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Topic: Oestrogen

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Estradiol

Estrone

Testosterone

Androgen

Hormone

Menstrual cycle

Progesterone

Adenohypophysis

Digestive tract

Ovarian follicle

Reproductive cycle

Neurohypophysis

Adrenal gland

Endocrine system

Thyroxine

	Oestrogen - T-Vox
		Oestrogens (also estrogens) are a group of steroid compounds that function as the primary female sex hormone.
		Oestrogens are produced primarily by developing follicles in the ovaries, the corpus luteum and the placenta.
		The use of oestrogenic compounds, especially together with a progestagen, is a treatment for the symptoms of menopause.
	www.t-vox.org /index.php?title=Oestrogen (677 words)

	Health Report - 10/20/1997: Oestrogen and the Brain
		So in these cases, either post menopausal were tested that either had oestrogen replacement or didn't have oestrogen replacement and found that those that had oestrogen replacement performed better memory tasks.
		And while most research on oestrogen in the brain has been into the long term effects, it seems that brain-function can be influenced over days, as the oestrogen levels rise and fall through the menstrual cycle.
		And then in the rats that were given oestrogen and progesterone, by the way, they were given both, we had two different groups - one group was just oestrogen and one was oestrogen and progesterone.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s321.htm (1660 words)

	Post-menopausal Oestrogen Therapy (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 72, 1999)
		Conjugated equine oestrogens are the most widely prescribed preparation for oestrogen therapy for women in the United States, but oestradiol and its esters have greater use in most of Europe.
		The results provide some suggestion that post-menopausal oestrogen therapy is associated with a reduced risk for cervical cancer, but the finding could be due to more active screening for pre-invasive disease among women who have received post-menopausal oestrogen therapy.
		The hydrolysed oestrogens and equilin induced microscopic renal carcinomas, whereas d-equilenin was inactive.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol72/vol72-3.html (968 words)

	Oestrogen on the brain
		It was McEwen who first showed that oestrogen had the potential to improve mental function by enhancing neuronal survival and shaping neuronal populations in the hippocampus - the area involved in laying down memories.3 His team found that, in rodents, the female hormone helps to build and maintain new synapses, strengthening neuronal connections.
		It all shows that oestrogen maintains a basic level of protection.' Behl and his team who have recently moved to the University of Mainz are now using chip technology to identify which genes are switched on by oestrogen.
		In addition, oestrogen is known to upregulate the activity of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase in rodent brains.
	www.rsc.org /chemistryworld/Issues/2003/March/oestrogen.asp (2162 words)

	Alzheimer's Society Quality Research in Dementia - Sex hormones, oestrogen and testosterone
		When levels fall after the menopause, women become more vulnerable to heart disease, and oestrogen may also be a factor in certain types of breast cancer.
		Oestrogen also affects brain function and there are a number of recent studies investigating whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) containing oestrogen can help those who have already developed the condition.
		The largest and longest treatment study involved 120 women with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease being given either oestrogen or a placebo for a year.
	www.alzheimers.org.uk /Research/Cure/sexhormones.htm (250 words)

	The Medicine Journal - May 2002: Oestrogen: Effectiveness to relieve postmenopausal symptoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		In a recent study, patients who were given varying doses of oestrogen with and without methyltestosterone, found that the extent of relief with the lower dose oestrogenandrogen therapy was similar to that achieved with the higher-dose oestrogen-only therapy.
		The effect of oestrogen on short-term memory and cognition has been incompletely studied, and although many studies have shown that oestrogens do have a beneficial effect, the data are inconsistent.
		Data are emerging in terms of oestrogen’s effect on the eye, and although definitive clinical studies are not available, the information suggests that oestrogen may forestall, or even improve, certain ocular dysfunctions.
	www.medpharm.co.za /safp/2002/may/oestrogen.html (2220 words)

	Post-menopausal Oestrogen-progestogen Therapy (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 72, 1999)
		Use of regimens in which a progestogen is added to post-menopausal oestrogen therapy has been increasing in order to reduce the increased risk for endometrial cancer observed with oestrogens alone.
		Regimens vary with respect to dose and timing of oestrogen and progestogen administration and in the number of days on which the progestogen is given per month.
		Oral administration of this combination or of the conjugated oestrogens alone in the diet of ovariectomized female rats which had been given 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, a known mammary carcinogen, increased the incidence of mammary tumours to a level equal to that in non-ovariectomized controls treated with the carcinogen.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol72/vol72-4.html (685 words)

	Oestrogen.
		Oestrogen also controls the mucus secreted by the cervical glands found in the cervix (neck of the womb).
		During the early part of pregnancy oestrogen is produced by the corpus luteum (which does not regress as it does in a normal menstrual cycle).
		Oestrogen is responsible for the growth of the uterus and vagina during pregnanc
	www.coursework.info /i/19684.html (307 words)

	Cardiovascular disease and hormone replacement therapy
		The relationship between menopause, reduction in oestrogen and increase in TC is an important factor in the development of hyperlipidaemia.
		Oestrogen also has a direct action on arterial sclerosis by inhibiting oxidation and suppressing the growth or spread of smooth muscle cells.
		Oestrogen replacement therapy prolongs the life span by 0.9 years of women with risk factors and by 2.1 years in women with a history of coronary heart disease (Table III) [10].
	www.gfmer.ch /Books/bookmp/95.htm (1830 words)

	Post-menopausal Oestrogen Therapy (Vol72) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Although the major route of metabolism for oestrogens inactivates them and facilitates their excretion, a minor metabolic pathway activates a small proportion of oestrogen to catechol intermediates, with significant potential for damaging DNA, and may also yield reactive oxygen species that damage DNA.
		At higher concentrations, oestrogens stimulated cell proliferation in rat liver in vivo and in cultured rat hepatocytes in vitro.
		No information was available on whether the effect of oestrogens on the mammary gland is modified by body weight or by the recency or duration of exposure to oestrogens in experimental systems.
	monographs.iarc.fr /htdocs/monographs/vol72/vol72-3.html (1686 words)

	HORMONE HERESY - Oestrogen's Deadly Truth - Part 2 by Sherrill Sellman
		While oestrogen is the primary hormone during the first two weeks of a woman's menstrual cycle, fulfilling its role of preparing the endometrium for pregnancy, progesterone is the major female reproductive hormone during the latter two weeks of the menstrual cycle.
		Oestrogen deficiency is loudly proclaimed by medical practitioners, pharmaceutical advertising and many lay publications as the primary cause of all the symptoms attributed to menopause and post-menopause, such as mood swings, depressions, hot flushes, vaginal dryness, loss of sex-drive and accelerating osteoporosis.
		Oestrogen is the hormone that stimulates cell proliferation, and progesterone is the hormone that stops growth and stimulates ripening.
	www.whale.to /m/sellman.html (6006 words)

	News Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The findings lend some support to the concept that oestrogen or oestrogen receptors may influence acquisition of the virus, persistent infectivity or both.
		While younger women have higher oestrogen receptor levels than older women, there was no obvious association between menstrual cycle — at certain times of which circulating oestrogen levels are higher — and oestrogen receptor detection.
		The authors suggest that if oestrogen receptors are, in part, responsible for HPV acquisition, this may explain the ‘biological vulnerability’ of adolescents, young adults and pregnant women to HPV infection.
	www.mediscover.net /related.cfm?Hnid=668 (514 words)

	Oestrogen still best for hot flashes - Health Minutes
		It’s the feeling of being warm or hot that can come on suddenly associated with sweats, a rapid heart beat and even a sense of anxiety, which many women experience during their menopause and about one in ten can have for years.
		Hormone replacement therapy prevents hot flashes but many women are wary of hormones even though they’re fine for short-term use.
		An anti epileptic called gabapentin is perhaps a little more effective but all of these medications have significant side effects —more than oestrogen.
	www.abc.net.au /health/minutes/stories/s1825839.htm (269 words)

	ABC Bodybuilding: OESTROGEN WITHDRAWAL AND POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
		Oestrogen receptors have been found in all the main types of bone cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.
		Such studies demonstrate that oestrogen is a resorption inhibitor and its post-menopausal withdrawal causes an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, with resorption exceeding formation.
		Oestrogen deficiency, due to oestrogen withdrawal following the menopause in females, is the single biggest risk factor associated with the disease.
	www.abcbodybuilding.com /forum/showthreaded.php?Number=872931 (2826 words)

	British Medical Journal: Oestrogen and calcium homeostasis in women with hypoparathyroidism - Lesson of the Week
		In a similar case, reported in 1979, a patient became hypercalcaemic after stopping the oral contraceptive pill.[2 3] Reintroduction of oestrogen was associated with a fall in her serum calcium concentration.
		Cytokines are now recognised as pivotal mediators of oestrogen, which acts on oestrogen receptors on osteoblasts[7] and osteoclasts[8] to inhibit bone resorption.[9] In normal women, oestrogen withdrawal increases bone resorption and causes a rise in serum calcium.
		Ultimately, the effects of oestrogen on bone and calcium metabolism are monitored by the calcium sensing receptor on parathyroid cells,[12] which respond by altering parathyroid hormone secretion.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7219_319/ai_57827480 (1125 words)

	Oestrogen doesn't protect mental function in older women -- Tanne 328 (7455): 1514 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Dementia increase with oestrogen and progesterone use is predictable.
		Re: Dementia increase with oestrogen and progesterone use is predictable.
		Re: Re: Dementia increase with oestrogen and progesterone use is predictable.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/328/7455/1514-b (382 words)

	Oestrogen cuts mental illness symptoms - theage.com.au
		The oestrogen was administered through skin patches, and all patients remained on their anti-psychotic medication.
		The Alfred's Psychiatry Research Centre director, Jayashri Kulkarni, said the oestrogen worked on the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine in the brain, which were believed to be overactive in people with schizophrenia.
		She said the treatment would use a particular type of oestrogen that would only affect the brain, and diminish the potential for men to be feminised by the drug, or for women's reproductive systems to be affected.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/05/30/1054177732418.html (279 words)

	Thinking straight: oestrogen and cognitive function at midlife
		The larger question of whether oestrogen has the ability to prevent the onset of Alzheimer's is a separate issue, and one now being explored in larger studies.
		At this point, clear clinical evidence that taking oestrogen improves brain function or prevents Alzheimer's disease is lacking, despite the potential promise of early observational studies and continued anecdotal reports.
		Some women who take oestrogen and find that their cognitive abilities and memory improve tend to notice less of a change in their creativity, suggesting that returning the biochemistry of the brain closer to its premenopausal structure inhibits the changes women might otherwise welcome.
	www.cwhn.ca /resources/afi/cognitive.html (2219 words)

	HORMONE HERESY - Oestrogen's Deadly Truth - Part 1 by Sherrill Sellman
		Oestrogen prepares the follicles for the release of one of the eggs.
		It is oestrogen which proliferates the changes that take place at puberty: the growth of breasts, the development of the reproductive system and the shape of a woman's body.
		When oestrogen is not balanced by progesterone, it can produce weight gain, headaches, bad temper, chronic fatigue and loss of interest in sex-all of which are part of the clinically recognised premenstrual syndrome.
	www.whale.to /m/sellman1.html (11546 words)

	Oestrogen, brain function, and neuropsychiatric disorders -- Cutter et al. 74 (7): 837 -- Journal of Neurology, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Oestrogen and neurotrophin receptors are co-expressed on rodent
		oestrogen may have a role as an antidepressant.
		Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/74/7/837 (2657 words)

	Oestrogen and progesterone increase the levels of apoptosis induced by the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E7 ...
		Oestrogen and progesterone increase the levels of apoptosis induced by the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E7 proteins -- Webster et al.
		Oestrogen and progesterone increase the levels of apoptosis induced by the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E7 proteins
		E2- and E7-induced apoptosis are mediated by an oestrogen receptor.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/1/201 (6105 words)

	Oestrogen effects on urine concentrating response in young women -- Stachenfeld et al. 552 (3): 869 -- The Journal of ...
		Oestrogen lowers the plasma osmotic threshold for arginine vasopressin (AVP) release but without commensurate changes in renal concentrating response, suggesting oestrogen (OE) may lower renal sensitivity to AVP.
		The direct effects of oestrogen on AVP actions in the kidney are difficult to define in young women.
		While the primary effect of oestrogen on protein binding and metabolism are due to first pass effects during oral administration, it is possible that transdermal oestrogen can have more subtle effects once it reaches the portal circulation.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/552/3/869 (6701 words)

	AllRefer Health - Medical News > Oestrogen key to boosting male sex drive: Study
		However, he added that when the mice were given artificial oestrogen they were back on top of things quickly.
		While greater quantities of oestrogen are found in women, males convert small amounts of testosterone into oestrogen.
		Simpson also said that some drug companies are in the process of producing organ-specific forms of oestrogen to target the brain and cure low sex drive in men suffering from a lack of it.
	health.allrefer.com /news/index.php?ID=6399 (477 words)

	News - Oestrogen-Androgen Replacement Significantly Benefits Postmenopausal Women
		The study examined the effects on body composition of esterified oestrogen 1.25 mg/day plus methyltestosterone 2.5 mg/day versus esterified oestrogen 1.25 mg/day alone.
		Compared with oestrogen alone, oestrogen-androgen significantly increased total lean body mass and reduced the percentage fat for all body parts, lean body mass increased by 1.232 kg.
		In those who received oestrogen only, the increases were 0.31 ± 0.004 kg.(0.68 ± 0.009 lb.) in the upper body, 0.021 kg.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256B9D004B19FD (477 words)

	Oestrogen plus progestogen increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women -- Kessenich 7 (1): 16 -- ...
		Oestrogen plus progestogen increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women -- Kessenich 7 (1): 16 -- Evidence-Based Nursing
		Oestrogen plus progestogen increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women
		In postmenopausal women, does oestrogen plus progestogen hormone therapy increase the risk of abnormal mammographic results and diagnosis of breast cancer?
	ebn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/7/1/16 (544 words)

	Effect of oestrogen on myofibre size and myosin expression in growing rats -- Piccone et al. 90 (1): 87 -- Experimental ...
		Effect of oestrogen on myofibre size and myosin expression in growing rats -- Piccone et al.
		The effect of hypokinesia and hypodynamia on protein turnover and the growth of four skeletal muscles of the rat.
		Comparison of effect of oestrogen on muscle development of male and female mice.
	ep.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/90/1/87 (3429 words)

	Can oestrogen influence skeletal muscle damage, inflammation, and repair? -- Tiidus 39 (5): 251 -- British Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Oestrogen may affect muscle damage and inflammation, but the
		of oestrogen and whether it is physiologically meaningful or
		oestrogen exerts its effect on skeletal muscle responses to
	bjsportmed.com /cgi/content/extract/39/5/251 (213 words)

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