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NIH Guide: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AND PATHOGENETIC STUDIES OF OCULOMOTOR DISORDERS Summary and Scope The manifestations of disorders of the oculomotor system can be readily and reliably identified in the clinical setting; however, the pathogenesis, therapy, and treatment of these disorders remain problematic. This list is not meant to be an exhaustive, exclusive, or delimiting set of topic areas: o Function: Delineation of the functional anatomy of the oculomotor system, including the cellular and molecular organization underlying the biomechanical properties of extraocular muscle during development and in normal and pathological aging of the oculomotor system. o Pathogenetics: Identification of the cellular and molecular targets of oculomotor disease and disease pathogenesis; the differential cellular and molecular organization of extraocular and classical skeletal muscle that is informative in oculomotor system-targeted diseases; the role of the immune system and hormone factors; and candidate disease genes for rare inherited oculomotor disorders. grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-EY-03-001.html   (3249 words)

Oculomotor nucleus - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From this nucleus the fibers pass forward through the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the medial part of the substantia nigra, forming a series of curves with a lateral convexity, and emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle. The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve does not consist of a continuous column of cells, but is broken up into a number of smaller nuclei, which are arranged in two groups, anterior and posterior. psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus   (350 words)

eMedicine - Oculomotor Nerve Palsy : Article Excerpt by: James Goodwin, MD   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) Fascicular intraparenchymal midbrain portion: The fascicular portion of the oculomotor nerve courses ventrally from the nucleus in the dorsal midbrain tegmentum, passes through the red nucleus, and emerges from the medial aspect of the cerebral peduncle. Fascicular subarachnoid portion: The cisternal portion of the nerve is in the subarachnoid space anterior to the midbrain and in close proximity to the posterior communicating artery. Berry aneurysm at the junction between the posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery is an important cause of oculomotor nerve palsy. www.emedicine.com /oph/byname/oculomotor-nerve-palsy.htm   (710 words)

Moon Illusion Explained: Section 4 Abundant data from laboratory studies of oculomotor micropsia clearly indicate that the change in the perceived visual angle for an object away from the visual angle for it also occurs during normal everyday viewing whenever the eye adjustments change. During everyday viewing, the shifts of accommodation and convergence among viewed objects invariably are a response to the distance-cues in the viewing situation that specify the distances of the objects from the eyes. After all, oculomotor micropsia constantly occurs during everyday viewing, and the changes in oculomotor adjustments that induce these changes in perceived visual angles away from the visual angle values typically are caused by changes in distance-cues. facstaff.uww.edu /mccreadd/sectionIV.html   (4162 words)

Does Ketamine-Mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonism Cause Schizophrenia-like Oculomotor Abnormalities? The goal of the present study was to determine the pattern of oculomotor deficits resulting from noncompetitive antagonism of NMDA receptors with subanesthetic doses of ketamine. The cause for this overshooting of the target concentrations is unknown; presumably there was a discrepancy between the pharmacokinetic parameters used in the CACI system and the actual pharmacokinetic behavior of the subjects (Hartvig et al. The dose-dependent induction of nystagmus by ketamine was probably caused by NMDA receptor blockade in brain stem oculomotor nuclei. www.nature.com /npp/journal/v19/n5/full/1395214a.html   (5026 words)

Oculomotor Nerve (Cr N III) • The oculomotor nerve nucleus is located in the mesencephalon at the level of the superior colliculus, near the midline, ventral to the aqueduct in a V-shaped trough formed by the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). • Axons course ventrally from the oculomotor nucleus in bundles that pass medial to, lateral to, and through the red nucleus to emerge in the interpeduncular fossa medial to the basis pedunculi. Interneurons interact with other interneurons which synapse with preganglionic neurons of the oculomotor nerve which synapse in the ciliary ganglion from which postganglionic neurons innervate the constrictor muscle of the iris. www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.2-Anatomy-CranialNerves/CN03-oculomotor.html   (1470 words)

eMedicine - Oculomotor Nerve Palsy : Article by James Goodwin, MD   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) Morbidity and mortality are essentially those of the diseases that cause oculomotor nerve palsy and are beyond the scope of this article. The most significant causes of mortality and morbidity along with oculomotor nerve palsy are subarachnoid hemorrhage from berry aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery, and meningitis or meningeal infiltrative disorders, both infectious and neoplastic. Warwick R: Representation of the extraocular muscles in the oculomotor nuclei of the monkey. www.emedicine.com /oph/topic183.htm   (5258 words)

Oculomotor nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The oculomotor nerve is the third of twelve paired cranial nerves. The oculomotor nerve arises from the anterior aspect of mesencephalon (midbrain), the oculomotor nucleus originates at the level of the superior colliculus. Since the oculomotor nerve controls most of the eye muscles, it may be easier to detect damage to it. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oculomotor_nerve   (892 words)

Oculomotor and Pupil Tests to Identify Alcohol Impairment Above 0.10% BAC the signs were sufficiently distinct and reliable to yield 79% correct decisions, and as would be expected, mid-range BACs were the most difficult to classify. In summary, the accuracy of a computer-based system, which measures oculomotor and pupil function, was examined with alcohol-dosed Ss. With a measured BAC of 0.08% taken as the criterion for impairment, the system's pass/fail decisions correctly classified Ss on 81% of the trials. www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/Misc/driving/s30p1.htm   (908 words)

Oculomotor research at the UCL The oculomotor system is characterized by the interaction between peripheral reflexes and central motor commands of visual origin. The dynamical properties of the oculomotor plant are very simple, thus it is a good testing bench for studying interfaces between sensory and motor systems in the brain. In collaboration with Dr Olivier (NEFY), we investigate the oculomotor system of cats using electrophysiological techniques : the role of the superior colliculus and brainstem in the control of saccades and smooth pursuit. www.inma.ucl.ac.be /EYELAB   (838 words)

PBA Group: Projects - Gravity in Human Oculomotor Control, Perception & Action   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) Both retinal stimulation and stimulation of the vestibular organs affect oculomotor control, which in turn, influences perception and spatially-directed behavior. Although quantitative relationships among these variables can be determined under specific conditions, the relationships are adaptive, in that the organism can learn to extract meaning under conditions in which it is given an opportunity to interact with the environment. The relationships among oculomotor control, human visual perception, and action remain largely unspecified, and continue to be of significant scientific and practical importance. pbagroup.arc.nasa.gov /projects.html   (1148 words)

Central Pathways Mediating Oculomotor Reflexes in an Elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus canicula -- Graf et al. 203 (2): 236 -- ... Central Pathways Mediating Oculomotor Reflexes in an Elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus canicula -- Graf et al. The central pathways to MR Mns (3–5) were based on the results illustrated in Figure 2. Abbreviations: Abd Mns, abducens motoneurons; Abd Int, abducens internuclear neurons; IIIn and VIn, oculomotor and abducens nerve, respectively; LHC, left horizontal canal; MR Mns, medial rectus motoneurons; Rhs, rhombomeric segment; MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus. www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/203/2/236   (941 words)

Oculomotor III, Brain Sections / Schematics - Datasets, Project TOUCH - Health Sciences Center, UNM   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) In this section through the superior colliculi, identify the major rostral midbrain structures: dorsally, the superior colliculi and cerebral aqueduct; ventrally at the base of the midbrain, the large crus cerebri (here buttoned as its composite descending corticopontine, corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts) and the substantia nigra; and in the tegmentum, the prominent red nucleus. The oculomotor nerve nuclei are located on either side of the midline, just ventral to the periaqueductal gray. The oculomotor nerve (III) fibers will exit in the interpeduncular fossa, the latter seen as a circular space in the midline. hsc.unm.edu /touch/datasets/datasets/12   (175 words)

Effects on Visual Acuity and Stereoacuity of Oculomotor Changes Produced by Pre-Flight Adaptation Training The oculomotor changes that occur in ground-based personnel after brief exposure to pre-flight adaptation training in the TTD are similar to those observed after adaptation to microgravity. To evaluate the feasibility of using complex targets, which may be more familiar to flight personnel, we used a variation of the ST method to compare Vernier thresholds in straight-ahead gaze for targets composed of irregular and regular shapes. The motion to be detected was internal to the pursuit or fixation target and was either in the direction of eye or head movement, or orthogonal to it. www.isso.uh.edu /publications/A9798/bedell.htm   (2272 words)

MODELS OF OCULOMOTOR CONTROL It aims to provide the biomedical engineer with a thorough understanding of how various engineering control principles are applied to oculomotor systems, and the non-engineer with knowledge of how various physiological and clinical concepts can be represented quantitatively and efficiently by control system models. Basic control system concepts and oculomotor physiology are first introduced, along with a glossary, to provide background for the more advanced topics. In addition, advanced topics are presented on the application of dynamic linear and nonlinear modeling techniques to the oculomotor system, with a particular emphasis on myopia development. www.worldscibooks.com /engineering/4652.html   (287 words)

Journal of Vision - Thresholds for stereo-slant discrimination between spatially separated targets are influenced ... Stereo-slant discrimination thresholds are affected by visual, oculomotor, and memory factors. This indicates that oculomotor errors are not an important factor in stereo-slant discrimination. Thus, oculomotor error increases with target separation, and it is an important factor in stereo-depth discrimination. journalofvision.org /3/11/6   (318 words)

Oculomotor Nerves (III)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) "Oculomotor nerves" arise from the midbrain and pass into the orbits of the eyes. One part of each nerve connects several voluntary muscles: the "levator palpebrae superioris" muscles, which raise the eyelids, and most of the muscles attached to eye surfaces that cause them to move - the "superior rectus", "medial rectus", and "inferior oblique" muscles. They also contain some sensory nerve fibers to transmit information about the condition of certain eye muscles. www.innerbody.com /text/nerv28.html   (121 words)

Oculomotor Nerve   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) The oculomotor nerve originates from motor neurons in the oculomotor (somatomotor) and Edinger-Westphal (visceral motor) nuclei in the brainstem. The nerve passes through the two layers of the dura mater including the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and then enters the superior orbital fissure to access the orbit. The visceromotor or parasympathetic component of the oculomotor nerve travels with inferior division. www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn3.htm   (171 words)

The UnMuseum - Experiment: Ponzo and the Moon The explanation is based on a pair of illusions known as oculomotor macropsia and oculomotor micropsia. Oculomotor macropsia causes objects to appear to have a larger angular size when we perceive them to be far away based on distance cues. Oculomotor micropsia makes objects seem to have a smaller angular size when they are close to us based on distance clues. unmuseum.mus.pa.us /exmoon.htm   (900 words)

Oculomotor Migraine - WrongDiagnosis.com Variant of migraine headache where oculomotor nerve (nerve responsible for downwards and outwards movement of the eye) is impaired You can also explore similar symptoms that may result in wrong diagnosis of Oculomotor Migraine in our Misdiagnosis center. Various tests are used in the diagnosis of Oculomotor Migraine. www.wrongdiagnosis.com /o/oculomotor_migraine/intro.htm   (357 words)

Frequency and phenotypic spectrum of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2: a clinical and genetic study in 18 patients -- ... Frequency and phenotypic spectrum of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2: a clinical and genetic study in 18 patients -- Le Ber et al. Frequency and phenotypic spectrum of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2: a clinical and genetic study in 18 patients Oculomotor apraxia was noted in 56% of the patients at bedside brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/127/4/759   (3929 words)

Journal of Vision - Perceptual and oculomotor evidence of limitations on processing accelerating motion, by Watamaniuk ... Oculomotor and psychophysical discrimination were compared by analyzing performance for the entire stimulus set sorted by either target acceleration or speed. Thresholds for pursuit and perception were higher for target acceleration than speed, further evidence that a common motion-processing stage limits the performance of both systems. Watamaniuk, S. J., and Heinen, S. Perceptual and oculomotor evidence of limitations on processing accelerating motion. journalofvision.org /3/11/5   (238 words)

Anatomy Tables - Eye between lesser & greater wings of sphenoid; transmits oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, superior ophthalmic vein, lymphatics parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in ciliary ganglion ciliary ganglion: sensory root - from nasociliary n.(V1); sympathetic root - from internal carotid plexus; parasympathetic root - from oculomotor n. www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/head/eye_tables.html   (1377 words)

IngentaConnect Oculomotor evidence of sequence learning on the serial reaction t...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) Oculomotor evidence of sequence learning on the serial reaction time task Manual and oculomotor measures of sequence learning were examined on the serial reaction time (SRT) task. Participants were assigned into four groups differing on response modality (manual, oculomotor) and trial type (sequence, pseudorandom). www.ingentaconnect.com /content/psocpubs/mrc/2006/00000034/00000002/art00019   (235 words)

Oculomotor nerve definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms Oculomotor nerve: The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve is responsible for the nerve supply to muscles about the eye: Paralysis of the oculomotor nerve results in drooping eyelid (ptosis), deviation of the eyeball outward (and therefore double vision) and a dilated (wide-open) pupil. www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7572   (138 words)

Arch Ophthalmol -- Abstract: Pupil Involvement in Patients With Diabetes-Associated Oculomotor Nerve Palsy, June 1998, ... Arch Ophthalmol -- Abstract: Pupil Involvement in Patients With Diabetes-Associated Oculomotor Nerve Palsy, June 1998, Jacobson 116 (6): 723 of pupil involvement in patients with diabetes-associated oculomotor from injury of the oculomotor nerve caused by aneurysmal compression. archopht.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/116/6/723   (202 words)

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy in Childhood - American Academy of Ophthalmology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) A retrospective review of case files involving oculomotor nerve palsy in children over a 6-year period found that neuroimaging in children is mandatory, due to the etiological differences between children and adults. According to Ng and Lyons, the state of the pupil (spared versus involved/dilated) is not particularly helpful in determining etiology in children as it is in adults. While most acquired cases of oculomotor nerve palsy in children were associated with serious neurological or systemic disease, the potential for binocularity is lessened if onset of the palsy occurs within the first 4 years of life. www.aao.org /education/sit_neuro/0016.cfm   (391 words)

Arch Neurol -- Abstract: Oculomotor Testing in the Differential Diagnosis of Degenerative Ataxic Disorders, July 1998, ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06) Arch Neurol -- Abstract: Oculomotor Testing in the Differential Diagnosis of Degenerative Ataxic Disorders, July 1998, Wessel et al. Oculomotor Testing in the Differential Diagnosis of Degenerative Ataxic Disorders of oculomotor deficits in patients with Friedreich ataxia (FA), archneur.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/55/7/949   (323 words)

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