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Topic: Official IRA

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	Provisional Irish Republican Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While the Officials were initially the larger organisation and enjoyed more support from the republican constituency, the Provisionals came to dominate, especially after the Official IRA declared an indefinite ceasefire in 1972.
		At a regional level, the IRA is divided into a Northern Command, which operates in the area of Northern Ireland and the border counties of the Republic, and a Southern Command, which operates in the rest of Ireland.
		The IRA had an official policy of bombing only targets in England (not the Celtic countries of Scotland and Wales), although they detonated a bomb at an oil terminal in the Shetland Isles in 1981 while Queen Elizabeth II was performing the official opening of the terminal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army (8358 words)

	USATODAY.com - Irish Republican Army gives up 'totality' of its arsenal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The IRA said in July that it would no longer seek to abolish the predominantly Protestant territory of Northern Ireland by force, a policy that was the source of much of the deadly violence over the past 35 years.
		The IRA said it had commanded members to "dump arms," but it was vague about whether this meant every single one — leaving room for retention of firearms for crime, intimidation and self-protection.
		The IRA did not budge and abandoned a 1994 cease-fire with a 2-ton truck bomb in London's financial district in February 1996.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-09-26-IRA-disarms_x.htm (1615 words)

	Irish Republican Army
		It is important to differentiate what is termed the 'Old IRA' or the 'Official IRA' from the Provisional IRA (PIRA), a splinter-group which formed in the late 1960s in the wake of the anti-Catholic pogroms, riots and murders (mainly in Belfast and Derry), and which led to the virtual extinction of the original group.
		Over time the Official IRA faded away, the political side discarded its nationalism and became in succession Sinn Féin the Workers Party[?], the Workers Party, and finally the Democratic Left the most leftist of the parties in the Republic with seats in the Dáil Éireann (though also operationg in Northern Ireland).
		A scale of the difference between the claims of the IRA and Sinn Féin to represent 'Ireland' and the reality, can be seen in the fact that Sinn Féin in the 2002 general election in the Republic of Ireland experienced what was generally regarded as one of its best ever electoral results.
	ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ir/Irish_Republican_Army.html (1872 words)

	Ira, Vermont, New England, USA
		In 1780 a petition from 40 associates, including Ira Allen, for whom the town is named, asked the legislature for a grant of what they referred to as the "District of Ira." Probably the grant was made, for the Governor and Council established the granting fee and set the date for its payment.
		It is not known what interest Ira Allen had in the District of Ira, other than that he was the state's Surveyor General, and therefore was in a position to know what land was not yet chartered in 1780.
		If Ira Allen pointed out that they were on land which had not yet been granted, it would explain why they asked for the grant after they had already settled in it; it also would explain why Allen's name was included in the petition for the grant, and why the town was named for him.
	www.virtualvermont.com /towns/ira.html (556 words)

	BBC - History - War and Conflict - Official IRA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		After the split the Official IRA had to deal with taunts from disaffected republicans in Belfast that it was militarily unprepared to defend Catholics in 1969.
		The Officials were soon referred to as the Stickies because they stuck adhesive Easter lilies on their coat lapels to mark the annual commemoration of the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin.
		The Official IRA took their guns out in 1975 when a feud developed between them and the Irish National Liberation Army which had split from the Officials.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/troubles/factfiles/ira.shtml (472 words)

	Paramilitary Organizations in Northern Ireland
		The Continuity IRA is opposed to any deal not based on a united Ireland and is dedicated to the removal of all British forces from Northern Ireland.
		In 1969 it split into the Official IRA and the Provisional IRA (the former had adopted a Marxist political ideology and rejected violence while the latter favoured being an armed force).
		Following the Official IRA ceasefire of 1972, the Provisionals became known as the IRA.
	falcon.arts.cornell.edu /dg78/100.3/documents/ira3.htm (856 words)

	WashingtonPost.com: N. Ireland Special Report
		IRA prisoner Bobby Sands begins a hunger strike in Maze Prison near Belfast to protest his status as an ordinary criminal instead of recognition as a political prisoner.
		The IRA declares an end to their cease-fire and explodes a powerful bomb in London's largest office and apartment development, the Docklands.
		The IRA renews its cease-fire in July; Sinn Fein later formally renounces violence and says it is committed to "exclusively peaceful means" to end the conflict, opening the way for its participation in multi-party talks on the future of Northern Ireland.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/nireland/timeline.htm (938 words)

	Wikinfo \| Irish Republican Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It is important to differentiate what is termed the 'Old IRA' or the 'Official IRA' from the Provisional IRA (PIRA), a splinter-group which formed in the late 1960s in the wake of the anti-Catholic pogroms, riots and murders (mainly in Belfast and Derry).
		Over time the Official IRA faded away, the political side discarded its nationalism and became in succession Sinn Féin the Workers Party, the Workers Party, and finally the Democratic Left the most leftist of the parties in the Republic with seats in the Dáil Éireann (though also operating in Northern Ireland).
		From the Old IRA, the paramilitary army of the Irish Republic came a minority who formed the Anti-Treaty IRA, which became the Official IRA, from which broke away the Provisional IRA.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Irish_Republican_Army (1987 words)

	The Ulster Defence Association
		The split in the IRA laid the way open for those within the Irish Republican movement who favoured a return to armed struggle and who were not squeamish about killing members of the Protestant working-class as unlike their Official IRA counterparts the Provos did not believe in the same Marxist ideology.
		The Provisional IRA would in time come to be the dominant faction and this process was helped by the Irish state who did not wish to see a left wing IRA come to prevalence within Ireland, with the prospect of it campaigning against the Fianna Fail government over economic and social issues.
		The Provisional IRA claimed that the BBC van had been mistaken for a British Army land rover but such attempts to justify the murder of Protestant civilians were greeted with skepticism as most people viewed the attack as nothing more than sectarian murder aimed at intimidating the Protestant-Unionist community in Co. Tyrone.
	loyalistcommissionforideologicaleducation.00freehost.com /udahistorypartone.htm (2552 words)

	ipedia.com: Official IRA Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The term "Official IRA" relates to one of the two elements of the Irish Republican Army - the other being the Provisional IRA - that emerged from the ideological split in the Irish Republican movement in 1969-70.
		Many in the Official IRA later called the Provisional IRA the "rosary brigade" because of their Catholic and Romantic Nationalist ideology.
		When the Provisionals (also called the "Provos") split from the Official IRA they took away a lot of experienced volunteers, which deprived the OIRA of some of the operational expertise they would later need during the months after Bloody Sunday which all but finished the OIRA as a paramilitary group.
	www.ipedia.com /official_ira.html (250 words)

	What Is An Ira (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Old IRA: The IRA was the name adopted as the armed section of the self-declared Irish Republic (1919-1922).
		Continuity Irish Republican Army: A breakaway from the Provisional IRA formed in 1986 by those angry with the route being taken by the Adams leadership in the Provisional IRA and Sinn Fein.
		Ira Gershwin was a joyous listener to the sounds of the modern world.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/205/what-is-an-ira.html (1220 words)

	BSI Reports: Week 107: 3-6 Nov 2003
		OIRA 2 said that the national strategy of the Official IRA at the time was one of “defence and retaliation.” He explained this meant they were under orders not to initiate attacks on the army or RUC unless in retaliation for some aggressive act on the part of the security forces.
		When asked whether or not the Official IRA had infiltrated the Civil Rights Association he said he had no knowledge of any infiltration and that the Official IRA were too busy to engage in such a course of action.
		He is recorded as having said the Official IRA fired in an attempt to draw army fire away from the innocent and only after the army had been firing for 20 minutes.
	www.birw.org /bsireports/100_120/report107.html (14910 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Bloody Sunday inquiry - IRA man 'tried to fire at army' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Nottingham-born Reg Tester, who was the Official IRA’s quartermaster on 30 January, 1972, when 13 civilians were shot dead in the Bogside area of Derry, said he lost his cool after hearing about the shootings and attempted to fire an M1 Carbine.
		On the 414th day of the inquiry, which is expected to cost £155 million, he said he left a car containing IRA weapons and made his way to the balcony of a block of flats, where he tried to shoot at the army.
		On the morning of the march, there were two guns missing: a revolver kept by the IRA’s commanding officer and a sporting.303 rifle which was later used to fire at the army.
	news.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=628&id=84392004 (688 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		The goals of the IRA can be summed up by this excerpt of the Irish Declaration of Independence, written in 1919: "We solemnly declare foreign government in Ireland to be an invasion of our natural right which we will never tolerate, and we demand the evacuation of our country by the English Garrison" (Dail Eireann.
		However, while the IRA had theoretically agreed that a peaceful solution was the only option; their actions demonstrated that violence was still a viable option.
		Furthermore, in July 2002 the IRA issued a public apology to the civilian victims of its attacks.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=55 (1251 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 30 \| 1972: Official IRA declares ceasefire
		The official wing of the IRA in Northern Ireland has announced a ceasefire, reserving the right of self-defence against attacks by the British Army and sectarian groups.
		However the Provisional IRA dismissed the truce as having "little effect" on the situation.
		The Official IRA called a ceasefire because its campaign of violence which began in 1968 was proving unpopular in Northern Ireland.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/30/newsid_2973000/2973759.stm (456 words)

	Irish Republican Army (IRA)
		The Official IRA declared a ceasefire in the summer of 1972, and subsequently the term IRA has been used for the organisation that had developed from the 'Provisional' IRA.
		In July 2002, the IRA reiterated its commitment to the peace process and apologized to the families of what it called “non-combatants” who had been killed or injured by the IRA.
		In April 2002, the IRA conducted a second act of arms decommissioning that the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) called “varied” and “substantial.” In late October, however, the IRA suspended contact with the IICD.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/para/ira.htm (897 words)

	RTE News - Former Official IRA members may give Bloody Sunday evidence
		Former members of the Official IRA may now be willing to give evidence to the Bloody Sunday Inquiry if they can remain anonymous.
		The IRA members have agreed to explain their role and orders on the day that 13 people were killed in Derry in January 1972 at the Saville Inquiry if their anonymity is maintained.
		It is now expected that lawyers representing members of the Official IRA will today indicate a willingness to testify if their identities are protected.
	www.rte.ie /news/2001/0212/bloodysunday.html (322 words)

	HUNGER STRIKE COMMEMORATIVE WEB PROJECT
		The IRA organization believed it comprised a legitimate army protecting the Catholic and Nationalist communities, performing the same types of actions and taking on the same symbolic role as the original IRA which had fought the British in the Anglo-Irish War.
		MacStiofain believed that it was necessary to continue the IRA's fight for a united Ireland and for a complete British withdrawal, and his followers continued to see the IRA as a legitimate army which had the obligation to use any means at its disposal to fight the "foreign" domination of Britain.
		The IRA used the incident as propaganda demonstrating the desperation and ruthlessness of Britain, and played on the idea that the protesters had been murdered in cold blood by British soldiers because the protesters got in the way of Britain's colonial war with Ireland.
	larkspirit.com /hungerstrikes/quest.html (1994 words)

	Irish Republican Army - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The Official IRA, the remainder of the IRA after the Provisional IRA seceded in 1969, now apparently inactive in the military sense.
		It is important to differentiate between what is termed the 'Old IRA' and the 'Official IRA' from the Provisional IRA (PIRA), a splinter-group which formed in the late 1960s in the wake of institutionalized anti-Catholic discrimination, riots and murders (mainly in Belfast and Derry).
		After the Official IRA's 1972 ceasefire it and Official Sinn Féin suffered a split in 1974 leading to the formation of the extreme left wing Irish National Liberation Army and the Irish Republican Socialist Party, led by Séamus Costelloe (later assassinated by the Official IRA during a bloody feud).
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/I.R.A. (2427 words)

	United Irelander: Official IRA/UVF Meetings
		In August 1973 a meeting to discuss such issues was held in the West County Hotel outside Dublin, attended by high-powered delegations from both organisations.
		The Official IRA delegation was led by the party leader Thomas MacGiolla and included Goulding and Sean Garland.
		He asked me if we, the Official IRA, would be willing to carry out bank robberies here in the South and they, the UVF would claim them.
	unitedirelander.blogspot.com /2005/03/official-irauvf-meetings.html (624 words)

	Irish Echo Online - News
		In February 1972, the Official IRA tried to murder him -- he was then home affairs minister for the Stormont government -- with weapons taken from that stash.
		As recently as last September, the Officials and the Provisionals confronted each other in Twinbrook in West Belfast in what The Andersonstown News described as a "tense standoff." Earlier in the year, in Newry, the Officials and the Provisionals got involved in a shooting match which left several people injured.
		It accused a prominent Official IRA man who controlled part of the movement's considerable financial resources of being a British informer.
	www.irishecho.com /search/searchstory.cfm?id=2041&issueid=52 (1042 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 411 - 31 October, 1991 - Written Answers. - Official IRA Membership.
		162 and 163 of 22 October 1991 which confirmed the existence of the Official IRA, he will outline the circumstances of the last occasion when a conviction was brought and upheld involving such membership; and if he will make a statement on the matter.
		Burke): What I confirmed in replying to the parliamentary questions referred to by the Deputy was that I had been informed by the Garda authorities that they are satisfied that the Official IRA still exist.
		What is prohibited by the Offences Against the State Act is membership of an unlawful organisation and any organisation — such as the Official IRA — [2326] styling itself the Irish Republican Army — also the IRA and Óglaigh na hÉireann — is declared by order under the Act to be an unlawful organisation.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0411/D.0411.199110310065.html (189 words)

	Intelligence: "Official IRA" Leader Worked With North Korea to Pass Counterfeit Dollars
		The biggest international incident regarding the IRA since the Columbian terrorist training situation.
		Specifically, the indictment says that between December 1997 and July 2000, the seven handled up to $1m of counterfeit $100 bills from North Korean sources and arranged to transport, pass as genuine, or resell the bills in the the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Germany, and elsewhere.
		The leader of the gang, Sean Garland, is referred to in the indictment as "the Chief of Staff” and "Colonel in Chief" of “the old style IRA,” also known as the "Official IRA," the military wing which split off from the political wing of the IRA (the "Provisional IRA") in 1969.
	www.ladlass.com /intel/archives/010311.html (228 words)

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