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	Offa of Mercia
		Offa became King of Mercia in AD 757, and, as a result of subsequent military successes, effectively ruled the whole of England south of the River Humber over a period.
		Following the murder of his cousin, King Æthelbald in 757, Offa defeated and exiled Beornrad[?], Æthelbald's successor, thus seizing the throne of Mercia.
		Sir Frank M. Stenton[?] in his authoritative history, Anglo-Saxon England, believed that Offa was perhaps the greatest king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, the proof of his ability obscured by the lack of a historian to describe his achievements.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/of/Offa.html (364 words)

	Offa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Offa was the son of Thingfrith and a descendant of Eowa, the brother of King Penda, who had ruled over a hundred years before.
		Offa came into conflict with Jaenbert, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and he tried to reduce the power of Canterbury through the establishment of a rival archdiocese at Lichfield, obtaining the approval of Pope Adrian I. A council at Chelsea agreed to its creation in 787, although only after some dispute.
		In Anglo-Saxon England, Stenton argued that Offa was perhaps the greatest king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, but that the proof of his abilities was obscured by the lack of a historian (such as Bede a half-century earlier, or Asser a century later) to describe his achievements.
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/offa.htm (1103 words)

	Offa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Offa is the name of two kings of the Angles, separated by the North Sea and a few centuries.
		'Offa' is sometimes spelt as 'Ofa' and it is a predominantly moslem town.
		Offa is on the railway line from Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, and Offa served as the railway terminus before the line was extended north to Kano and Nguru.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Offa (239 words)

	OFFA » About OFFA
		OFFA was established in the Higher Education Act 2004 as a measure to ensure that:
		OFFA is led by the Director of Fair Access, Sir Martin Harris, who reports to the Secretary of State for Education.
		OFFA’s principal duty is to regulate the charging of variable tuition fees through the approval and monitoring of access agreements.
	www.offa.org.uk /about (255 words)

	offa
		Offa was born around 740, the son of Thingfrith, descended in the main male line from Eowa, brother of King Penda of Mercia, who had been slain in battle in 643.
		Offa imported “fl coals” or as some think, fl basalt or marble, perhaps for his palaces, including the one he had built at Tamworth which was the “admiration and wonder of the age”.
		Offa was involved in a bitter conflict in Dyfed, and returned to seek healing of his wounds at Bedford Priory, where he died in 796.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /greenhall/tht/history/offa.htm (1949 words)

	Offa's Dyke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Constructed by King Offa of Mercia (757-96), late in the eighth century, it is a tribute to the authority he commanded from the Humber to the Channel.
		Offa had led many expeditions into Wales, but in his later years he decided upon a policy of stabilizing or at least permanently marking the frontier.
		Offa's intention was to provide Mercia with a well-defined boundary from Prestatyn to Chepstow, a distance of 240 kilometers.
	www.castlewales.com /offa.html (511 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Anglo-Saxon kings > Offa
		By the end of his reign, Offa was master of all England south of the Humber.
		Offa had dealings with the emperor Charlemagne (a proposed dynastic marriage between their children came to nothing), and he visited Rome in 792 to strengthen his links with the papacy.
		In the first recorded coronation in England, Offa's son Ecgfrith was consecrated in 787 in Offa's lifetime in an attempt to secure the succession.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page265.asp (208 words)

	"King Offa"
		It is an indication of King Offa's power that he was able to raise sufficient manpower to complete these enormous earthworks, which stretch for 70 miles and are still, in places, two and a half metres high and up to twenty metres wide.
		Offa's silver penny was the forerunner of modern coins, it had the king's name and the name of the person responsible for the quality of the coins stamped on it, he also produced some coins with a portrait of his wife, Cynethryth, as queen of Mercia.
		Offa's coins were probably minted at Canterbury, in Kent.
	www.kingoffa.e-sussex.sch.uk /king_offa.htm (296 words)

	Offa of Mercia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Offa came into conflict with Jaenbert, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and tried to reduce the power of Canterbury through the establishment of a rival archdiocese at Lichfield, obtaining the approval of Pope Adrian I.
		Proof of Offa's abilities was obscured by the lack of a historian (such as Bede a half-century earlier, or Asser a century later) to describe his achievements.
		Offa's currency reforms were prompted by, and in competition with, those of Charlemagne in Francia, which is reflected in their iconography: they carry a wide range of portraits inspired by Roman coinage and contemporary portrayals of the Biblical King David.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Offa_of_Mercia (1877 words)

	Offa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He introduced a new coinage in the form of the silver penny, which for centuries was to be the basis of the English currency.
		Offa had sufficient standing in Europe to negotiate with Charlemagne as an equal; and, although they quarreled over a proposed marriage of their children, they signed (796) a commercial treaty, the first recorded in English history.
		The Offa referred to in Beowulf and other Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry was not the king of Mercia, but a king of the Angles on the Continent, probably at the end of the 4th cent.
	www.bartleby.com /65/of/Offa.html (296 words)

	King Offa
		Offa also made a significant contribution to the English coinage when he introduced his silver penny these coins were probably minted in Cantebury and influenced the design of English coins for many centuries.
		During Offa's time in Tamworth his palace is thought to have been in the vicinity of Market Street near to where the Town Hall stands today, it is also thought that he built a small scale version of his famous dyke around the town as protection from attack.
		Offa has a street named after him in Tamworth quite near to where his ditch is said to have run.
	members.tripod.com /kiffg/king-offa.htm (153 words)

	Offa
		Offa was now supreme south of the Humber, with the result that England was divided into three political divisions, Northumbria, Mercia, and Wessex.
		This was effected at the Synod of Celchyth (787), at which Offa granted the pope a yearly sum equal to one mancus a day for the relief of the poor and for lights to be kept burning before St. Peter's tomb.
		The laws of Offa are not extant, but were embodied by Alfred in his later code.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/o/offa.html (495 words)

	Offa
		It is customary to ascribe to Offa a policy of limited scope, namely the establishment of Mercia in a position equal to that of Wessex and of Northumbria.
		Offa, like, most of his predecessors, probably held a kind of supremacy over all kingdoms south of the Humber.
		To Offa is ascribed by Asser, in his life of Alfred, the great fortification against the Welsh which is still known as "Offa's dike." It stretched from sea to sea and consisted of a wall and a rampart.
	www.nndb.com /people/040/000102731 (452 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Offa, King of Mercia 757-796 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Offa did make raids of his own into Wales and must have had plans to conquer so the dyke must have served to thwart any Welsh counter-attack.
		As a result Offa placed an embargo on Continental merchandise but this did not last long and the friendship once again flowered and in 794 an agreement was signed to encourage trade between England and Europe.
		Offa minted his own coins, the first reliable currency in Britain since Roman times and their importance can be put down to the fact that they have been found in large and small quantities, suggesting that they were used for small-scale transactions.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/102/43 (606 words)

	British Muslim Heritage: King Offa
		King Offa, in whose reign the interesting coin we have under consideration was struck, succeeded to the throne of Mercia in 757, he being the ninth monarch of that kingdom in succession from Wybba, the father of Penda (to whom allusion has previously been made).
		Offa’s coins of the ‘Penny series’ are remarkable for their artistic excellence both in execution and design, and in this respect far surpass the issues of many succeeding rulers.
		That Offa did keep his promise is certain, for in the papal letter sent in 798 by Pope Leo III to Offa’s successor, King Coenwulf, requesting that monarch to continue the donation, it is distinctly so stated.
	www.masud.co.uk /ISLAM/bmh/BMH-AQ-offa.htm (3565 words)

	Did King Offa Accept the Faith of Islâm? (www.islaam.org.uk)
		King Offa of the Mercians (757-796), was a member of an ancient Mercian ruling family, and Offa seized power in the civil war that followed the murder of his cousin, King Aethelban (ruled 716-757) and thus he acceded to the throne.
		King Offa's name still survives in a great earthwork as an impressive memorial known as Offa's Dyke (reminding us of the Great Wall of China which was built to protect them from the endless invasions by the Monguls).
		King Offa's name is unreasonably connected by his establishment of a new form of coinage bearing the King's name and title, and the name of the moneyer responsible for their quality.
	www.sunnahonline.com /ilm/seerah/0037.htm (927 words)

	Hiking Offa's Dyke -- Wales' Mystical Path
		Offa's Dyke, which the path follows for about half its distance, is seeped in mystery and unknowns.
		Some believe the dyke was built by King Offa, who wanted a sea-to-sea barrier to divide Wales and Mercia, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom that extended over much of central England from the mid Seventh century to the late Eighth century.
		Wilderness it isn't, but walking the Offa’s Dyke Path is like wandering through the mists of time, places of wars and forts and castles, of rich agricultural lands -- a place with a past, and a present.
	www.highonadventure.com /Hoa98aug/Wales/wales.htm (963 words)

	Monarchy - Offa, king of Mercia
		Offa was the first English ruler to mint the silver penny – the basis of early medieval English coinage – and the first to stamp his name on his coins.
		Several kinsmen were also despatched to guarantee the succession of Offa's son Ecgfrith, who in 787 was the first Anglo-Saxon prince to be 'consecrated' – anointed with holy oils as the future king.
		However, Offa's name is best known today for Offa's Dyke, a massive earthwork, built to keep out the Welsh, which runs from the River Dee in the north to the Severn in the south.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/M/monarchy/biogs/offa.html (391 words)

	offa's dyke
		Offa was married to Cynethryth (later implicated in the murder of the King of East Anglia) and they had one son, Egfrith and four daughters, Eadburh, Aelfled, Aelfthryth and Ethelburga.
		Once Offa was firmly in control of Mercia it is likely that he had the dyke built to be a permanent demarcation of the boundary between the Welsh and his kingdom.
		Before building the Dyke King Offa and his men would have had to carefully plan the route so that particular settlements were included and that the line followed the less tricky topography and always trying to keep a good view to the west.
	www.smr.herefordshire.gov.uk /saxon_viking/offas_dyke.htm (3475 words)

	Offa Rex, Anglo-Saxon King
		Offa’s daughters married the rulers of Wessex and Saxon which facilitated strong relations between these areas.
		He suggests that Offa may have gone to Spain to study the religion or the culture of Muslims and may have become impressed by the Muslim civilization and its grandeur (Quotations on Moorish Civilization).
		About twenty years before King Offa established his kingdom, Gothic Princess Sara married 'Isa ibn Muzahim, one of the Muslims at caliph Hisham's court in Damascus and returned to Seville with her husband.
	www.cyberistan.org /islamic/offa.html (546 words)

	Mercia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Penda was the son of Pybba, Pybba of Creoda, Creoda of Cynewald, Cynewald of Cnebba, Cnebba of Icel, Icel of Eomer, Eomer of Angelthew, Angelthew of Offa, Offa of Wearmund, Wearmund of Whitley, Whitley of Woden."
		Offa, having put Beornred to flight, sought to gain the kingdom of the Mercians by bloodshed." Charters imply that, by 764, Offa had become overlord of Kent, but the situation is by no means clear.
		Offa, King of Mercia, commanded that King Ethelbert [Æthelberht] should be beheaded..." The circumstances surrounding this bald statement were subsequently shrouded in legend, and Æthelberht became a saint.
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /mercia.htm (12269 words)

	Offa, his dyke and his legendary hospitality - Offas dyke
		Offa was King of the Mercians, a warrior tribe from central England, from 757 - 796, and is best remembered for his Dyke, which he had built to act as a defence against the Welsh.
		It was constructed at the end of the eighth century and consisted of a great defensive earthwork, with a ditch on the Welsh side, and it ran for 140 miles from the mouth of the River Dee in the north to that of the Wye in the south.
		Offa is not everyone's idea of a decent father-in-law, but apparently one of his daughters married Brihtric, King of Wessex with no fuss at all.
	www.historic-uk.com /HistoryUK/England-History/Offa.htm (474 words)

	Offa's Dyke - About Wales
		Offa's Dyke is a massive earthwork between England and Wales, running from the estuary of the River Dee in the north to the River Wye in the south.
		The earthwork is widely attributed to Offa, King of Mercia in the 8th century.
		It is not known to what extent Offa was indeed responsible for building the dyke - important parts of it may date from earlier periods.
	www.walesonline.com /info/hist/offa.shtml (235 words)

	King Offa
		Offa (son of Thingfrith, son of Eanulf), King of Mercia, was one of the leading figures of Saxon history.
		To repress the raids of the Welsh he built Offa's dyke, 150 miles long and roughly indicating for the first time what has remained the boundary between England and Wales.
		From 779 Offa ruled south of the Humber, with the result that England was divided into three political divisions, Northumbria, Mercia, and Wessex.
	www.britroyals.com /kings.asp (258 words)

	Offa's Dyke
		Offa was also influential in international affairs, having diplomatic and trading links with Charlemagne the poweful continental king based in Francia, together with contact with the Papacy.
		Offa's Dyke is a linear earthwork which roughly follows the Welsh/English boundary.
		Two stretches of earthwork at each end of this length are not now considered to be the work of Offa's time, but the King filling much of the central section gave Asser the licence to describe the Dyke as going from sea to sea.
	www.offasdyke.demon.co.uk /dyke.htm (604 words)

	Offa: Mercia's Greatest King
		Offa is one of the most famous names in all of British history.
		Offa was also treated as a high king by the pope himself.
		Offa finally had had enough and directed the construction of what has come to be known as Offa's Dyke, a massive earthwork that served as the western boundary of his kingdom.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/6546/77967 (431 words)

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