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Topic: October Crisis

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	October Crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The October Crisis was a series of dramatic events triggered by two terrorist kidnappings in the province of Quebec, Canada, in October 1970, which ultimately resulted in a brief invocation of the War Measures Act by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
		October 13 - Prime Minister Trudeau is interviewed by the CBC in respect of the military presence.
		Chronology of the October Crisis, 1970, and of its aftermath
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/October_Crisis (2029 words)

	Cuban Missile Crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States regarding the Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba.
		The crisis started on October 16, 1962, when U.S. reconnaissance data revealing Soviet nuclear missile installations on the island was shown to U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and ended twelve days later on October 28, 1962, when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the installations would be dismantled.
		The Cuban Missile Crisis spurred the creation of the Hot Line, a direct communications link between Moscow and Washington D.C. The purpose of this undersea line was to have a way the leaders of the two Cold War countries could communicate directly to better solve a crisis like the one in October 1962.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cuban_missile_crisis (3386 words)

	October Crisis
		The October Crisis denotes the kidnapping on 5 October 1970 of James Cross, the British trade commissioner in Montréal, by members of the FRONT DE LIBÉRATION DU QUÉBEC.
		The manifesto, a diatribe against established authority, was read on Radio-Canada, and on October 10 the Québec minister of justice offered safe passage abroad to the kidnappers in return for the liberation of their hostage; but on the same day a second FLQ cell kidnapped the Québec minister of labour and immigration, Pierre LAPORTE.
		On October 15 the Québec government requested the assistance of the Canadian Armed Forces to supplement the local police, and on October 16 the federal government proclaimed the existence of a state of "apprehended insurrection" under the WAR MEASURES ACT.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005880 (489 words)

	The October Crisis
		After several bombing attempts, particularly in 1968 and 1969, the FLQ orchestrated the abduction of British diplomat, James Richard Cross, on October 5, 1970, and of provincial minister, Pierre Laporte, later on October 10.
		During the October Crisis, he was named Chénier cell leader, and was responsible for Pierre Laporte's abduction, which landed him on the list of Canada's 13 most wanted people.
		During the October Crisis, he was abducted by Marc Carbonneau, a member of the FLQ.
	www.histori.ca /peace/page.do;jsessionid=AF7CA5778624D2EFBD2127A2C3664DFA.tomcat1?pageID=342 (1225 words)

	October Crisis
		The October Crisis of 1970 was sparked by the FRONT DE LIBÉRATION DU QUEBEC (FLQ), a group that used violence to try to gain independence for Quebec.
		On October 5, 1970, some members of the FLQ kidnapped James Cross, the British trade commissioner in Montreal.
		On October 16, he invoked the WAR MEASURES ACT to gain emergency powers, and sent troops to Montreal to assist the police.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=J1ARTJ0005880 (321 words)

	October Crisis - Readings - Quebec History
		On October, 5 of that year, British Trade Commissioner, James Cross, was kidnapped by the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) and the government of Quebec was presented with a set of demands in return for his liberation.
		On the night of October 15 and 16, the federal government issued a proclamation that a state of war existed and, on the l6th, on the advice of the government, Parliament adopted the War Measures Act (Public Order Regulation, 1970).
		The issues raised by the October events are many and complex; they strike fundamentally at the heart of our political system and of its ability to effect changes in the face of conflicting values.
	www2.marianopolis.edu /quebechistory/readings/october.htm (918 words)

	TP: The Lessons of October
		The October Crisis began in Montreal, Quebec, on October 5, 1970, when the British Trade Commissioner, James Cross, was kidnapped by the Front de Liberation du Quebec (the Front for the Liberation of Quebec), betterk nown as the FLQ.
		The importance of the October Crisis for the Trudeau government then was not that different to what 9/11 was for the Bush government now: an opportunity to exploit an event to advance a political agenda.
		Trudeau and the October Crisis (geheim 5.10.2005 20:43)
	www.heise.de /tp/r4/artikel/21/21083/1.html (1284 words)

	Reflections on the Referendum Debate and the October Crisis of 1970
		A second basic position was taken by the Parti Quebecois in October 1970, which was that the 23 FLQ prisoners should be released, ignoring that such concessions would only be an invitation to more terror, bombings and kidnappings.
		The Parti Quebecois was not in power, during the October events, but today they face a very important threat, akin to extortion, by the public sector employees, whom it is no secret have generally supported separatism and the Parti Quebecois in return for favours at the negotiating table.
		October 1970 was a terrible period for Quebec, where dificult decisions had to be taken, culminating in the horrible and cruel murder of Pierre Laporte.
	www.mcgill.ca /maritimelaw/history/referendum (780 words)

	October Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In October of 1970, the FLQ took a different terroristic approach by kidnapping important political figures.
		In fact, the October Crisis functioned to partially strengthen feelings of unity than to further the separatist movement, which the FLQ had tried to advocate.
		The reason for this is that many of those who had been in favor of sovereignty felt ashamed to be associated with the same movement as the FLQ, and thus their feelings of secession diminished.
	www.unc.edu /~jgehlbac/October_Crisis.html (416 words)

	The October Crisis
		In October 1970, the terrorist group FLQ kidnapped two public officials, an act that shocked Quebec and much of the nation given the widespread belief that Canada was the 'peaceable kingdom.' Terrorism was something that Canadians read about in newspapers; it was not supposed to occur in Canada, but the FLQ changed all that.
		On 15 October the Quebec government invited the Canadian Armed Forces to Quebec to assist the local police; the following day, the federal government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, proclaimed the War Measures Act, claiming that a state of 'apprehended insurrection' existed in the province of Quebec.
		On 17 October, just one day after the War Measures Act was invoked, the FLQ killed Pierre Laporte and left his body in a car trunk near Montreal.
	www.mta.ca /faculty/arts/canadian_studies/english/about/study_guide/debates/october_crisis.html (661 words)

	CC October
		Crisis response: Companies need to prepare a communications plan that details the chain of command and how they communicate to both their employees and the outside world.
		Following a crisis, businesses need to adequately respond to evacuate large numbers of people and reduce vulnerabilities before they can be exploited to ensure that disruptions are infrequent, minimal in duration, manageable, and cause the least possible damage and loss of life.
		There is nothing like the smoke screen of a nation in crisis to mask a marketing misstep or product failure as an “extraordinary item.” But accounting rule-makers have already announced that companies must include costs related to Hurricane Katrina as part of their continuing operations and not present them as extraordinary items.
	www.anvilpub.com /october_2003.htm (11827 words)

	The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962: A Reading List
		Cuba on the Brink : Castro, the Missile Crisis, and the Soviet Collapse.
		Cambridge Conference on the Cuban Missile Crisis, October 11-12 1987.
		Collision Course : The Cuban Missile Crisis and Coexistence.
	www.jfklibrary.org /jfkl/cmc/cmc_readinglist.html (2879 words)

	Jacques Parizeau Revises the History of the October Crisis
		For example, immediately before the Crisis, Parizeau had properly counselled that the PQ support the adoption of Medicare in Quebec, which almost all the other provinces had put in force, rather than to take the politically easy course of supporting the specialist doctors, which Lévesque wanted to do.
		They added that only Quebec should be involved in the Crisis, as though Ottawa and the rest of Canada did not have a legitimate interest in the threat of Quebec separating through terrorism.
		The October Crisis was a fl moment for the Parti Québécois, because the actions of its leaders had caused the party to lose the support of many of its members and most of the public.
	www.mcgill.ca /maritimelaw/history/parizeau (822 words)

	October Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In October of 1970 that reputation was suddenly interrupted with the events of two separate cells of the FLQ (Fronte Liberation du Quebec).
		On October the 17th the body of Pierre Laporte was located in the trunk of a car - he was murdered in cold blood by the FLQ members.
		Peaceful political processes were adhered to by all and the story is still unfolding, but that cold October in 1970 proved that Canadians of all stripes would not accept murder and terrorism as a tool to change the system.
	www.canadahistory.com /emag/sept2002/mlv1i1octobercrisis.htm (1038 words)

	The Cuban Missile Crisis
		In October 1996, The John F. Kennedy Library released a set of tape recordings documenting the crisis for the period October 18 to 29, 1963.
		October 19: JFK meets with the secretary of defense, Robert McNamara, and the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff before leaving on a scheduled campaign trip to Ohio and Illinois.
		Citing Khrushchev's October 28th letter agreeing to remove "those weapons you describe as offensive," JFK decides that until the Soviets remove the IL-28 nuclear bombers, which the US has classified as "offensive weapons," the quarantine cannot be lifted.
	www.hpol.org /jfk/cuban (7420 words)

	Cuban Missile Crisis
		Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963: Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath -- From the Government Printing Office and Department of State, this volume of FRUS compiles documents relating to Kennedy's Administration and the handling of the Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
		The Cuban missile crisis and its aftermath was the most serious U.S.-Soviet confrontation of the Cold War Although the crisis itself was short, it was so intense that it absorbed the entire attention of President Kennedy and his closest advisers.
		On October 26, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a long rambling letter seemingly proposing that the missile installations would be dismantled and personnel removed in exchange for United States assurances that it or its proxies would not invade Cuba.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/cuba-62.htm (2700 words)

	Purse Lip Square Jaw: Thinking about the October Crisis
		The activities of the FLQ became front-page news across the country in October of 1970, when members of the group kidnapped British trade commissioner James Cross and then Quebec's Liberal Labour and Immigration minister, Pierre Laporte.
		The terrorists demanded publicity for their manifesto, the release of 23 of their comrades, $500,000 in gold bullion, and free passage to Cuba or Algeria.
		And I highly recommend the NFB documentary, Action: The October Crisis of 1970, as well as Octobre, Pierre Falardeau's controversial film portrayal of the events from the perspective of the kidnappers.
	www.purselipsquarejaw.org /2003/04/thinking-about-october-crisis.php (477 words)

	NFB Mediasphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the 1970 October Crisis, Quebec terrorists kidnapped a British diplomat and Quebec cabinet minister.
		While the FLQ didn't become a household word for most Canadians until October of 1970, the group had been active for some time.
		Most Canadians heaved a sigh of relief that the crisis was over rather than questioning Trudeau's decision to invoke the War Measures Act.
	mediasphere.nfb.ca /E/history/content/october_crisis.epl (486 words)

	[INFOCON] Successful Crisis Management - October 2004 Mfg.Trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Businesses should prepare public statements beforehand as it would be very bad to have no comments during a crisis as it will not prevent journalists from writing about the event and turn the event into a PR nightmare.
		There are two things which happen in a crisis: firstly communications break down unless there is good crises communication plan and secondly management, this is from real case history from big disasters, are nowhere to be found.
		Alternatively management become obtrusive because a crisis has two phases: the internal phase which is in-looking into the organisation and attempting to recover that organisation using the business continuity plan.
	www.iwar.org.uk /pipermail/infocon/2004-November/001995.html (1445 words)

	Online NewsHour: Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited-- October 16, 1997
		Thirty-five years later, the Cuban Missile Crisis is viewed as one of the "hottest" moments of the Cold War.
		After a background report by Kwame Holman, Jim Lehrer discusses the significance of these events with the presidential historians and Sergei Khrushchev, the son of the late Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.
		Nikita Khrushchev and John Kennedy both made very bad mistakes that brought about this unnecessary crisis but they were both extremely wise and courageous in ending it just before it was on the verge of going to nuclear war and possibly ending civilization.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/latin_america/july-dec97/cuba_10-16.html (2007 words)

	The Cuban Missile Crisis
		For many of us the Cuban Missile Crisis seems like a legend from the past, yet it has continually baffled historians with every new bit of information declassified and each new memoir or re-examination published.
		Although the October Crisis was the one that brought Cuba closest to the brink of devastation-by way of either a nuclear conflagration or a U.S. invasion-it was one of many crises between Cuba and the United States in the fist years of the Revolution.
		Their name for the crisis thus highlights Cuba's ongoing conflict with the United States, which they argue led to the confrontation over the missiles.
	www.historyofcuba.com /history/Crisis/missiles.htm (515 words)

	14 Days in October: The Cuban Missile Crisis
		Soviet field commanders in Cuba were authorized to use tactical nuclear weapons if invaded by the U.S. The fate of millions literally hinged upon the ability of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khrushchev, to reach a compromise.
		To start, head either to the Crisis Center and read a short summary of the events or go to the Briefing Room for a RealAudio narration and ten minute account of the Crisis.
		The Debriefing Board is a great area for student and teachers from around the world to discuss the Crisis.
	library.thinkquest.org /11046 (757 words)

	Cuban Missile Crisis: Introductory Essay
		The crisis began on October 14, when photographs taken during a reconnaissance flight over Cuba by a U.S. U-2 spy plane revealed that the Soviet Union--America's Cold War adversary--had secretly started building bases for medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) on the island, located less than 90 miles from the U.S. coast.
		The crisis and the White House response remained secret until October 22, when President Kennedy, in a nationally televised address, informed the American people about the missiles and announced the quarantine of Cuba.
		In an October 27 letter to the Soviet Premier, President Kennedy deliberately ignored Khrushchev's second letter and accepted the terms outlined in his first--removing the missiles in exchange for lifting the blockade and issuing a noninvasion pledge.
	future.state.gov /educators/lessons/cuba/43440.htm (919 words)

	October crisis
		Sliding into October's spot on the 40-man roster is fullback Wendell Davis, who has been a healthy scratch the past three weeks.
		October fumbled away one punt that the Renegades parlayed into a touchdown and managed a mere nine yards on four other punt returns.
		October and Avery handled the lion's share of the work on kickoff returns, with cameos by Vaughn, Tucker and Davis.
	www.canoe.ca /Slam021013/cfl_edm1-sun.html (753 words)

	Online NewsHour: Global Crisis-- October 9, 1998
		MICHEL CAMDESSUS, Director, International Monetary Fund: It is clear that we face a systemic crisis, that you will determine to maintain a sense of perspective recognizing that the global economy has brought enormous benefits and that this crisis, if properly addressed, could be seen in a longer-term perspective as just a temporary setback.
		PHIL PONCE: But the crisis has brought renewed criticism of the IMF, and questions about its response to the problems in individual nations that continue to flounder after receiving bailout aid.
		Japan, which is the single most serious crisis in the world, is passing new legislation through their parliament to get their banking system in order, start stimulating their economy.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/economy/july-dec98/global_crisis_10-9.html (2467 words)

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