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Topic: Official bilingualism

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	Petition to end Official Bilingualism: Stop the waste and discrimination Petition
		Official Bilingualism has been imposed on the people of Canada, without permission obtained by way of a national referendum.
		We demand that, before this policy of Official Bilingualism is further funded and promoted across Canada, the people of Canada be asked permission, by way of a national referendum.
		The Petition to end Official Bilingualism: Stop the waste and discrimination Petition to The Federal Government of Canada was created by All the people of Canada and written by Kim McConnell (admin@languagefairness.ca).
	www.petitiononline.com /ottawa/petition.html (742 words)

	The Two Official Languages and the Economy...
		The bilingual rural communities are, to say the least, small, just as Manitoba, in relation to Canada is small (4% of the population of Canada in 1991).
		Bilingualism must not be a separate issue; it must be an important and vital element of all issues and programs.
		Today, as members of the Association des municipalités bilingues du Manitoba, they have shown that they really want to participate in the economic growth of their community and that bilingualism is a factor that gives their community a great advantage for this growth.
	www.pch.gc.ca /progs/lo-ol/perspectives/english/econo/part4b.htm (2628 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for bilingualism
		Few bilinguals are equally proficient in both languages.
		The Bilingual Education Act (1968), combined with a Supreme Court decision (1974) mandating help for students with limited English proficiency, requires instruction in the native languages of students.
		If it walks like un canard: Ottawa residents say creeping bilingualism is being substituted for the official kind.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=bilingualism (409 words)

	[No title]
		Bilingualism carries articles and research notes on all aspects of the bilingual person, and is published three times a year.
		Official bilingualism in various forms dates back to Canadian Confederation in 1867, when the British North America Act allowed both French and English for parliamentary debates and federal court cases.
		Bilingualism is not merely a "nice" addition to curriculum, but community enhancement the authors and contributors to this volume insist.
	www.lycos.com /info/bilingualism--languages.html (569 words)

	Research Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Public support for bilingualism in Canada fell in the early 1990s at the time of the economic recession and the national unity crisis unleashed by the failure of the Charlottetown Accord and the subsequent election of a separatist government in Quebec.
		Thus the support for bilingualism as a policy is not being translated into commitment to the practice of bilingualism at the level of individual citizens.
		Bilingualism is perceived as being an aspect of Canada’s commitment to diversity, which is arguably an important reason why it remains important to many Canadians, including immigrants and Allophones.
	www.ocol-clo.gc.ca /symposium/documents/parkin/parkin_e.html (1518 words)

	Justifying the End of Official Bilingualism: Canada’s North-West Assembly and the Dual Language Question, 1889-1892
		Official bilingualism was not, then, the result of a legitimate agreement; it was an inappropriate measure adopted under duress.
		Official bilingualism was an established practice in administrative, legislative and judicial matters; linguistic duality was a guiding principle in administrative, legislative and judicial appointments.
		Both Cayley and Haultain justified their proposals for an end to official bilingualism with the assertion that it was a simple question of economy.
	www.ualberta.ca /~eaunger/pubs/Justifying2001.htm (6513 words)

	Canadians for Language Fairness HomePage
		For the first time since the Official Languages Act was passed, a class action complaint to the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages was delivered, on Oct. 28—the date marking the eve of the 10th anniversary of the last Quebec referendum.
		The Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages estimates that bilingualism costs for 2003–04 were $656 million, noting that the figures are limited to funds allocated to federal official language programs ($370 million), programs delivered to Canadians ($265 million) and expenditures by the commissioner’s office ($21 million).
		Official bilingualism adds enormous costs to everything from legislation to the mandated bilingual description on a box of breakfast cereal.
	www.languagefairness.ca /docs/MediaSupport.htm (8900 words)

	The official languages in Canada: federal policy (93-8E)
		This means that opposition to so-called official bilingualism has crystallized into a perception that bilingualism is imposed on all Canadians; however, since the obligations under the Official Languages Act apply first and foremost to federal institutions, the federal approach to official languages is based on the principle of institutional bilingualism.
		Official language majority and official language minority are defined in relation to the total population of a province or territory.
		The measures announced target key institutions in areas of intervention that are vital to official language minority communities and that have the greatest impact on their development, notably institutions involved in the areas of economic, human resource and cultural development.
	dsp-psd.communication.gc.ca /Collection-R/LoPBdP/CIR/938-e.htm (5212 words)

	Official Languages and Parliament (PRB 06-28E) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As not all parliamentarians are bilingual, a system of simultaneous interpretation was introduced in 1959 as a result of a motion(4) by Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, thus enabling all members to speak the official language of their choice and to be understood by all members of the House.
		Given the importance of ensuring respect for every person’s right to use the official language of his or her choice and to be understood within an appropriate period of time, this practice, whether or not it enjoys constitutional protection, is now essential to the proper operation of Parliament.
		Official language status was granted to English and French in the Official Languages Act, 1969,(22) but that principle had not yet received constitutional protection.
	www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/PRBpubs/prb0628-e.htm (3769 words)

	cric.ca - Canada's Portal - Opinion Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By Andrew Parkin, Ph.D. In her recent annual report, Dyane Adam, Canada’s Commissioner of Official Languages, insists that “linguistic duality is a fundamental Canadian value”, and she cites CRIC survey data to support her assertion.
		Perhaps the best news for supporters of bilingualism is that the policy is more strongly supported by young people than any other age group – an indication that it is not only those who came of age during the Trudeau era who have bought in.
		Thus, when the Official Languages Commissioner speaks of linguistic duality as a fundamental Canadian value, she is indeed speaking of a value shared from coast to coast.
	www.cric.ca /en_html/opinion/opv4n38.html (1524 words)

	The Press Republican - Bilingualism and politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While Adam may have concerns about the Conservatives' commitment to bilingualism, she has also had harsh things to say about the party that is identified with the program.
		In the early years of her mandate, Adam attacked the government of Jean Chretien for sacrificing bilingual services in the quest to slash the deficit.
		It was partly because of Adam's criticism that the federal government in 2003 decided to actually enforce the Official Languages Act and compel bureaucrats to pass the French proficiency tests their posts required.
	www.pressrepublican.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060519/OPINION02/605190304 (701 words)

	Singapore : Multilingualism and Multiculturalism
		Embedded here is a general theory which provides a great deal of justification for the policy of national bilingualism or multilingualism in Singapore : English is seen as the language of technology and management, and the Asian languages as the carriers of cultural values.
		We may derive from this principle that no amount of official bilingualism would create the desired form of multiculturalism : this would be to place the cart in front of the horse.
		Only by creating a kind of society in which genuine bilingualism is actually perceived to be desirable and necessary will this come about.
	library.thinkquest.org /26477/spore4.htm (671 words)

	Freedom Party International - Issue Paper - Official Bilingualism
		Recognizing this, it becomes apparent that unless "official bilingualism" is abandoned in favour of freedom of choice in language, the future of English-French relations in Canada will be doomed to a bitter never-ending political conflict resulting in increased intolerance, division, racism, and even violence.
		Similarly, forced bilingualism (French) is now coming to Ontario despite the fact that the population of Ontario is comprised of individuals of every imaginable ethnic and linguistic background.
		But it is important to realize that "official bilingualism" would never have become a political issue in the first place if more voters became concerned with restricting the actions of their governments rather than with giving their governments more power to continue restricting the actions of citizens.
	www.freedomparty.org /issupapr/1biling.htm (1010 words)

	Report on the Symposium on Official Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He found that Albertans know that bilingualism is important for business and culture and 99 percent of the people he spoke to in his community wanted their children to learn a second language.
		Bilingualism is often defined in purely Canadian terms, but learning a second language gives one the ability to appreciate another culture, different values and lifestyles, and generally broadens one's horizons.
		People who have bilingual high school diplomas have done the right thing, but it does not guarantee automatic entry into the workplace or that their bilingualism will be an advantage to them.
	www.ocol-clo.gc.ca /symposium/documents/report_rapport/rport_e.html (15387 words)

	The Seattle Times: Opinion: Think Canada's the place to be? Think again (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Official bilingualism — This is what most of the taxes pay for.
		Canada is officially bilingual and that means everything must be in French and English.
		Affirmative action in the name of official bilingualism has resulted in a great deal of conflict.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/opinion/2001812740_meeks12.html (742 words)

	Tories testing official bilingualism, critics say (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But Josee Verner, the Minister responsible for official languages, said she is waiting for an internal government review of the training program before deciding on its future.
		In 2004, the former Liberal government introduced the new policy that forces public servants who hold bilingual positions to prove their proficiency in both official languages.
		Nearly 40% of the jobs in the public service are bilingual, but many of the workers couldn't meet the requirements and were forced to take the training.
	www.canada.com /nationalpost/story.html?id=b506de32-a7d3-4343-bb7b-811c77c574cf (373 words)

	U.S. ENGLISH, Inc.: Towards a United America - "); document.write(month + '/' + now.getDate() + '/' + ...
		Official English would not affect languages spoken in the home
		Official English legislation is currently pending in Congress
		The Canadian Government estimates that it spends three cents per Canadian per day on official bilingualism every year.
	www.us-english.org /inc/official/quiz (394 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Features - Official Bilingualism in Canada - History of Canadian Language Politics
		MPs could debate in either language, and the official record of the debates (Hansard) was written in both official languages.
		Section 133 established both English and French as the official languages of the Quebec legislature and Courts; the same conditions applied to Manitoba when it entered Confederation in 1870.
		Despite this fact, in its final report the Commission chose not to recommend policies that would promote two unilingual regions, where the primary language in Quebec was French and the primary language in the rest of the country was English.
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/cultural/bilingualism/history.html (656 words)

	[No title]
		"Institutional bilingualism" refers to the capacity of state institutions to operate in 2 languages and should not be confused with a requirement that everyone be bilingual.
		The development of the bilingual and bicultural nature of the Canadian federation soon experienced setbacks, partly as a result of the uneven application of principles and partly from a simple lack of linguistic tolerance.
		The principles of NB law establishing the equality of its 2 official language communities were enshrined in the Charter in 1993.
	www.canadianembassy.org /education/CultureIEW.doc (7197 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Features - Official Bilingualism in Canada
		The Action Plan is the latest in a series of federal initiatives that include the 1969 Official Languages Act, the revised 1988 Act, and the entrenchment of linguistic minority rights in the 1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
		When asked, “Are you for or against the development of bilingualism throughout Canada?” seventy percent of respondents in the Atlantic Provinces voted yes.
		On the other hand, respondents in the prairie provinces were split almost evenly down the middle: forty-five percent of respondents favored the development of bilingualism, while forty-one percent were opposed.
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/cultural/bilingualism (332 words)

	Confusing and conflicting agendas: Federalism, official languages and the development of the bilingualism in education ...
		The Bilingualism in Education Program began in 1970 as a federal government initiative to promote official minority language education and second-language instruction in the provinces.
		Francophones in the English-speaking provinces and anglophones in Quebec have access to school systems that operate in their own mother tongue; however, official bilingualism in Canada is a relatively recent phenomenon.
		From 1912 to 1929, in the era of Regulation 17, teaching in the French language was banned in the province of Ontario.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_200104/ai_n8948582 (796 words)

	EServer TC Library: Official Bilingualism Has Its Costs--and Opportunities
		Since the inception of Canada's Official Languages Act in 1968, official bilingualism is estimated to have cost Canadians approximately $60 billion.
		And these figures do not take into account the cost of publishing bilingual documents and providing bilingual services at the provincial and municipal levels, or similar costs incurred by private enterprises.
		While these statistics periodically provoke intense debate in Canada on whether this is money well spent, the fact is that this country's bilingualism requirements have been a boon to at least one group of people employed in the communications field: French-language translators.
	tc.eserver.org /13605.html (167 words)

	[No title]
		The decision of parents whose native language is English to raise their child bilingually prompted a review of the literature concerning approaches to fostering infant bilingualism.
		The concluding section of the review offers 17 guidelines parents might adopt in their endeavor to foster bilingualism in their young children.
		Specifically, changes were noticeable in the speech of the subject’s native tongue, Arabic, as he went through the process of acquiring his second language, English.
	www.lycos.com /info/bilingualism--english-canada.html (452 words)

	Language Policy -- Canards
		In 1978, Hawai`i adopted both English and Native Hawaiian as its official languages – that is, official bilingualism, which contradicts everything the English Only movement represents.
		Official English measures have been declared unconstitutional by state courts in Alaska and
		Massachusetts, another state claimed by Official English advocates on the basis of a casual (and uninformed) statement by a state court in 1975, has never had such a law.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/JWCRAWFORD/canards.htm (449 words)

	PROMOTING FRENCH-ENGLISH INDIVIDUAL BILINGUALISM THROUGH EDUCATION IN CAMEROON Journal of Third World Studies - Find ...
		This paper first examines language in education in the country, then reviews attempts made by the state to promote bilingualism in education and lastly proposes a redefinition of the policy of official bilingualism.
		Some promoted an indigenous language to official status, like Kiswahili in Tanzania and Arabic in Tunisia; these countries are termed 'endoglottic' by Brann.2 Some adopted an indigenous language and a foreign language as their joint official languages, like Burundi (French and Kirundi) and Lesotho (English and Sotho); these countries are called 'mixoglottic'.
		This choice was consolidated with the stipulation in the country's constitution that the State shall guarantee the promotion of French-English bilingualism throughout the nation, which is what it has been trying to do in various domains of public life.8 This explains why English and French happened to jointly have official status in Cameroon.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200504/ai_n13642809 (926 words)

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