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	BlueOregon: An Octopus Card For Portland?
		When you board a bus, for example, you wave your Octopus card on the way in and it records where you are; when you exit, it assesses a fare based on the distance you traveled.
		There are 14 million cards in circulation and 9.9 million daily transactions; 95% of the population uses one; 420 service providers accept them as payment; and they generate $3.6 billion a year in transactions.
		The Octopus card was just one factor; it made it easy to ride all kinds of transportation - buses, trams, subways, ferries - without fumbling for change or having to learn a variety of fare and zone systems.
	www.blueoregon.com /2006/11/an_octopus_card.html (6245 words)

	Octopus card - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Octopus cards are highly popular with tourists (including day-travellers from Shenzhen and the rest of Mainland China), which explains how there are twice as many Octopus cards in circulation as there are people living in Hong Kong (although some people own more than one card).
		Octopus uses a nonstandard system for RFID instead of the ISO 14443 standards, since there were no standards in the nascent industry during its development in 1997.
		Octopus is specifically designed so that card transactions are relayed for clearing on a store and forward basis, without any requirement for reader units to have realtime round-trip communications with a central database or computer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Octopus_card (4304 words)

	Citybus - Octopus Card
		So when smart card technology was sufficiently developed, most of the major transport operators in Hong Kong formed a company to co-ordinate the design and purchase of a smart card ticketing system which would be used by all operators.
		You simply "beep" your Octopus card on a reader and the correct amount will be deduced from your card automatically.
		All Citybus buses are equipped with Octopus equipment and customers can now use their Octopus card for fare payment on all routes.
	www.citybus.com.hk /eng/RouSer/Octopus/oct_intro.htm (200 words)

	Computer Security Papers: Contactless Payment and the Retail Point of Sale: Applications, Technologies and Transaction ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Consumers tap their payment cards on a specially equipped merchant terminal (or wave them at the terminal) that then transmits the payment details wirelessly, The new solution is targeted for traditional cash-only environments where speed is essential, such as quick service restaurants, gas stations, convenience stores, and movie theaters.
		Retailers in cities that are implementing contactless smart cards for transit payment could consider teaming with their local transit authority to offer contactless payment and take advantage of the broad issuance of cards to local consumers (though the harmonization of application requirements and impact on business cases need to be thoroughly considered).
		The card and application must be able to prevent incomplete transactions and corruption of card files by early removal of the card from the communications field.
	www.itsecurity.com /archive/papers/sca1.htm (12109 words)

	ERG GROUP - Transit - Projects (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The system known as "Octopus" was launched in 1997 with the issuing of the first 250,000 cards.
		Octopus cards are recognised by readers within half a second – the cards need not even be removed from a person's wallet or purse.
		Some cardholders have elected to personalise their cards with a photograph and are thereby able to subscribe to a service which automatically transfers HK$250 from their bank account or credit card account to their card when the balance reaches zero.
	www.erggroup.com /transit/projects/hongkong.htm (895 words)

	Card Technology - Octopus Failed To Credit Some Customers’ Cards
		Octopus Cards in February announced the Hong Kong Monetary Authority had appointed a special advisor to look into the matter.
		Octopus cards can be used both for paying fares and making retail purchases at shops that accept the cards.
		An Octopus executive blamed the mistake on a defect in the electronic-funds transfer module in machines customers use to add value to their cards, according to reports.
	www.cardtechnology.com /article.html?id=20070822JUMWZTMM (225 words)

	Payments News: Octopus Has Legs - February 19, 2004
		About 1% to 2% of all cash transactions in the city are made with the card, says Octopus Card Ltd., a joint venture of the transit agencies that operates the card.
		Octopus is a stored-value card and behaves like a debit card.
		Money is subtracted when the card is held over a reading device, which is a low-range radio transmitter that can be incorporated into doors, turnstiles and countertops.
	www.paymentsnews.com /2004/02/octopus_has_leg.html (238 words)

	Hong Kong's Octopus Card
		Hong Kong's embrace of the Octopus card, which requires an up-front deposit of HK$50 (US$6.41), results from a confluence of factors unique to the city.
		The elegance of the Octopus card is its simplicity.
		Card value can be replenished several ways, and every transaction is settled by the end of the day.
	www.geocities.com /hal9000report/hal56.html (705 words)

	Tradelink-eBiz : e-Post - Our winning card
		In 1984, the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) adopted the same magnetic card, which was further developed to allow passengers on both railways to pay for their journeys with a single card that had a stored monetary value and could be used for multiple trips.
		Embedding them on an Octopus allows customers to basically carry hundreds of VIP or loyalty cards, making them easier for merchants to track the usage, at the same freeing customers of bulging wallets,” Mr Tai predicts that this is a new area Octopus can excel.
		The humble Octopus Card is a true world leader, an innovation in business and technology that sets a great example for all Hong Kong entrepreneurs to follow.
	www.tradelink-ebiz.com /english/331n08or3m9a51l/newscast/ss_0412a.html (1425 words)

	Vision Engineer - Octopus Card - Multipurpose Smart Card (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Octopus is an electronic ticketing system that makes travelling in Hong Kong simple and convenient.
		Moreover, Octopus card can also be used on most public payphones, vending machines and photo booths in transport premises.
		Octopus is a successful example of applying chip or smart card technology to everyday life and make life more convenient.
	www.visionengineer.com /tech/octopus.php (418 words)

	Who We Are
		For instance, card spending is low, compared to both total retail spending and disposable income, and credit cards currently make up only four percent of the total number of payment cards issued in China.
		But the Octopus Card has now evolved into a stored-value card that can be used to buy a newspaper or a coffee at your local convenience store.
		The Octopus Card had one major advantage at the start: it already had a well-established cardholder base–one of the greatest challenges any payment platform faces is getting people on board.
	www.marketplatforms.com /lo_qa.cfm (980 words)

	Visa Wave vs. Octopus - SkyscraperCity
		The cards can now be used to pay for a wide range of goods and services across the city and the company bills its smart card as the world's most successful.
		As well as being a fully fledged credit card, Visa Wave can work in the same way as Octopus cards, with consumers not having to sign or type in a PIN for their transactions.
		Octopus Cards Limited said yesterday it had held talks with transport operators about extending the scheme to their commuters, but admitted it would not be possible in the near future.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /showthread.php?t=276953 (1333 words)

	Card Technology - Closing the Gap: Will Banks and Transit Create a Common Contactless Card?
		The Octopus e-purse is being used as a rough model by Transport for London as it adds an electronic purse to Oyster contactless transit cards, a TfL spokesperson says.
		He could not say exactly how much the actual card, its delivery and management now cost except that it is no less than "several euros." At this stage, it is hard to say whether a transit operator would see savings if a bank issued that transit card.
		More talking between card issuers and banks is sure to come in 2006, especially if contactless payments prove popular among consumers, and transit agencies can successfully introduce smart fare cards that work across entire regions or nations.
	www.cardtechnology.com /article.html?id=20060201YY60X7EZ (2743 words)

	CFO Asia -- October 2001 -- Cover Story -- The Future of Money
		She sees smart cards not as a mere convenience or added liquidity, but as a method of unifying, controlling and growing a company in a low-margin, multi-market business.
		Multi-application cards have now been developed that are capable of several functions, including storing monetary value, keeping and updating personal information about the cardholder and his and her accounting relationship with the card and the application issuer.
		Contactless cards radio transfer data and have a maximum range of 10 centimeters between the card and the card reader.
	www.cfoasia.com /archives/200110-01.htm (3163 words)

	Octopus extending tentacles outside of Hong Kong : SecureID News
		In 2003, Octopus successfully exported its technology and experience to The Netherlands to provide the clearinghouse system software and “operational expertise to the Dutch party to implement a nationwide automatic fare collection system,” says Prudence Chan, chief executive officer of Octopus Cards Limited, the managing organization owned by the major transport operators in Hong Kong.
		The Octopus card was originally conceived and created by the major public transportation companies in Hong Kong seeking a means to provide a cost-effective way of paying for fares on buses, rail or ferries.
		The “On-loan Octopus” is a card the company lends to a customer who needs to pay a refundable deposit that covers the card cost and any possible negative value the customer might incur.
	www.secureidnews.com /library/2008/05/12/octopus-extending-tentacles-outside-of-hong-kong (1912 words)

	Octopus Rewards: Terms and Conditions
		Octopus Rewards Limited has the sole and absolute discretion to reject your registration as a Member.
		You understand that by being a Member of Octopus Rewards Limited you will not be entitled to the lost Octopus service provided by Octopus Cards Limited under the Conditions of Issue of Octopus.
		In the event that your Membership Octopus is not used for a specified period (currently, 1,000 days), we will, for your own and our protection, deem your Membership Octopus to be no longer in use, and we will deactivate your Membership Octopus.
	www.octopusrewards.com.hk /global/en/conditions.jsp (2227 words)

	IDIGMONEY.COM: A Site Dedicated To The Love Of Cybercash
		The Octopus card is a rechargeable contactless stored value smart card used for electronic payment in on-line or off-line systems in Hong Kong.
		After Octopus Card Limited receives money for deposit from users, the money is deposited into banks, which is similar to debit-card issuing banks redepositing money at central banks.
		Debit cards and online bill payments allow for the immediate transfer of funds from an individual's personal account to a businesses account, without any actual paper transfer of money.
	www.idigmoney.com /ecurrency.html (930 words)

	How To Play Chomp Card Game @ EducationalLearningGames.com
		She can't chomp the Shark card because it's higher than the Seal on the food chain, so the Shark card player puts his card in his discard pile.
		The first to slap the lowest card and shout "Chomp!" gets any cards from the current round she is allowed to chomp as well as all the cards from the Octopus Ink Out round.
		If an Octopus card is turned up, each player turns over the next card in her school; the player with card that's higher on the food chain takes all the cards.
	www.educationallearninggames.com /how-to-play-chomp-card-game-rules.asp (1047 words)

	The new rival to Octopus Card--the Hang Seng enJoy Card - CNET Asia Blogs: HK Tech Phooey by Victor Cheung, Hong Kong ...
		This new card system is to rival the Octopus Card (cash prepaid card system), which has been dominating Hong Kong's contactless smart card segment since its launch.
		Amongst the first competitors to the Octopus Card were the Visa Cash introduced by the Bank of China (Bank of East Asia subsequently joined the program as well) and the Mondex wallet from the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank (HSBC) and subsequently the Hang Seng Bank as well.
		Octopus is such an ingrained part of our lives now that it seems a tad bit much to have a competitor.
	asia.cnet.com /blogs/hktechphooey/post.htm?id=63001640 (1056 words)

	LCQ4 : Octopus card has a maximum reserved value of $35
		The $50 deposit charged by OCL covers the card cost of $30 which is paid upfront to the card supplier and $20 as part of the permitted negative value.
		Since the cost of an Octopus card plus its maximum permitted negative value amount to $65, OCL is in fact carrying a $15 credit risk per card.
		As such, the deposit amount and the arrangement of allowing Octopus cards to incur a negative value only once are commercial decisions of OCL taking into account its mode of operation, commercial risks and users' needs.
	www.info.gov.hk /gia/general/200305/21/0521207.htm (660 words)

	ERG GROUP - Shareholder Information - Media Releases - Details (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The implementation of the Octopus card in 1997 enabled Light Rail to replace a rather rigid zonal fare structure with a flexible moving zone fare structure which charges by the distance travelled and the number of trips.
		Passengers travelling on the existing Light Rail network commonly use the Octopus card to pay for their travel enabling them to move between the various modes of transport using a single contactless smart card.
		Octopus cards are recognised by readers within 300 milliseconds — the cards need not even be removed from a person's wallet or purse!
	www.erggroup.com /news/mediarel/mediadisplay.cfm?MediaRelease=150 (911 words)

	Riding the Hong Kong Octopus: ThingsAsian
		The Octopus Card was originally designed for the Mass Transit Railway, the city's extensive subway system that virtually everyone refers to as the MTR.
		An Octopus Card spares you from having to perform a surfer-like balancing act as your bus careens around corners with you still standing at the front, desperately counting out your coins.
		The Octopus Card is essentially a form of cash, so if you drop your card on the sidewalk somebody else will pick it up and use it to ride out to Shek O or Lo Wu.
	www.thingsasian.com /stories-photos/2582 (1722 words)

	DigiFinancials.com :: An Exploration of Digital Money
		After Octopus Card Limited receives money for deposit from users, the money is deposited into banks, which is similar to debit-card-issuing banks redepositing money at central banks.
		This system has the advantage of greater privacy if a card provider is located offshore, and greater security since the client can never be debited more than the value on the prepaid card.
		Also debit cards are useful for people who do not have a bank account or are living in countries which do not authorize international money transfers.
	www.digifinancials.com (1134 words)

	Micah's Weblog (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Already, some 30,000-40,000 cards are used as main door access devices for residents of the housing estates where many Hong Kongers live." [Yahoo News, via Slashdot]
		I agree with Jakob Nielsen that we just haven't figured out how to implement micropayments on the web yet, but cell phone wallets and electronic cash cards make a lot of sense in today's world, too.
		Sure, I'll lose my card a couple of times, I have concerns about privacy, and there are whole segments of the population that, for various reasons, can't pre-pay a balance, but for a large demographic, this would be a godsend.
	www.alpern.org /weblog/categories/mCommerce/2002/06/11.html (503 words)

	Octopus Card - Hong Kong Transportation - VirtualTourist.com
		Octopus Card is actually very similar to a debit card, where you enter value at an authorized retailer or a transit station, & then every time you use it, the amount of the cost will be deducted from the card's value.
		Octopus cards are available at customer service centres or ticket offices in the MTR, KCR and Ferry Piers.
		Octopus can be used for public transportation including MTR (subway), train, bus, green color mini bus, tram, ferry, car parks, supermarkets, convenient stores, vending machines, photobooths, pay phones, etc. You won't need to buy individual tickets for different modes of transport or carry coins.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Asia/Hong_Kong/Transportation-Hong_Kong-Octopus_Card-BR-1.html (1749 words)

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