music makes one wish, perhaps, that Reich would forego the added ornamentation of his later years.
		Listeners who only came to know Reich through his even more popular works like Different Trains and The Cave owe it to themselves to seek out recordings like this and earlier releases to hear his concept in its clearest and boldest context.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,242190,00.html (389 words)

	steve reich \| composer
		Reich schuf das erste überzeugende neue Video/Musiktheater Stück überhaupt: The Cave (1990-93).
		The theme was to be the rail journeys he had made as a child, and the different trains that were taking other Jewish children at the time to their deaths in Nazi-occupied Europe.
		Accordingly, Reich collected recordings of train sounds (rattlings of wheels and carriages, whistling) and spoken testimony from his governess, a retired porter and holocaust survivors.
	www.lichtensteiger.de /steve_reich.html (1774 words)

	WNYC - Music - Steve Reich @ 70 on WNYC
		Such is Reich's sweeping influence that three of New York’s major cultural centers are joining forces this fall to celebrate his 70th birthday (October 3, 2006): the Brooklyn Academy of Music, Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center.
		Reich, as many WNYC listeners know, has been a frequent guest at the station over the years.
		Reich joined John Schaefer in 1988 as part of WNYC’s American Music Festival, in which he discusses and performs his work.
	www.wnyc.org /music/articles/66792 (686 words)

	Steve Reich - Octet/Music for a Large Ensemble/Violin Phase \| HTZ FM
		Steve Reich's commercial success had ballooned after his prior release on ECM, Music For 18 Musicians, and this collection of three compositions, two new and one from 1967, was the follow-up.
		The intellectual rigor and breathtaking purity of the music makes one wish, perhaps, that Reich would forego the added ornamentation of his later years.
		Listeners who only came to know Reich through his even more popular works like Different Trains and The Cave owe it to themselves to seek out recordings like this and earlier releases to hear his concept in its clearest and boldest context.
	www.htzfm.com /album/247944/review (324 words)

	The Sequenza21 Shop - Steve Reich: Octet; Music for a Large Ensemble; Violin Phase
		Octet and Music for a Large Ensemble are two of my favorite Steve reich works.
		Octet has lots of low winds and piano, giving it a lot of charm and textural warmth.
		Octet was a step forward showing his growing interest in complex melodies, and was certainly another evolution in his writing style.
	astore.amazon.com /sequenza21thecon/detail/B0000261I7 (509 words)

	STEVE REICH, Octet - Music For A Large Ensemble - Violin Phase
		Another classic Steve Reich album, this disc takes three of his pieces - Octet from 1979, Music for a Large Ensemble from 1978 and Violin Phase from 1967.
		In his first major work, the seminal 'It's gonna rain' Reich took two identical tape loops of a preacher babbling about the end of the world and set them running at the same time, allowing them to drift slowly out of phase as the tapes warped slightly from playback.
		The other two pieces were influenced more by Reich's work on his groundbreaking 'Music for 18 Musicians', and take small repeating phrases, gradually building the works up from simple staccato patterns until we end up with a mass of stuttering sound.
	www.boomkat.com /item.cfm?id=22955 (589 words)

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