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Topic: Odaenathus

	Odaenathus Encyclopedie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Odaenathus had Rome enorme diensten bewezen door eerst in 260, na de gevangenneming van Valerianus I door koning Shapur I van Perzië.
		Tijdens deze actie werden hij en zijn oudste zoon Herodianus om het leven gebracht.
		Het is mogelijk dat Odaenathus tweede vrouw, Zenobia, hiervoor verantwoordelijk was, maar men sluit niet uit dat het op orders van keizer Gallienus gebeurde die de groeiende macht van de koning van Palmyra als een directe bedreiging zag.
	encyclopedie.ws /Odaenathus (352 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Vaballathus and Zenobia
		Odaenathus celebrated his Persian victories by assuming the aggressively eastern-looking title "king of kings," basileus basileon in Greek and mlk mlk' in Palmyrene inscriptions; he shared the title with his elder son.
		Since Odaenathus is said to have claimed that he had not injured Persian interests, this proposition evidently preceded his attacks after the capture of Valerian, but by how long is not clear.
		Odaenathus was able to invoke the prestige of his Roman honors in the view of Palmyra's neighbors and true competitors.
	www.roman-emperors.org /zenobia.htm (3320 words)

	Palmyra
		Septimius Odaenathus, a Prince of Palmyra, was appointed by Valerian as the governor of the province of Syria.
		After Valerian was captured and killed by the Sassanids, Odaenathus campaigned as far as Ctesiphon (near modern-day Baghdad) for revenge, invading the city twice.
		When Odaenathus was assassinated by his nephew Maconius, his wife Septimia Zenobia took power, ruling Palmyra on the behalf of her son, Vabalathus.
	www.syriamuseum.com /WikiHome/Palmyra?themePage=printable (630 words)

	Palmyran - DBA II/74 Army Notes
		Odaenathus was granted Roman consular status and may have been appointed Roman governor of Syria.
		Under his rule, Palmyra aggressively expanded its borders (and Roman influence) in Asia Minor at the expense of the Sassanids, including a humiliating defeat of the Persians in 266 AD in front of their capital at Ctesiphon along the banks of the Tigris river.
		At the height of his triumphs, Odaenathus and his eldest son were assassinated in 267.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/II74/index.html (1181 words)

	Zenobia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Zenobia's husband, Odaenathus, Rome's client ruler of Palmyra, had by 267 recovered the Roman East from Persian conquerors.
		After Odaenathus and his eldest son (by his former wife), Herodes (or Herodianus), were assassinated in 267 or 268, Zenobia became regent for her own young son Wahaballat (called Vaballathus in Latin, Athenodorus in Greek).
		Nevertheless, unlike Odaenathus, Zenobia was not content to remain a Roman client.
	www.damascus-online.com /se/bio/zenobia.htm (243 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Tadmor, Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Septimius Odaenathus, a Prince of Palmyra, was appointed by Valerian as the governor of the province of Syria.
		After Valerian was captured and killed by the Sassanids, Odaenathus campaigned as far as Ctesiphon (near modern-day Baghdad) for revenge, invading the city twice.
		When Odaenathus was assassinated by his nephew Maconius, his wife Septimia Zenobia took power, ruling Palmyra on the behalf of her son, Vabalathus.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Tadmor,_Syria (866 words)

	Palmyrene Empire Information
		The Palmyrene Empire was ruled by Septimius Odaenathus from 260 to his death in 267, after which it was ruled by Queen Zenobia for her infant son Vaballathus.
		Since Rome was unable to protect the eastern provinces against the Sassanids, then-governor Septimius Odaenathus decided to use the substantial legions he had at his disposal - among them the famed Legio XII Fulminata - to defend his provinces, rather than intervene in the struggles for Rome.
		Septimius Odaenathus was assassinated and his son Vabalathus was made king (rex consul imperator dux Romanorum, "illustrious King of Kings" and corrector totius orientis) of the Palmyrene Empire.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Palmyrene_Empire (640 words)

	Roman timeline from 268AD to 284AD
		Background: Palmyra and Odaenathus Palmyra is the Roman name for a city called Tadmor in its people's own language.
		Odaenathus (Palmyrene Odainath) in his turn sired a son, Hairan, by a woman whose identity is not recorded; Hairan was assassinated together with Odaenathus in 267.
		Odaenathus had won honors from Gallienus by pursuing ends favorable to Palmyra, by aggressive military means, in the default of Roman forces.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /temetfutue/timeline/tl_Imperial-c.htm (13724 words)

	Septimius Odaenathus -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Odaenathus also spelled Odenathus, or Odainath prince of the Roman colony of Palmyra (q.v.
		A Roman citizen and a member of Palmyra's ruling family, Odaenathus had by 258 attained consular rank and become ruler of Palmyra.
		More results on "Septimius Odaenathus" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9056745 (656 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.04.20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He tries to show that the historical circumstances (the permanent threat from the Sassanid dynasty as well as the Bedouins and the unstable state of the imperial government) were responsible for the rise of Odaenathus' power in the region.
		But, although one should not overlook the primary intention behind the installation of Odaenathus -- the defence of the eastern part of the empire -- it must be admitted that H.'s positive portrayal of the Palmyrenes is a bit exaggerated.
		At the beginning of his reign Odaenathus' interests coincided with Rome's since both wanted to defend their empire against the danger from the east.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2002/2002-04-20.html (1009 words)

	BMCR-L: BMCR 2002.04.20 Udo Hartmann, Das palmyrenische Teilreich
		He tries to show that the historical circumstances (the permanent threat from the Sassanid dynasty as well as the Bedouins and the unstable state of the imperial government) were responsible for the rise of Odaenathus' power in the region.
		But, although one should not overlook the primary intention behind the installation of Odaenathus -- the defence of the eastern part of the empire -- it must be admitted that H.'s positive portrayal of the Palmyrenes is a bit exaggerated.
		At the beginning of his reign Odaenathus' interests coincided with Rome's since both wanted to defend their empire against the danger from the east.
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /mailing_lists/BMCR-L/2002/0111.php (991 words)

	When Africa was a Matriarchy ruled by African Queens it flourished; When it became a patriarchy it was destroyed. - ...
		She was an incredible beauty, and this may have been brought her to the attention of Odaenathus, ruler of Palmyra; but it was her character and intelligence (she spoke several languages - Egyptian, Greek and her native Aramaic) that kept her by his side throughout his reign.
		It was said that she feared that Herodes, Odaenathus' eldest son by a previous marriage, would succeed.
		Odaenathus was duly murdered by his cousin Maeonius, who was then killed by Zenobia's own soldiers.
	africanamerica.org /eve/forums/a/tpc/f/67970854/m/14960612 (6111 words)

	Zenobia Of Palmyra: The Girl Of The Syrian Desert Page 2
		"Are the movements of Septimus Odaenathus, the head-man, of such importance to the noble tribune that he must needs question a free merchant of Palmyra as to the number and manner of his servants?" asked Odaemathus haughtily.
		The struggling children were half led, half carried into the sculptured atrium[1] of the palace of Odaenathus which, embowered in palms and vines and wonderful Eastern plants, stood back from the marble colonnade on the Street of the Thousand Columns.
		And when in that same atrium the body of the dead merchant lay embalmed and draped for its "long home,"[2] there, kneeling by the stricken form of the murdered father and kinsman, and with uplifted hand, after the vindictive manner of these fierce old days of blood, Odaemathus and Zenobia swore eternal hatred to Rome.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/History/HistGirls/HistGirlsC2P2.htm (933 words)

	Introduction and Summary
		In 261 Odaenathus besieged the usurper Quietus,Macrianus's son, and his king-maker Callistus/"Ballista" at Emesa and secured their deaths.[[15]] In subsequent years, he campaigned successfully in Persian territory; he is said to have won back Nisibis to Roman control, and to have penetrated as far as Ctesiphon.
		Jewish sources reflect a campaign in Babylonia, in which Odaenathus pursued Palmyrene trading-interests perhaps at least as much as Roman advantage against the Persians.[[16]] Zosimus reports that Odaenathus led Roman legions as well as the Syrian levies noted by other sources (Zos.
		Nevertheless, Odaenathus and his elder son were assassinated in 267.[[20]] Most of the sources blame a kinsman for the murders, but two late sources implicate Gallienus.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/181833 (2495 words)

	Zenobia Of Palmyra: The Girl Of The Syrian Desert Page 4
		In the great market-place or forum, Odaenathus and Zenobia awaited the return of their messengers to Sapor.
		There is a hurried entrance through the eastern gate of the city, and the messengers from the Palmyrean senate rush into the Market-place.
		And when the time was ripe, and Rome, ruled by weak emperors and harassed by wild barbarians, was in dire stress, the childish vow of the boy and girl made years before found fulfilment.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/History/HistGirls/HistGirlsC2P4.htm (726 words)

	Zenobia of Palmyra: The Warrior Queen - Associated Content
		His name was Odaenathus and successfully campaigned against the Persians for the Roman Empire.
		In 267 C.E. Odaenathus and his heir were assassinated.
		This left Odaenathus and Zenobia's son to take his position, because he was so young Zenobia took over instead.
	www.associatedcontent.com /article/27346/zenobia_of_palmyra_the_warrior_queen.html (517 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		She was a queen of Palmyra and the second wife to king of Palmyra Septimius Odaenathus.
		Her father, Zabaii ben Selim or Iulius (or Julius) Aurelius Zenobius, was a chieftain of Syria in 229 and her mother may have been Egyptian.
		Her son Vaballathus (Latin from the Arabic as وهب اللات Wahballath), is the name of Odaenathus’ paternal grandfather that means ‘gift of the Goddess’.
	stron.frm.pl /wiki.php?title=Zenobia (1301 words)

	Wario explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A woman now, her husband conquered for Rome in the north, she, in his absence, And when the time was ripe, and Rome, ruled by weak emperors and of the boy and girl made years before found fulfilment.
		Palmyra Odaenathus was acknowledged by senate and people as "Emperor and stricken the father.
		Zenobia, ascending the throne of Palmyra, after the manner of her time, extended her empire in every desert, under the government of a woman, extended its conquests confined to the barren plains about Palmyra, now held sway from north." But a new emperor ruled in Rome: Aurelian, soldier and statesman.
	www.wordspider.net /wa/wario.html (534 words)

	[No title]
		In these notes, bibliography that recurs is highlighted at its first appearance, so that works thereafter cited by the author's name alone may be identified more readily.
		[9]To keep the exposition simple, I presume that Odaenathus had one elder son, to whose name two different hellenizations were applied; so too Eugenia Equini Schneider, Septimia Zenobia Sebaste, Studia archaeologica 61 (Rome: "L'erma" di Bretschneider 1992) 21-23.
		de Blois upheld a date in 258/9 in "Odaenathus and the Roman-Persian War of 252-264 A.D.," Talanta 6 (1975) 7-23, but Jacob Neusner's correction to 262/3 is now generally accepted (A History of the Jews in Babylonia II, The Early Sasanian Period [Leiden: Brill 1966] 48-52).
	www.roman-emperors.org /PalmRevo.htm (1492 words)

	Zenobia
		It was Odaenathus who harried the retreating Persians after they had captured the "senior" Emperor Valerian at Rome's disastrous defeat at Carrhae (260 AD).
		At that point the junior co-emperor, Gallienus, confirmed Odaenathus as supreme commander in charge of defense of the eastern frontier, and Odaenathus then pursued the Persians into their own territory winning victories in the name of Rome.
		Gallienus heaped honors on Odaenathus and, at least in eastern monuments, Odaenathus designated himself "Senator of Rome" and "Consul".
	www.mmdtkw.org /VZenobia.html (902 words)

	Zenobia - Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		She was a queen of Palmyra and the; second wife to king of Palmyra Septimius Odaenathus.
		Her father, Zabaii ben Selim or Iulius Aurelius Zenobius, was a chieftain of Syria in 229 and her mother have may been Egyptian.
		Zenobia married King of Palmyra Septimius Odaenathus by 258 as his second wife.
	zenobia.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Zenobia (1447 words)

	Zenobia: Warrior Queen
		Eunapius, in his "Lives of the Sophists," describes Longinus as a "living library and a walking museum." Zenobia also spoke in equal perfection Greek, Syriac, Egyptian and Latin.
		At approximately age 14, she married 35 year old Odaenathus, the widowed ruler of Palmyra.
		After approximately 10 years of marriage, Odaenathus was assassinated.
	www.geocities.com /js778811/Zenobia31305C.htm (493 words)

	Amazon.com: Odaenathus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Publius Septimius Odaenathus was a member of the...
		forces in Thrace and by Odaenathus of Palmyra in Syria (261).
		Stone Potter, "Rome and Palmyra: Odaenathus' Titulature and the Use of...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Odaenathus&index=blended&page=1 (1118 words)

	Jay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Macrinus, strike!" and at his word the foot-soldier went straight to its mark and Odaenathus, the Columns.
		So sudden and so unexpected was the blow that the Palmyreans the Roman was swift to act.
		bear him to his house, and let Palmyra sculptured atrium[1] of the palace of Odaenathus which, embowered the marble colonnade on the Street of the Thousand Columns.
	www.freetemplate.ws /ja/jay.html (620 words)

	Corrector Information
		Two famous but extraordinary correctores were Odaenathus and his son Vaballathus.
		When Odaenathus died, his son requested and obtained, after some years, the same title, but later styled himself Augustus, and Emperor Aurelian went in the East to squash this open rebellion, defeating and capturing Vaballathus and his mother (and behind-the-throne actual ruler) Zenobia.
		In various municipia, corrector became the title of a permanent single chief magistrate — traditionally there had been collegial systems, e.g.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Corrector (484 words)

	MESOPOTAMIA - LoveToKnow Article on MESOPOTAMIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A rest for Mesopotamia seems to have followed; but in 258 Shapur, tempted by the troubles in the Roman empire, overran the country taking Ni~Ibis and Carrhae, and investing Edessa, and when Valerian invaded Mesopotamia he was eventually made prisoner, by Edessa (260).
		After Shapurs cruel victories in Syria, however, he was defeated by Odaenathus, who relieved Edessa, and Mesopotamia became for ten years practically part of an Arabian Empire (see PALbIYRA), as it was to be four centuries later.
		In consequence of the revolt of Zenobia Mesopotamia was lost to Rome, and the Euphrates became the frontier.
	31.1911encyclopedia.org /M/ME/MESOPOTAMIA.htm (9723 words)

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