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Topic: Official Multiculturalism Act

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	Multiculturalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Liberal government of Pierre Trudeaupromulgated the “Announcement of Implementation of Policy of Multiculturalism within Bilingual Framework” in the House of Commons on 8 October 1971, the precurson of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988 passed in 1988.
		While some argue that the shift in official discourse from biculturalism to multiculturalism has had a neutral effect on relations between Quebec and the rest of Canada, McRoberts believes that it was disastrous for Canadian nationalism, as it offended Quebeckers and their a dualistic vision of Canada as a bilingual and bicultural society.
		One of the foremost critics of multiculturalism is Trevor Phillips the chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality and a one-time fl activist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiculturalism (2617 words)

	Multiculturalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Multiculturalism is a policy, that emphasizes the unique characteristics of different cultures in the world, especially as they relate to one another in receiving nations.
		Multiculturalism, along with other identity politics, has, in part, been so successful because it is a useful tool for politicians to win the votes of minority groups.
		While some argue that the shift in official discourse from biculturalism to multiculturalism has had a neutral effect on relations between Quebec and the rest of Canada, McRoberts believes that it was, from a Canadian nationalism viewpoint, disastrous, as it offended Quebeckers and their a dualistic vision of Canada as a bilingual and bicultural society.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Multiculturalism (2111 words)

	Multiculturalism and Canadian Television Broadcasting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The notion of ``multiculturalism,'' which began circulating in Canada in 1971, is commonly used in three senses: as a government policy, as a political ideology of cultural pluralism underpinning the federal policy, and in reference to the ``social reality'' of an ethnically diverse society (Kallen 1982, 51).
		Multiculturalism as a policy, it was stated, symbolized the contradictions between rhetoric and the practical, daily treatment of ethnocultural and racial minorities.
		In responding to the Commission's report, Trudeau officially declared a Canadian multiculturalism policy in 1971, but made it clear in his speech that in his and the government's view language and culture were to be regarded as divisible.
	info.wlu.ca /~wwwpress/jrls/cjc/BackIssues/23.4/roth.html (6504 words)

	Canadian Multiculturalism (93-6e) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Multiculturalism at the policy level is structured around the management of diversity through formal initiatives in the federal, provincial and municipal domains.
		Multiculturalism is thus seen as an attempt to dilute the French fact in Canada, weakening francophone status and threatening the dual partnership of English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians.
		Multiculturalism is blamed for isolating ethno-racial groups in distinct enclaves by fostering an inward-focused mentality that drives a wedge between Canadians of different ethnic backgrounds.
	www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/PRBpubs/936-e.htm (5700 words)

	Multiculturalism
		Multiculturalism is a particularly divisive issue -- "a sweet or bitter mouthful, depending on your sympathies" -- and, in the late 1980s, it fuelled the cannons facing each other in the culture wars, especially the explosive debate on history in the public schools.
		Multiculturalism was already a regular talk-show topic on television and radio (where caricature often wins over equanimity), when the very popular Rush Limbaugh told listeners (24 October 1994) that the history standards, "worked on in secret", were part of the anti-American multicultural agenda and should be flushed "down the sewer of multiculturalism".
		Discussions of multiculturalism for primary and secondary schools apparently caused little anguish and produced extensive work; the bibliography from the 1970s only is enormous.
	webpages.ull.es /users/mmcmahon/textos/multiculturalism.htm (3595 words)

	Notes on Multiculturalism
		A Multiculturalism Act was passed by Parliament and proclaimed in 1988.
		Critics of multiculturalism have identified many problems with it, although this is sometimes due to a confusion among the various meanings and uses of the term.
		The beginning of the development and adoption of multiculturalism at an official or policy level is usually considered to have begun with the appointment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963.
	leroy.cc.uregina.ca /~gingrich/jan2998.htm (2904 words)

	Multiculturalism in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The stated purpose of the multiculturalism policy of 1971 was to encourage members of all ethnic groups in Canada to maintain and share their language and cultural heritage with other Canadians.
		As a result, the policy of multiculturalism expanded to include the combatting of prejudice and discrimination, and the promotion of full and equal participation of ethnic minorities in all aspects of society, including mainstream economic, cultural, and political life.
		The ideal of multiculturalism in Canada poses two desirable outcomes: the survival of ethnic origin groups and their cultures, along with tolerance of this diversity and an absence of prejudice toward ethnic minorities (Weinfeld, 1994).
	www.cpa.ca /cjbsnew/1996/ful_edito.html (5566 words)

	India Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Multiculturalism or cultural pluralism is a policy, ideal, or reality that emphasizes the unique characteristics of different cultures in the world, especially as they relate to one another in immigrant receiving nations.
		Criticizing the policies can be difficult, however, because they can quickly lead to accusations of racism and xenophobia.
		He also argues that cultures are far too complex and must be transmitted through close family and kin relations.
	www.indiaencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Multicultural (2080 words)

	35th Anniversary of the Official Languages Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Passed in 1969 and amended in 1988, the Act proclaims the equality of status, rights and privileges in the use of English and French in all institutions of the Parliament and the Government of Canada.
		This year, Canada’s efforts in multiculturalism and bilingualism were regarded as exemplary by the United Nations in its report entitled World Report on Human Development 2004, Cultural Freedom in a Diversified World.
		Of these, several official language rights can be found in the Charter, including the bilingual nature of the institutions that are part of Parliament and the Government of Canada and the right to minority language education.
	www.ocol-clo.gc.ca /archives/fs_fi/2004/2004-09-07_e.htm (1472 words)

	Human Rights, Citizenship and Multiculturalism Act
		RSA 1980 cI-2 s11;1990 c23 s7;1996 c25 s13 Reasonable and justifiable contravention 11 A contravention of this Act shall be deemed not to have occurred if the person who is alleged to have contravened the Act shows that the alleged contravention was reasonable and justifiable in the circumstances.
		RSA 1980 cI-2 s12 Fund continued 13(1) The Multiculturalism Fund established under the Alberta Multiculturalism Act, SA 1984 cA-32.8, is continued as the Human Rights, Citizenship and Multiculturalism Education Fund.
		RSA 1980 cI-2 s19;1985 c33 s8;1996 c25 s22 Settlement of complaint 21(1) Where the Commission receives a complaint, the director shall, as soon as is reasonably possible, attempt to effect a settlement of the complaint by means of a conciliator or through the appointment of a person to investigate the complaint.
	www.canlii.org /ab/laws/sta/h-14/20040223/whole.html (2234 words)

	About Canada - Multiculturalism in Canada
		This multicultural diversity is a result of centuries of immigration.
		In 1981, federal multiculturalism officials established a unit devoted to race relations in Canada.
		A multicultural policy that is sensitive to the needs of both long-time residents and the newly arrived will probably meet with the greatest success.
	www.mta.ca /faculty/arts/canadian_studies/english/about/multi (2629 words)

	Multiculturalism - Canadian Multiculturalism Act
		An Act for the preservation and enhancement of multiculturalism in Canada
		This Act may be cited as the Canadian Multiculturalism Act.
		The operation of this Act and any report made pursuant to section 8 shall be reviewed on a permanent basis by such committee of the House, of the Senate or of both Houses of Parliament as may be designated or established for the purpose.
	www.pch.gc.ca /progs/multi/policy/act_e.cfm (1367 words)

	Canadian Multiculturalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Multicultural and anti-racist education programs challenge the educational system at all levels to adapt itself to the diversity of its clientele to ensure equity and inclusiveness.
		Their efforts are supported by the Government's multiculturalism programs, which provide financial help and advice to ethnocultural community groups, agencies serving immigrants, immigrant women's groups and race relations coalitions, among others, as well as Canadian institutions and, in some cases, individuals.
		By recognizing multiculturalism as a fundamental characteristic of the country's identity and heritage, Canadians of all cultural origins have the opportunity to contribute to the common goals of equality, national unity, social harmony and economic prosperity.
	web.idirect.com /~visacan/multi.htm (1256 words)

	MULTICULTURALISM FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It devolves responsibility of the public society to its "subsets" which are cultural communities, which responsibility is to integrate individuals experiencing cultural alienation or in need of cultural choices.
		Despite all the criticism, multiculturalism, when coupled with laws favoring the intergration of immigrants into mainstream society, seems to have been successful in Canada.
		It is one of the most diverse and tolerant societies on Earth, and there have been little or no ethnic tensions since the implementation of the multicultral policy.
	www.brolgas.com /multiculturalism (2207 words)

	Multiculturalism
		As someone from a country whose citizens are proud of their multicultural society, I am very pleased to have this opportunity to share some of our experiences and learn from the experiences of other countries.
		A variety of other laws, regulations and policies across government also support the Multiculturalism Act as we strive to ensure that all Canadians are not only able to enjoy access to formal equality but are made to feel equal in their everyday lives.
		Multiculturalism encourages racial and ethnic harmony and cross-cultural understanding, and discourages ghettoization, hatred, discrimination and violence.
	www.pch.gc.ca /progs/multi/pubs/speeches/2003_11_20_e.cfm (1252 words)

	The Dominion: Multiculturalism: It Hurts Us All
		The government made this approach official in 1996 when the national census featured “Canadian” as a possible response to the ethnic origin question for the first time ever.
		The multiculturalism policy, while it embraces folkloric and cultural particularities, does not address issues of, nor guarantee access to the privileges of citizenship to ALL Canadians.
		Multiculturalism, for it to be a meaningful, sincere element of Canadianness, precludes a complete re-evaluation and overhaul of current political infrastructures and cultural models.
	dominionpaper.ca /features/2004/11/06/multicultu.html (1923 words)

	The Official Languages’ Act of Canada - Studies on the Canadian Constitution and Canadian Federalism - Quebec ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bilingual districts might be set up in such areas of Canada where the federal government felt that the percentage of population of the official minority might be sufficiently great to warrant the establishment of bilingual services.
		Section 19 established a Commissioner of Official Languages whose duties are to see that measures are taken so that both languages are recognized, to carry out investigations, to hear complaints and make recommendations to the federal government.
		The Act was unanimously upheld by the court by virtue of the Peace, Order and good Government and Criminal Law and Procedures clauses (91-27).
	www2.marianopolis.edu /quebechistory/federal/ola.htm (379 words)

	Transforming Museum Studies: Educating Museologicsts for Cultural Diversity
		With the first policy statements in 1971, and an official Multiculturalism Act in 1988, the government has come to mirror societal acceptance of cultural pluralism as a fact in the land.
		Some multicultural cultural groups have been involved in museum-like work since the late 1940s – notably the Ukrainian Women’s Museum in Saskatoon – but for the most part culturally diverse reflections of material and aesthetic heritage are only faint images on the mirrors of society reflected in our museological institutions.
		Multiculturalism was once the term but has since received considerable criticism as representing an ideology of modernistic difference but masking a substance that is essentially about homogeneity.
	www.utoronto.ca /mouseia/icom/TransformingMuseumStudies.html (5107 words)

	Multiculturalism in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Some of the issues under fire are the political state's policies concerning multiculturalism, the attitudes of Canadians around these policies, immigration, the global market, and a central point is the education and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people.
		In 1991 the Department of Multiculturalism and Citizenship were contracted to provide public opinion information that was to be used for developing policy, public educations and communications initiatives.
		Multiculturalism policy, on the other hand, is persuasive and has a political accountability mechanism, which is the annual report on implementation that is tabled before a House of Commons committee.
	www.onlineessays.com /essays/issues/iss114.php (3401 words)

	Multiculturalism
		It wasn´t until the late 1960´s that real changes in policies and attitudes were developed to recognize the multicultural contributions.
		It was the 60´s Cultural Revolution that influenced the government in its pursuit to define Canada as a multicultural society.
		The Official Languages Act in 1969 which gave the French and English languages equal status proved the government´s emphasis on Canada being a bi-cultural society.
	www.academicdb.com /multiculturalism_1410 (389 words)

	How the Ford Foundation Created Multiculturalism
		As the session adjourned and the participants got ready to leave for a multicultural reception at the Asia-Pacific Center across the street from the Doubletree ("an important meeting place for the cultures of East and West"), it was hard not to feel a sense of unreality.
		Ford's ramrod in multiculturalism is its vice president Susan Berresford, whom the Chronicle describes as "dogged in her efforts." According to administrators who have dealt with Ford, Berresford often calls applicants on the carpet about their percentages to bully them into conformity.
		Therefore, students were encouraged to report on one another as one way of providing the university "with tools to begin the process of removing racism and sexism from ourselves and our institution." Department heads were ordered to report periodically on racist and sexist attitudes among their colleagues and students.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=11674 (4296 words)

	Multiculturalism Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Where accuracy is critical, please consult official sources.
		1 This Act may be cited as the Multiculturalism Act.
		(c) encouraging the continuation of a multicultural society as a mosaic of different ethnic groups and cultures.
	www.gov.ns.ca /Legi/legc/statutes/multicul.htm (435 words)

	BILL 39 -- 1993: MULTICULTURALISM ACT
		1 In this Act "council" means the Advisory Council on Multiculturalism continued as the Multicultural Advisory Council under section 4 (1).
		4 (1) The Advisory Council on Multiculturalism is continued as the Multicultural Advisory Council.
		5 (1) The role of the council is to advise the minister on issues respecting multiculturalism and to perform any other duties or functions specified by the minister.
	www.legis.gov.bc.ca /1993/3RD_READ/GOV39-3.htm (849 words)

	Planning for Global Museum Work Shifts: Teather, Van Mensch & Fayle
		Canada developed the concept of official multiculturalism in the late 1960s in response to limits seen in its policy of two founding nations (English and French), and to the developing consciousness of other cultures’ and First Nations’ requests for recognition in cultural policy.
		[6] Some multicultural cultural groups have been involved in museum-like work since the late 1940s – notably the Ukrainian Women’s Museum in Saskatoon – but for the most part culturally diverse reflections of material and aesthetic heritage are only faint images on the mirrors of society reflected in our museological institutions.
		[9] Multiculturalism was once the term but has since received considerable criticism as representing an ideology of modernistic difference but masking a substance that is essentially about homogeneity.
	www.city.ac.uk /ictop/teather-2001.html (5609 words)

	info: IMMIGRATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bush assures Arizonans on illegal immigration - illegal immigration puts on border states and federal officials are working hard to maintain the understands the challenges of illegal immigration and will work with Arizona Gov.
		August 29, 2005 EL MIRAGE, Ariz. Bush said Monday he understands the burden illegal immigration puts on border states such as Arizona and Arizona has borne the brunt of the illegal immigration problem for years.
		Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently.
	www.digital-innovations.net /Immigration (1646 words)

	Canadian Race Relations Foundation Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		(3) No act of the Foundation, including any transfer of property to or by the Foundation, is invalid by reason only that the act is contrary to this Act or the by-laws of the Foundation.
		The Foundation shall be deemed, for the purposes of the Income Tax Act, to be a registered charity within the meaning of that Act.
		This Act shall come into force on a day to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.
	lois.justice.gc.ca /en/C-21.8/text.html (2472 words)

	Multiculturalism
		This inquiry into bias and prejudice is designed to help students make the transition from secondary to higher education.
		Ultimately, Rudy is able to honor his big brother, and his people with a life-affirming act of defiance.
		Multiculturalism in the United States: a comparative guide to acculturation and ethnicity.
	www.ccm.edu /library/subweb_multiculturalism.htm (8204 words)

	Immigration - Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This site is hosted by the Immigration and Multiculturalism Division of Manitoba Labour and Immigration.
		This Division also identifies issues affecting the multicultural community and ensures the principles of The Manitoba Multiculturalism Act are reflected in government priorities and activities.
		Minister Allan is also the Minister responsible for Multiculturalism, Minister responsible for the Workers Compensation Board and Minister responsible for the Status of Women.
	www.gov.mb.ca /labour/immigrate (272 words)

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