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Topic: Off by one errors

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	InformIT: Secure Coding in C and C++: Strings > Common String Manipulation Errors
		The four most common errors are unbounded string copies, off-by-one errors, null termination errors, and string truncation.
		Off-by-one errors are similar to unbounded string copies in that they both involve writing outside the bounds of an array.
		Null-termination errors, like the other string errors described in this chapter, are difficult to detect and can lie dormant in deployed code until a particular set of inputs causes a failure.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.aspx?p=430402&seqNum=2&rl=1 (1854 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Numerical stability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Given an algorithm f(x), with x the input data and ε the error in the input data, one says that the algorithm is numerically stable for the absolute error if In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis the approximation error in some data is the difference between the exact value and the value used.
		Round-off errors: Certain numbers need an infinite number of digits to be represented (such as π), when rounding these numbers the round-off errors will propagate through the calculation.
		A round-off error is the difference between the calculated approximation of a number and its exact mathematical value.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Numerical-stability (887 words)

	Credit & Debt - How to Fix Errors - AOL Money & Finance
		Errors in your credit report include mistakes but they also include omissions.
		It's possible that actions you've taken to pay off a debt or clear up a delinquency, for example, are not showing in your credit report.
		After all, it is responsible for the error being reported to the credit bureau.
	money.aol.com /creditdebt/fct1/_a/how-to-fix-errors/20050225133809990002 (638 words)

	Off-by-one error - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An off-by-one error is a logical error involving the discrete equivalent of a boundary condition.
		Another such error can occur if a do-while loop is used in place of a while loop (or vice versa.) A do-while loop is guaranteed to run at least once.
		A fencepost error (occasionally called a "lamp-post error") is a specific type of off-by-one error.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Off-by-one_error (569 words)

	INFO: Mapping Modes and Round-Off Errors
		Round-off errors occur when one logical unit does not equal one device unit, and an application requests the Graphics Device Interface (GDI) to perform an action that would result in a nonintegral number of pixels needing to be drawn, scrolled, blt'd, and so on.
		Round-off errors can manifest themselves in many ways, including unpainted portions of a client area when scrolling, gaps between objects that shouldn't have gaps (or vice versa), objects that shrink or grow one pixel depending on where they are on the screen, objects of unexpected sizes, and so on.
		When round-off errors occur in an application, it is always a good idea to run the numbers through these equations to try to determine the cause of the errors.
	support.microsoft.com /kb/89215 (1027 words)

	QA: On errors, and why paying for errors pays off – Jens Meiert
		To be more precise, I pay for any (monthly “Top 3”) errors, mistakes, and uncomelinesses since November, 2005 (meiert.com, version 9), and I also throw in a little SEO factor by pointing to all “quality angels’” websites.
		Errors you find and that annoy you, but that get rewarded once you drop a line while the errors get fixed, too, have an entirely different (and more positive) impact on the overall experience with a service.
		It’s clear to anybody that errors, from spelling mistakes to service breakdowns, alway occur, but yet it’s not self-evident that those who point them out are taken serious and being seen as important “team members”.
	meiert.com /en/blog/20070120/qa-on-errors-and-why-paying-for-errors-pays-off (1139 words)

	Henin takes title after dire comedy of errors - Telegraph
		Five errors from the Kuznetsova forehand in the opening game alone, which, not surprisingly, led to her being broken, suggested that the scent of revenge for her defeat by Henin-Hardenne in the fourth round last year, when she had two match points, was not exactly heavy in the air.
		It was a pity for the Russian, one of the most popular players in the locker room, thanks to her sense of humour, because one sensed the crowd on Court Philippe Chatrier was ready to support the underdog.
		Kuznetsova's 11th forehand error, though it seemed many more, handed Henin-Hardenne the first set and two-thirds of the guests in the president's box wisely took their leave for the hospitality area, only returning when the match was as as good as over.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /sport/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/sport/2006/06/11/stheni11.xml (686 words)

	Known Problems in frames
		There are a variety of faint ghosts due to reflection off the edges of the filters.
		The proper motion errors are occasionally underestimated (yielding a few quasars with nominally significant proper motions!).
		However, overlapping scans have shown that the proper motion errors for the majority of asteroids are overestimated by roughly a factor of two.
	www.sdss.org /DR2/products/general/edr_html/node43.html (517 words)

	Secure Coding in C and C++: Strings > Common String Manipulation Errors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The four most common errors are unbounded string copies, off-by-one errors, null termination errors, and string truncation.
		Off-by-one errors are similar to unbounded string copies in that they both involve writing outside the bounds of an array.
		Null-termination errors, like the other string errors described in this chapter, are difficult to detect and can lie dormant in deployed code until a particular set of inputs causes a failure.
	www.awprofessional.com /articles/article.asp?p=430402&seqNum=2 (1335 words)

	jargon, node: fencepost error (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The obvious answer is n - m, but that is off by one; the right answer is n - m + 1.
		See also zeroth and off-by-one error, and note that not all off-by-one errors are fencepost errors.
		The game of Musical Chairs involves a catastrophic off-by-one error where N people try to sit in N - 1 chairs, but it's not a fencepost error.
	www.jargon.net /jargonfile/f/fenceposterror.html (167 words)

	Microsoft Online Crash Analysis
		However, if errors are detected and your computer is under warranty, we recommend that you contact the manufacturer for troubleshooting.
		If no errors are reported, remove the current memory module and add one from the set of memory modules that you previously removed.
		If errors are reported, remove the current memory module, making sure to separate it from the other memory modules.
	oca.microsoft.com /en/windiag.asp (3857 words)

	SHAWNEE STATE UNIVERSITY ::
		Most readers are annoyed by a paper that includes frequent errors, patterns of error, or stigmatized errors.
		Some composition experts call these errors stigmatized errors because readers may assume--often unfairly--that the writer who makes such errors is uneducated or unintelligent.
		While errors like these will detract from the papers you write in college, there are, admittedly, situations outside of the college classroom where stigmatized errors are acceptable and Standard American English is unusual.
	www.shawnee.edu /off/rw/gradingstandards/errors.html (621 words)

	TSN.ca - Print Story - Canada's Sports Leader
		His 420-foot shot off Lohse matched Hall of Famer and Chatham, Ont., native Ferguson Jenkins' team record of six homers in 1971.
		John Mabry's two-run single highlighted the 10-batter rally, which was aided by a pair of errors and Bill Bray's bases-loaded walk to Matt Murton that drew catcalls from the crowd of 28,264.
		Besides the six errors, the Reds had a runner picked off second base in their sloppiest game of the season.
	www.tsn.ca /tools/print_story.asp?id=178561 (679 words)

	Home runs, miscues lead N.Y. to win \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		D'backs shortstop Alex Cintron committed fielding errors on back-to-back plays with the bases loaded in the top of the fifth, allowing two runs to score and giving the Yankees an 8-3 lead.
		Bernie Williams homered to lead off the game, part of a four-run opening frame that saw the Yankees score twice on a bases-loaded bouncer up the third base line by Jorge Posada.
		Two more errors, an errant throw by Tracy and a boot by Hillenbrand in the seventh inning, led to the Yankees' ninth run.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/26471 (1046 words)

	Asking for Help with Errors & Problems — plone.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Start off with one sentence stating the general problem you are trying to solve.
		If your error produces a traceback or other error message, this is where you give it to us.
		The error report format is adapted from Joel Spolsky's comments on bug tracking, e.g., in Joel on Software.
	plone.org /documentation/how-to/ask-for-help (829 words)

	How to Combat E-Mail Address Errors
		The sources of e-mail address errors can be genuine churn, such as when a subscriber changes Internet service providers or jobs.
		Or, keying errors can occur as e-mail addresses are transcribed from paper to electronic form.
		Often these two sources of error cause up to 30 percent of the e-mails on a previously unmailed file to be undeliverable.
	www.dmnews.com /cms/dm-news/internet-marketing/10923.html (898 words)

	Cisco - Cisco Unity VMO Errors and Solutions
		You should first review the Problem section in order to verify that insufficient registry privileges are the cause of your VMO form errors before you proceed to the Solutions section.
		If this error message is displayed, you have successfully verified that the failure of the VMO form to open is caused by insufficient registry privileges:
		VMO error: Unknown problems are preventing the completion of the call
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/788/AVVID/vmo_error_custom_form.html (1569 words)

	fencepost error
		off-by-one error, and note that not all off-by-one errors are fencepost errors.
		Fencepost errors come from counting things rather than the spaces between them, or vice versa, or by neglecting to consider whether one should count one or both ends of a row.
		[rare] An error induced by unexpected regularities in input values, which can (for instance) completely thwart a theoretically efficient binary tree or hash table implementation.
	www.factmonster.com /computers/jargon/F/fencepost-error.html (206 words)

	Medical Errors Set Off Alarm Bells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The first hospital study of its kind in Canada is setting off alarm bells over what appears to be an extremely high number of preventable medical errors.
		As an example, in one case, a patient was diagnosed to have kidney stones, when in fact the patient was suffering from an abdominal aneurysm, the error resulted in a preventable death.
		When compared to the rate of hospital related errors in the United States, Canada has twice as many, according to similar studies conducted in the U.S. However, when compared to Australia, Britain, and New Zealand studies, Canadian medical error rates came in lower.
	www.healthtalk.ca /medical_errors_05232004_6203.php (246 words)

	Byers Numismatic Corp. - U.S. Gold Errors
		This is a unique and spectacular mint error and would be the centerpiece of a U.S. Gold collection or a collection of major mint errors.
		This major mint error is spectacular since it is on a rare date and mint mark and is almost mint state.
		Although it is difficult to see the error since this coin is in the NGC holder, it is broadstruck out of the collar and does not have any reeding.
	www.byersnc.com /errorsusgold.html (1010 words)

	Rounding Error Test
		Still, a solution must be found, so the browsers sometimes 'round off' the internal calculations, in order to arrive at a simple pixel value for box dimensions.
		However, for complex reasons, the rounding off might occur in the 'wrong' direction, and can result in a visible 1 pixel gap (or sometimes a 1 pixel overlap), next to those boxes.
		If rounding errors occur, they will appear as thin gaps running horizontally and vertically thru the big box.
	www.positioniseverything.net /round-error.html (426 words)

	Clearing Common Errors on Your Printer -- A1toners.com Newsletter
		If you have error messages or cartridge communication problems, then turning off the printer is not going to do anything.
		It takes at least one minute for all the electricity to be cut off from the printer to allow it to completely reset and clear its memory.
		While this technique will not fix every problem, it is still a very quick and easy solution to a lot of annoying printer problems and it is always the best place to start when one of those problems arises.
	www.a1toners.com /clearing-common-errors-on-your-printer.asp (314 words)

	MODELING OF GPS POSITION ERRORS
		Note in the above two plots that the agreement between measured and predicted error statistics is only approximate due primarily to the Rayleigh distribution approximation (assuming the error distribution is the same in all horizontal directions); unfortunately, to do better than this is an intractable mathematical problem.
		bold have their values defined by the type of error so they will always be exact in any set of data.
		Maximum errors generally cannot be modeled as they represent rare events (such as multipath due to surrounding a particular satellite geometry); thus reporting of maximum errors is of little value.
	users.erols.com /dlwilson/gpsacc.htm (1643 words)

	Byers Numismatic Corp. - U.S. Type Errors (Post 1900)
		Multiple errors on type coins such as the Buffalo Nickel are unheard of.
		This mint error is well centered with the date showing and is in gem mint state condition.
		This is a classic mint error and is considered one of the all-time rarities.
	www.byersnc.com /errorstypepost1900.html (719 words)

	GETTING THE OOPS! OUT OF SPREADSHEETS
		At best, errors can be minimized, so the prudent user should stay alert to the danger and use all the available tools to find them.
		The confusion arises when some numbers are rounded off and others are not or, worse, when different cells display the rounded-off numbers in different ways.
		The source of the error is located in the cell where a blue arrow points in and a red one leads out.
	www.aicpa.org /pubs/jofa/oct1999/hormann.html (1604 words)

	Kelsey Theatre's New Summer Line-Up Kicks off with "Comedy of Errors" June 30-July 9
		The first, Shakespeare’s “The Comedy of Errors,” will be presented by Shakespeare ’70 Fridays, June 30 and July 7 at 8 p.m., Saturdays, July 1 and 8 at 8 p.m., and Sundays, July 2 and 9 at 2 p.m.
		“The Comedy of Errors” is a happy jumble of mistaken identities involving two sets of twins and some very confused family members, all set in the magical land of Ephesus.
		In a story drawn from classical sources, the show relies on slapstick for many of its laughs and critics agree that it is a play that must be experienced on the stage to be fully enjoyed and appreciated.
	www.mccc.edu /~humphrew/whatsnew/comedyoferrors.htm (544 words)

	Off By 1 + Off By 1 = Off By 2 \| CodeSnipers.com
		Yes, normally they're called "Off By One Errors," but there's a bit more to it than that...
		Once again, we would attempt to check to see if the id was the last record and if there were no new items, we'd be outside the range and...
		The other developer and I managed to catch each others' errors, but didn't catch our own because we knew our own code worked and the problem must be in the other guy's stuff...
	codesnipers.com /?q=node/74 (517 words)

	Bug 47 - Off by one bug in assigning script buffer and heap wastes memory
		Bug 47 - Off by one bug in assigning script buffer and heap wastes memory
		Off by one bug in assigning script buffer and heap wastes memory
		Patch to fix off by one errors in Runscript
	gilgamesh.hamsterrepublic.com /cgi-bin/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47 (126 words)

	Common Errors in English: Off Of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Common Errors in English: Off Of Common Errors: Off-Of Common Errors Tests Spelling Quizzes Grammar Quizzes ESL DESK
		Off - away, at a distance in space or time.
		Off Of One wire should be ten centimeters off^ the ground.
	www.esldesk.com /common-errors-in-english/-off-of.aspx (140 words)

	Digital Camera Resource Page - Forums - Call for E18 errors within the DCRP
		Upon attempting to shut off the camera, it beeped and displayed the E18 error, before shutting off completely, and for good.
		Canon says this is because of on "internal error with the shutter mechanism", and has asked me to ship them my camera and they'll "fix" it.
		I have created a database to track the number of E18 errors that people are experiencing on various Canon camera models.
	www.dcresource.com /forums/printthread.php?t=3810&page=29&pp=10 (1332 words)

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