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Topic: Ocular manifestation of systemic disease

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	Current Concepts in Veterinary Ophthalmology; Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Small Animals, by Dr. D. ...
		Early in the disease, the conjunctiva is chemotic, glistening, and grayish-pink, and the ocular discharge is serous.
		Ocular manifestations of hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroidism, neoplasia, renal failure, and hypoadrenocorticism may be associated with white, perilimbal calcium crystals on the conjunctiva, corneal degeneration, and cataracts.
		The nasolacrimal system is comprised of secretory and drainage apparatuses.
	www.malamutehealth.org /articles/eye_manifest.htm (3351 words)

	Systemic Disease (Feb.1997)
		Systemically, it may affect any cartilage structure, but also may have severe cardiovascular involvement of aortitis, vasculitis, valvular insufficiency, and aneurysms in approximately 30% of the affected patients.(5) In the head and neck region, the cartilaginous structures of the ear and nose are commonly involved, with deformities related to tissue destruction (i.e.
		In primary systemic amyloidosis, the areas generally affected are the heart, tongue, and gastrointestinal tract, while in secondary systemic amyloidosis, there is an underlying chronic inflammatory disease such as tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis and the tissues usually involved are the spleen, adrenals, liver, and kidneys.
		This is an autoimmune disease that is manifest as systemic necrotizing granulomas and vasculitis with a predilection for the upper and lower respiratory tracts and renal system.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/systemic.htm (6330 words)

	Comparative Ophthalmology Notes: Chapter 15 - Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		One way to understand ocular manifestations of systemic disease is to think about what the disease is doing elsewhere in the body, rather than trying to memorize the specific ocular signs.
		The ocular lesions usually are seen in the non-effusive form of the disease rather than in the effusive form.
		Endophthalmitis is the principal ocular abnormality produced by this parasite.
	www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /courses/vet_eyes/conotes/con_chapter_15.html (1539 words)

	Ocular manifestations of autoimmune disease - Cover Article American Family Physician - Find Articles
		Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye syndrome, is the most common ocular manifestation of RA and has a reported prevalence of 15 to 25 percent.
		The importance of correctly diagnosing and distinguishing between scleritis and episcleritis is based on the potential ocular and systemic complications associated with scleritis.
		Corneal disease in patients with RA can be an isolated complication, but it is most commonly associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca or a form of anterior scleritis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_6_66/ai_92233648 (917 words)

	Ocular Manifestations of Autoimmune Disease - September 15, 2002 - American Family Physician
		The primary ocular manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome is keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
		Ocular disease may occur in 50 percent of patients with giant cell arteritis and is commonly present in patients who are still without systemic signs or symptoms.
		Systemic corticosteroid therapy or radiotherapy is reserved for more severe cases, and surgical decompression of the orbit or tarsorrhaphy may be required in patients with sudden visual loss or extensive corneal damage, respectively.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20020915/991.html (3189 words)

	Waltham - OSU Symposium
		Systemic antiinflammatories are also used in non-specific therapy of uveitis. They are inciated if the posterior uvea (retina and choroid) is involved, if there is a corneal ulcer that precludes the use of topical corticosteroids, or if the anterior uveitis fails to respond adequately to topical therapy.
		Ocular findings include icterus and petechia of the sclera and conjunctiva, nonspecific conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is a result of both direct bacterial infection and hypersensitivity reaction.
		Ocular abnormalities are more common in the chronic form and include anterior uveitis (with and without hyphema), conjunctivitis, corneal edema, conjunctival and/or scleral petechiation, diffuse retinitis and/or vasculitis, papilledema, retinal detachment, optic neuritis and photophobia. The most common histologic finding is mononuclear cell infiltrate of the uveal tract.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00526.htm (1874 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Behcet’s disease is a systemic inflammatory vascular disorder characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, eye lesion, arthritis and skin lesions.
		Behcet’s disease is a systemic inflammatory vascular disorder characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis arthritis and skin lesions.
		Later the possibility of Behcet’s disease was considered in view of the oral ulceration, typical skin (vesicles, pustules and pyoderma gangrenosum) and eye lesions, genital ulceration and positive pathergy skin test fulfilling the recommended diagnostic criteria(1).
	www.indianpediatrics.net /sep2005/sep-942-945.htm (1238 words)

	Immunology and Uveitis Service \| Patient Information \| Articles for Patients
		A number of autoimmune diseases exist in which the eye or various parts of the eye may be attacked by the white blood cells.
		Often the autoimmune disease is systemic, i.e., a variety of organs throughout the body system are being attacked.
		Regardless of the form of autoimmunity, any autoimmune disease affecting the eye will require systemic (e.g., oral as opposed to local, topical, ocular) therapy; the components of the immune system reside not in the eye, but rather are systemic, and therefore, regulation of those components will require systemic therapy.
	www.uveitis.org /patient/articles/articles/auto.html (595 words)

	Ocular Manifestations of Some Systemic Diseases MEDSTUDENTS-OPHTHALMOLOGY
		Ocular Manifestations are a feature of numeral congenital syndromes, including Down Syndrome, Marfan syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, tuberous sclerosis, metabolic disorders involving lysosomal storage and carbohydrate metabolism, and neurofibromatosis.
		Ocular manifestations in JRA typically occurs in patients with a mild form of the disease, the so-called pauci-articular form, and in patients who are rheumatoid factor negative and ANA positive.
		Ocular complications may occasionally be the presenting feature of this disease and do not correlate with the severity or course of the systemic signs.
	www.medstudents.com.br /oftal/oftal3.htm (1545 words)

	Eye Signs - Key Ocular Signs for Health Screening
		This is an example of an ocular manifestation of a systemic disease.
		Xerophthalmia can be associated with systemic diseases such as Sjögren' s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and hypothyroidism; and deficiency of vitamin A. Xerophthalmia results from inadequate function of the lacrimal glands which produce tears.
		This is an example of an ocular manifestation of a genetic disease.
	www.milesresearch.com /main/eyesigns.asp (1360 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		OCULAR TUMORS INTRODUCTION: Neoplasia affecting either the adnexa (eyelids, conjunctiva, nictitans, or sclera) or uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid), and orbit are relatively common in dogs and cats.
		It should be noted that all ocular and periocular tumors, regardless of their expected microscopic morphology and biologic behavior, should routinely be biopsied to confirm the diagnosis.
		While feline ocular lymphosarcoma is usually associated with other organ involvement, there is recent evidence that a form of primary ocular lymphosarcoma may exist in cats, and that this type of neoplasia may be associated with a better survival prognosis.
	www.zzcat.com /TumorTidbits/Ocular-Tumors.txt (2129 words)

	Feline Ophthalmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The cat is often presented to the veterinarian with perplexing ocular disease or anomalies. These ocular disorders may be confined to the eye or may be manifestation of systemic diseases. Selected feline ocular disorders are discussed in this section.
		Diseases of the feline orbit are relatively uncommon. Exophthalmos with and without strabismus occurs with retrobulbar masses or swelling. Retrobulbar neoplasia is more common than retrobulbar abscesses as a cause of exophthalmos in the cat. Orbital lymphosarcoma may result in unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos. Orbital metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the cat.
		Diseases of the lacrimal excretory component that result in obstruction of the puncta or nasolacrimal duct cause chronic epiphora. Absence or malalignment of the lower punctum are frequent causes of epiphora in young kittens. The Persian breed is predisposed to malalignment of the lower punctum and entropion of the lower medial eyelid.
	sacs.vetmed.ufl.edu /Ophtho/Feline/Feline.htm (1553 words)

	Ocular manifestations of AIDS MEDSTUDENTS-OPHTHALMOLOGY
		Because of the high frequency of ocular involvement, it is appropriate to ophthalmologists to be knowledgeable concerning this condition.
		The most common ocular manifestation of AIDS is a form of retinopathy consisting of cotton-wool spots, hemorrhages, and capillary abnormalities.
		Syphilis is usually a rare cause of ocular disease, but, in the AIDS population, syphilis is not infrequently seen, and retinochoroiditis has been reported.
	www.medstudents.com.br /oftal/oftal4.htm (1153 words)

	List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process another part of the body.
		Other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.
		Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in proptosis, restrictive ophthalmopathy, chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ocular_manifestations_of_systemic_disease (248 words)

	eMedicine - Endophthalmitis, Fungal : Article by Lihteh Wu, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is frequently an ocular manifestation of a systemic disease.
		From the lungs, the fungus is disseminated hematogenously and preferentially affects the central nervous system.
		An unrecognized endemic disease in orthotopic liver transplantation.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic706.htm (4424 words)

	Imaging of the pulmonary manifestations of systemic disease -- Rockall et al. 77 (912): 621 -- Postgraduate Medical ...
		disease in all lung specimens and bronchiolar dilatation in 36%
		the latter disease is confined to the lungs and
		In this immune complex disease, inflammation of venules, capillaries, and arterioles is caused by accumulation of cryoglobulins.
	pmj.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/77/912/621 (5731 words)

	Clinical Trial: Cyclosporine Implant for Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease
		Graft-vs.-Host Disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) commonly affecting the skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and eye.
		However, systemic immunosuppression is not generally prescribed for patients whose sole manifestation of GVHD is ocular complications as it may negate the overall graft-vs.-tumor effect and decrease patient survival.
		Uncontrolled systemic disease or serious illness that could, in the investigator's opinion, interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study therapy, required follow-up testing, or interfere with interpretation of the study results.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00102583 (2031 words)

	Behcet Disease
		The incidences of Behcet's disease and Behcet's ocular disease in the western part of Switzerland, with a referral population of roughly 600000 persons, were 0.65 and 0.46 per 100000 per year, respectively.
		The ocular inflammatory score, the frequency of attacks, and changes in visual acuities for patients with ocular involvement were assessed before the study, at the end of treatment, and during the follow-up periods.
		An improvement in the severity and the frequency of ocular attacks occurred in 5 of 6 patients in the interferon alfa-2a-treated group and in 1 of 3 patients in the placebo-treated group.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/behcet_disease.htm (3944 words)

	Uveitis and Systemic Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Additionally, uveitis is described in relation to specific disease syndromes, for example Fuchs Heterochromic Cyclitis or occurring in relation to systemic disease such as sarcoidosis or toxoplasmosis.
		Ocular inflammation involves vessel dilatation and increased vessel permeability with fluid extravasation and leucocyte migration.
		The use of prednisolone in ocular disease is controversial.
	medweb.bham.ac.uk /easdec/eyetextbook/Uveitis/uveitis.htm (2542 words)

	Behçet's Disease of the Eye Resource Guide [NEI Health Information]
		Behçet's disease is an autoimmune disease that results from damage to blood vessels throughout the body, particularly veins.
		Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.
		The treatment, which includes local, systemic, or surgical therapies, is based on the severity of the illness; the most appropriate management requires a multidisciplinary approach.
	www.nei.nih.gov /health/behcets/index.asp (1069 words)

	A866
		Continuing education courses valid for renewal of certification for the use and prescription of pharmaceutical agents for treatment purposes in the practice of optometry shall include those courses primarily devoted to the diagnosis, treatment and management of ocular disease, ocular pathology or the ocular manifestation of systemic disease.
		No licensee shall be tested by the board for certification to use or prescribe pharmaceutical agents for treatment purposes in the practice of optometry before having first satisfactorily completed all educational requirements in ocular pharmacology at a school duly accredited by the United States Department of Education and the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation.
		This new system of licensee responsibility for maintenance of records brings New Jersey's procedures in line with the other 49 states and with the continuing education requirements and procedures of the other licensed health care professionals in the State.
	www.njleg.state.nj.us /2002/Bills/A1000/866_I1.HTM (1711 words)

	Allergy & Asthma Disease Management Center: Ask the Expert: Ocular Allergies
		When the Sjogren's sicca manifestations are prominent in the eyes, local complications are not unusual.
		Sicca symptoms and secondary Sjogren's syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and correlation with disease variables.
		Further, a significantly higher proportion reported ocular sicca symptoms (43 and 21%, respectively) and had pathologically reduced S1T compared with RA (46 and 21%, respectively).
	www.aaaai.org /aadmc/ate/ocularallergies.html (1305 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management
		However, ISK may be the initial manifestation of an unknown underlying systemic disease.
		Herpes simplex ISK is a highly recurrent disease, with the risk related to the number of previous recurrences.
		Although the ocular manifestations respond to topical steroids and are rarely serious, permanent deafness may result if systemic steroid therapy is not promptly instituted for audiovestibular dysfunction, while major morbidity and even death may occur if systemic sequelae such as vasculitis and aortic insufficiency are not recognized.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/March_2004/sec3_2.htm (1147 words)

	New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs Rule Proposal -July 3, 2006
		If an applicant attends a school other than a college of optometry, the education necessary to satisfy the ocular pharmacology educational requirement shall be substantially equivalent to that of a college of optometry.
		Each applicant for TPA certification shall be required to successfully pass the Treatment and Management of Ocular Disease Examination, or any successive examination, administered by the National Board of Examiners in Optometry, prior to certification by the New JerseyState Board of Optometrists.
		TPA credits may be obtained from preparing an educational or scientific article authored and published in a professional refereed journal that is primarily devoted to the diagnosis, treatment and management of ocular disease, ocular pathology or the ocular manifestation of systemic disease; [or]
	www.state.nj.us /lps/ca/proposal/optpro73.htm (3970 words)

	Soluble ICAM-1 serum levels in patients with intermediate uveitis -- Klok et al. 83 (7): 847 -- British Journal of ...
		disease in patients with intermediate uveitis and that this was
		At the end of the present study a relation with systemic disease was suspected in 13 (21%) of the patients with intermediate
		Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) as a marker of disease relapse in idiopathic uveoretinitis.
	bjo.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/83/7/847 (2641 words)

	Chorioretinitis - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Chorioretinitis frequently is a manifestation of systemic infectious disease; it is important as both a convenient diagnostic clue and a prognosticator of visual function.
		Routine ophthalmoscopic examinations of all animals with systemic diseases often permit rapid diagnosis of many specific diseases.
		Chorioretinitis may be present with canine distemper, systemic mycoses, protothecosis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, bacterial septicemias, feline infectious peritonitis, thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, malignant catarrhal fever, classical swine fever, leptospirosis in horses, and onchocerciasis.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/30115.htm (111 words)

	UP Ophthalmology
		Most commonly it is a problem with the blood supply that is the cause for this condition.
		Retinopathy is diagnosed by an optometrist or an ophhtalmologist during a form of eye examination called a fundus exam.
		Treatment depends on the cause of the disease.
	www.eyehealth.com /retinopathy.html (93 words)

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