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	Iphicrates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following up success, he took city after city for the Athenians; but in equence of a quarrel with the Argives he was transferred from Corinth to the Hellespont, where he was equally successful.
		After the peace of Antalcidas (387 BC) he assisted Seuthes, king of Thracian Odrysae, to recover his kingdom, and fought against Cotys, with whom, however, he subsequently concluded an alliance.
		About 378 BC, he was sent with a force of mercenaries to assist the Persians to reconquer Egypt; but a dispute with Pharnabazus led to the failure of the expedition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iphicrates (382 words)

	GETAE - LoveToKnow Article on GETAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Their name first occurs in connection with the expedition of Darius Hystaspis (515 nc.) against the Scythians, in the course of which they were brought under his sway, but they regained their freedom on his return to the East.
		During the 5th century, they appear as furnishing a contingent of cavalry to Sitalces, king of the Odrysae, in his attack on Perdiccas II., king of Macedon, but the decay of the Odrysian kingdom again left them independent.
		of Macedon in 342 reduced the Odrysae to the condition of tributaries, the Getae, fearing that their turn would come next, made overtures to the conqueror.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GETAE.htm (519 words)

	The Thracian Tomb in Kazanluk
		The round domed tombs were built predominantly in the southern part of Thrace, in the area inhabited by the Odrysae tribes, which had achieved a higher level of socio-economic development.
		The Kazanluk Tomb was most probably constructed for one of the Odrysae chieftain-kings.
		It is possible that the tomb may have been that of Seuth III, since his capital city is only 8 km from the Tomb.
	www.digsys.bg /books/cultural_heritage/thracian/architecture.html (1493 words)

	macanc8ra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Shortly afterwards the first king of the Odrysae, Teres, attempted to carve an empire out of the territory occupied by the Thracian tribes (Thuc.2.29), and his sovereignty extended as far as the Euxine and the Hellespont.
		His son Sitalces enlarged his kingdom, subjugating the tribes of Rhodope as far as the Strymon, and the Getae, north of Haemus.
		Thenceforward the king of the Odrysae called himself king of the Thracians.
	www.ucc.ie /staff/jprodr/macedonia/macanc8ra.html (1022 words)

	Kazanlak - History - Travel Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In ancient times, the Tundzha Valley was the domain of the Thracian Odrysae, who exploited the vacuum left by the retreat of the Persians in the fifth century BC, to forge a powerful tribal state on the southern slopes of the Balkan Range.
		Their power was temporarily broken by Philip II of Macedon in 342 BC, but they re-emerged a generation later under King Seuthes III, an unruly vassal of Alexander the Great's successor Lysimachus, who built a new capital, Seuthopolis, 7km west of present-day Kazanlak - now submerged beneath a reservoir.
		The river Tundzha is thought to have been navigable as far as Seuthopolis in ancient times, bringing trade, profits and Hellenistic culture to the Odrysae - who expressed their wealth in the solid, but exquisitely decorated tombs which abound in the region.
	travel-guide.traveliseek.com /kazanlak--history_avl_fi104428.html (318 words)

	Style Greece Hellenistic
		The names of many of these are known, but not in every case their exact location, although they were certainly spread all over the Balkan peninsula and across parts of Asia Minor as well.
		They included the Odrysae, who inhabited an extensive area centering on the river Hebros (today Maritsa) in southern Bulgaria, and the Dardanae, who were situated partly on the Balkan peninsula and partly in the environs of Troy in Asia Minor.
		Among the other Thracian tribes were the Triballi in the north-west of present-day Bulgaria, the Moesians on the right bank of the Danube and the Getae, who settled south of the Danube delta in what is today Romania.
	arthistory.heindorffhus.dk /frame-Style03-GreekHellenistic.htm (1571 words)

	BulGuide.com Plovdiv tour and local information -- Plovdiv History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Its first inhabitants were two Thracian tribes, the Odrysae and the Bessae, who lived in the Maritsa River Valley and the Rhodope Mountains.
		They established a fortified settlement on three of the hills, and gave it the name Evmolpia, or "melodious", taking this name after the mythycal poet and musican Orpheus.
		Seuthes III, the tsar of the Odrysae, restored the Thracian Kingdom.
	www.bulguide.com /plovdiv/more_info.htm (941 words)

	Dio's Rome, Vol. 4 - An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the - Reigns of Septimius Severus, ...
		In other matters he was more moderate and even came to the aid of some of his friends when their conduct was subjected to official scrutiny.
		But a certain Marcus Primus was accused of having made war upon the Odrysae, while he was governor of Macedonia, who said at one time that he had done it with the approval of Augustus, and again with that of Marcellus.
		The emperor thereupon came of his own accord into the court and, when interrogated by the praetors as to whether he had instructed the man to make war, entered a denial.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/10883/54.html (493 words)

	Ancient coinage of Thrace
		It seems to have been the chief town of the Thracian Odrysae and to have struck early in the fourth century B.C. the following small bronze coins in its own name.
		A vessel of this shape is seen also on the coins of Hebryzelmis, B.C. 386-385, of Cotys, B.C. 382-359, and of Cersobleptes, B.C. Kings of the Odrysae (see infra (P) and N.
		It is not likely that the coins of the Odrysae, a powerful and warlike people, were struck in any organized civic community.
	www.snible.org /coins/hn/thrace.html (8558 words)

	The Diadochi: The career of Lysimachus
		After Alexander's death Lysimachus became king of the Thracians, who are neighbors of the Macedonians and who had been ruled by Alexander and earlier by Philip; these represent only a small part of the Thracian people.
		As he was engaging with men not lacking in experience of war and who outnumbered him heavily, he himself only escaped after facing extreme danger, while his son Agathocles, who was serving with him for the first time, was captured by the Getae.
		The Odrysae and Getae were neighboring tribes, living in the east of what is now Bulgaria; Dromichaetes was king of the Getae.
	www.livius.org /di-dn/diadochi/diadochi_t07.html (987 words)

	[No title]
		During the reign of Seuthes I (424 - 415 BC) the kingdom of the Odrysae enjoyed a period of prosperity and glory.
		In 180 BC Kotys II became King of the Odrysae and allied with Perseas against the Romans, assisting his army in the battle of Pydna (168 BC).
		And was not ashamed to admit having once fled from the field, leaving his shield as booty to a Thracian warrior.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/050Compecon/Centeur/Bulgaria/BulgariaHistory.txt (22991 words)

	Plovdiv Guide and Plovdiv - the Tourism, Tradition and Culture Center of Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Legend has it that about 9 - 10 millennia BC, after the submerging of Atlantis the only surviving principality was the "Manou - meaning "Principality of Knowledge").
		Today, this valley is replete with tumular Temples and burial Monuments, Mounts, testifying to their great civilization.The multitude of gold, silver, iron and clay objects found so far and the numerous studied tombs are lasting marks left from the ancient Thracians' culture, revealing their notions of the world.
		It is here, at the bottom of Koprinka dam - lake one can still find remains of Seuthopolis - the Odrysae state capital from the time of Seuthe III, the only Thracian city that has been completely excavated, preserved and researched.
	www.plovdivcityguide.com /newsfiles/news.php?id=1235%E2%8C%A9_id=1 (590 words)

	Thracian Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Then come the peoples who live in the neighbourhood of the Haemus Mountain and those who live at its base and extend as far as the Pontus- I mean the Coralli, the Bessi, and some of the Medi and Dantheletae.
		The Odrysae was the most powerful Thracian tribe, the only one to briefly unite all the others.
		The term "Odrysae" is applied by some to all the peoples living above the seaboard from the Hebrus and Cypsela as far as Odessus (now Varna) - the peoples over whom Amadocus, Cersobleptes, Berisades, Seuthes, and Cotys reigned as kings.
	www.thrace.0catch.com /tribes_main.htm (10961 words)

	Imitative Coinage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Upon the death of a man, his favorite wife was slain and buried with him, which was considered an honor.
		The great undoing of the Thracians was their failure to unite their 40-odd tribes, the most well known of which included the Odrysae, Getae, and Moesi, into a single nation (though the kings of the Odrysae would call themselves kings of the Thracians).
		The silver tetradrachms were likely used throughout the region for such purposes as bribes to hostile tribal dynasts, tribute from one tribe or state to a stronger or more aggressive one (including Rome), payment to soldiers, and payment for war supplies, slaves, and goods bought through intraregional trade.
	rg.ancients.info /thracetets/part1.html (4702 words)

	The Thracian Tomb in Kazanluk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		There is no doubt that the Tomb was made at a time when the Thracian tribes had reached a particularly high level of socio-political development.
		During the 5th - 4th Century B.C., the Thracian tribes living in South-east Thrace founded a state - the Kingdom of the Odrysae, founded under the leadership of the Odrysae tribe.
		Many monuments of the religious customs of the Thracians have been found in this area.
	www.digsys.bg /books/cultural_heritage/thracian/murals-ii.html (1128 words)

	Dio's Rome, Vol. III - An Historical Narrative Originally Composed In Greek During - The Reigns Of Septimius Severus, ...
		And he did subdue them, though not without effort, by conquering in battle the Merdi and the Serdi and cutting off the hands of the captives.
		He overran the rest of the country except the land of the Odrysae.
		These he spared because they are attached to the service of Dionysus, and had come to meet him on this occasion without arms.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/10162/174.html (601 words)

	Grapes Unlimited
		After the Persian Wars, in 480-460 BC the first powerful Thracian state, the Kingdom of the Odrysae, was founded by King Teres.
		After Seuthes' death the Odrysian kingdom was divided into three parts, ruled by Amadokos, Maides and
		BC) was King of the Odrysae and allied with Perseas of Macedonia against the Romans.
	www.grapesunlimited.com /thracianOldestCivilization.html (2401 words)

	The Thracians
		Conflict between Thracian tribes was very common, and quite possibly was the only reason the group as a whole did not become the most powerful force in south-eastern Europe at the time.
		Occasionally, there were attempts to unite the tribes, most notably under the leadership of the Odrysae tribe in the fourth to fifth centuries CE, but the coalitions never lasted.
		Their skills and bravery in battle were widely noted and feared by other regional groups such as Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome, all of which later often hired Thracian warriors as mercenaries.
	www.sofiaecho.com /the-thracians/p_40 (912 words)

	Balkan history - Thracians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		When passing through Thrace the Thracians knew that Xerxes's primary goal was to destroy the powerful city of Athens, far to the south, and so they offered no resistance to the Persian army.
		After Seuthes' death the Odrysian kingdom was divided into three parts, ruled by Amadokos, Maides and Euryzelmes I. Kotys I (384-359 BC) was initially in alliance with the Athenians however he later dissolved this alliance and took control of the Thracian Chersonese and the Athenian naval base of Sestos.
		After the Perseas defeat at the battle of Pydna (168 BC) Kotys made a truce with the Romans and acknowledged their sovereignty.
	www.eliznik.org.uk /RomaniaHistory/thracian.htm (853 words)

	Thracian characteristics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Plato (Republic, 435e) says "It would be absurd to suppose that the element of high spirit was not derived in states from the private citizens who are reputed to have this quality as the populations of Thracian and Skythian lands and generally northern regions…"
		Polybius (XXVII,12) agrees: "Cotys [a king of the Odrysae] was a man of distinguished appearance and of great ability in military affairs, and besides, quite unlike a Thracian in character.
		For he was of sober habits; and gave evidence of a gentleness of temper and a steadiness of disposition worthy of a man of gentle birth."
	www.thrace.0catch.com /charactr_main.htm (6514 words)

	Livy's History of Rome
		Gentius, king of the Illyrians, had brought himself under suspicion, but had not gone so far as to decide for certain which side he should support; it seemed as though whichever he supported, it would be more from impulse than policy.
		The Thracian Cotys, king of the Odrysae, had already declared for Macedonia.
		Cotys, the son of Suthis and king of the Odrysae, had come in with a picked force of 1000 horse and about the same number of infantry.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Livy/Livy42.html (22195 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		But the Romans have subdued all Thrace, and they also hold such Celtic territory as is worth possessing, but they have intentionally overlooked the parts that they consider useless through excessive cold or bar- renness.
		Then Lysimachus made war against his neighbours, first the Odrysae, secondly the Getae and Dromichaetes.
		Engaging with men not unversed in warfare and far his superiors in number, he himself escaped from a position of extreme danger, but his son Agathocles, who was serving with him then for the first time, was taken prisoner by the Getae.
	typhon.perseus.tufts.edu /typhon/Greg/Documents/Documents.old/Perseus%20Stuff2/NewTexts/Paus1a (9936 words)

	Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Over the winter, he also conquered and kept Pydna.
		Making a treaty with Olynthus against Athens, Philip also took the city of Crenides from the Odrysae and renamed it Philippi.)
		The revolting allies ravaged Lemnos and Imbros, which had remained loyal to Athens, and then laid siege to Samos, which was defended by cleruchs.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/citylife/battles.html (427 words)

	GETAE - Online Information article about GETAE
		king of the Odrysae, in his attack on See also:
		Perdiccas II., king of Macedon, but the decay of the Odrysian See also:
		of Macedon in 342 reduced the Odrysae to the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GEO_GNU/GETAE.html (707 words)

	Thucydides-Passages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The whole number of his forces was estimated at a hundred and fifty thousand, of which about two-thirds were infantry and the rest cavalry.
		The largest part of the cavalry was furnished by the Odrysae themselves, and the next largest by the Getae.
		Of the infantry, those armed with dirks who came from the independent tribes of Mount Rhodopè were the most warlike.
	classicpersuasion.org /pw/thucydides/thucydides-passages.php?pleaseget=2.98-102 (1396 words)

	Balkan history - Thracian tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Mygdones lived in the region of Mygdonia or Mygdn.
		The Odrysae (Odrisi, Odrsai) were the most powerful Thracian tribe from the 5th century BC.
		They were based in the central Thracian plain with towns at, or near, the modern towns of Plovdiv, Asenovgrad, Kazanlak, and Stara Zagora, however their empire extended from the Black Sea coast along along the Agean coast to Abdera (now Avdera in Greece) and included the town of Uscudama (now Edrine in Turkey).
	www.eliznik.org.uk /RomaniaHistory/thracian-tribes.htm (943 words)

	Thracia
		Thracian mercenaries certainly fought against the Greeks under the Persian King Xerxes I during this time period.
		One Thracian tribe, the Odrysae, led by their King Teres, did attempt a unification of Thrace as a single nation.
		A short dynastic rule lasted about a century until the takeover of Macedonian influence.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/thracia.php (880 words)

	Expert About th:Thrace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Foreign Minister and candidate for PASOK's presidency Giorgos Papandreou will carry out a pre-election tour on the weekend (17-18 January) in Thrace, while he is expected to pay special attention to the problems of the Muslim minority.
		The boundaries of Thrace varied at different times, in the 5th century BC the kingdom of the Odrysae, the leading tribe of Thrace, extended over present-day Bulgaria, Turkish Thrace (east of the Hebrus) and Greece between the Hebrus and Strymon, except for the coastal strip of Greek cities, i.
		From the 8th century BC the coast of Thrace was colonized by Greeks at Abdera, Maroneia, Aenus, Perinthus, Byzantium, Apollonia, and Mesambria, but the Thracians resisted Greek influence.
	expertsite.biz /dir/th/Thrace.htm (1474 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Bulgarian oil-yielding rose has been grown for more then 200 years in the Valley, every May there is a holiday "The Red Bulgarian Rose".
		The round domed tombs were built predominantly in the southern part of Thrace, in the area inhabited by the Odrysae tribes, which had reached a higher level of civilization.
		The plan of the Kazanlak tomb indicates that it was built for an eminent Thracian.
	www.europatour.varna.net /sightseeing.htm (2451 words)

	Computer System and Technologies
		The frontier check point in the village of Captain Andreevo is one of the biggest in Europe; about 4.5 million passengers and tourists go via it annually.
		The earliest evidence of human life in that area dates from the 4th century B. The lands around modern Svilengrad were inhabited by the Thracian tribe Odrysae.
		Thracian traces can be found in settlements, funeral mounds, shrines and dolmens.
	www.svilengrad.com /cst_en_sv.html (706 words)

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