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	Ogam - ogham inscriptions, trees, plant lore, druids and celts...
		Branch ogam was usually carved on a branch of the specific tree it is related to, the way it is inscribed is in the same vein as the stave version.
		This is the most commonly used for divination purposes, for those of you that wish to create your own ogam set, gently collect a branch from the specific plant, stave the end of slightly and carve into the exposed wood.
		Finger ogam was perhaps the most secret, because certain fingers related to specific letters/associations druids could pass secret messages by touching anothers hand in a certain way or by holding an object.
	www.uponreflection.co.uk /ogham/alphabet.htm (255 words)

	Ogam: The Writeen Language of the Celts
		Ogam: A form of writing in which the letters are represented by combinations of parallel strokes in number from one to five, set in varied positions along a central stemline.
		Ogam is the 'occult manner of writing used by the ancient Irish', according to the Highland Society of Scotland's Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (1828).
		Ogam characters are also found on the Isle of Man and in the north and east of Scotland.
	www.celticlife.org /celticism/ogham.html (453 words)

	Ogam Script - Crystalinks
		Ogam is the oldest form of writing in Ireland and Scotland.
		Damien McManus, at Trinity College, Dublin, suggested that the Ogam script had its origin in the scoring of the tally stick, a knife cut for each count, a V for five scores, an "X" for ten etc. From this simple beginning the system was only an inventor's step away from writing.
		It may well be that all the authors who suggested origins for Ogam were right, that all the places mentioned and all the different uses over the ages played a role in the development of the script.
	www.crystalinks.com /ogam.html (707 words)

	Ogam Students: Ogam Reading List
		These are two of several ogam tracts from original sources, and are essential for understanding the medieval ogam tradition in Ireland.
		He was one of the original researchers of ogam, and much scholarship has passed under the bridge since his works were first published.
		This is a lengthy study of obscure Irish languages that includes a good bit of information about ogam as medieval code work, and a discussion of Bog-Latin or "ogamized Irish." Worth wading through the ogam chapter if you're fascinated by cryptography and codes.
	www.seanet.com /~inisglas/ogamreading.html (497 words)

	OGAM_Eng
		OGAM participated in a march on the 30th of January to support the efforts of those asking the US Congress by the Guatemalan community to obtain permanent residence.
		OGAM proposed to the authorities of the city to do a clean up drive of the streets as a civic contribution on the part of the Hispanic community to the city of Georgetown.
		OGAM prepared and submitted the necessary documents necessary in order to request a "Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN)" which would allow the organization to be able to perform various financial functions, including filing tax information.
	www.housingforall.org /ogam_eng.htm (968 words)

	A Guide to Ogam by Damian McManus
		"[Ogam] is not", he writes, "the creation of a dilettante whiling away his leisure time toying with ciphers, but a carefully planned and co-ordinated writing system designed as a vehicle for a language with a phonemic structure of its own".
		In dealing with the internal structure of the Ogam alphabet, McManus explains that the distinguishing characteristics are: "the inventory of phonemes to which it caters, the sequence in which they are arranged alphabetically and the names which they bear".
		Hence it is a convenient distinction to refer to the original Ogam alphabet as monumental Ogam, and to the later Scholastic Ogam as manuscript Ogam.
	ogham.lyberty.com /other_sites/review-mcmanus.html (1339 words)

	[No title]
		The Ogam version is clearly contemporary with, and by the same author as, the central Phoenician inscription, as it is now disclosed to be a contracted version of the latter.
		AO diphthong of Ogam has precisely the same form of inter-crossing strokes as one of the three Sumerian signs all rendered tentatively as U, but one of which was suspected to be O or diphthong U (compare Langdon, Sumerian Grammar, 35-37).
		X or Kh in Sumerian generally resembles the letter X in Ogam, which is disclosed by the Phoenician version to have the sound of Kh or X. W.E.H., pl. 27, in lowest line between the paws of the Lion of Marash.
	www.jrbooksonline.com /pob/pob_ch05.html (1006 words)

	W&B Scientific - OGAM: Exploration of Hash Tables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		OGAM has set a precedent for the visualization of RPCs, and we that expect cyberinformaticians will investigate OGAM for years to come.
		Our experiences with OGAM and 802.11b disconfirm that Scheme and e-commerce are rarely incompatible [4,12,6,10].
		OGAM has set a precedent for cooperative communication, and we that expect electrical engineers will visualize OGAM for years to come.
	wbsci.org /Miscellaneous/2609/OGAM-Exploration-of-Hash-Tables.html (1772 words)

	Decoding and Translating Ogam
		Ogam is a script found in Ireland and Scotland, inscribed mostly on stone but also on bone, ivory, bronze and silver objects.
		Dr. Anthony Jackson[1] of Edinburgh University studied the inscriptions in Scotland and wrote: "It is clear that the Ogam inscriptions are numerically based and not linguistic." (p.153).
		Ogam used the first three letters of these Basque words, with the VCVs linked together by the vowels, just like Basque words e.g: ohitura (custom), composed of three VCVs: ohi-itu-ura, note the vowels on either side of the hyphens are the same; ohi (habit) itungaitz (disagreeable) urratu (to break).
	www.viewzone.com /ogam222.html (1200 words)

	Linguistic Analysis of Some Purported Irish Ogham (Ogam) Petroglyphs in West Virginia
		Ogam consonants were formed by cutting from one to five short perpendicular lines above or below or across the stem line.
		Fell next addresses the fact that identifying Ogam consonants depends entirely on the grouping of perpendicular lines; yet those on the walls of the West Virginia rock shelter are not grouped at all.
		His immediate response was that the markings were in Ogam and that the first sentence on the Wyoming cave wall translated: "At the time of sunrise a ray grazes the notch on the left side on Christmas Day" (Gallagher, 1983; 7-8).
	cwva.org /ogam_rebutal/wirtz.html (3461 words)

	File: <whatogam
		The fact that not a single one of these scripts in Ireland and Scotland had been successfully translated is not so much the fault of the monks who wrote the texts, as of our linguists, all of whom assumed that the language of the script was Gaelic.
		Whatever its early history, the form of the Ogam script we know today was certainly developed in Ireland.
		There are indeed Ogam grave stone inscriptions in Ireland but they appear to be in the minority.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/bronze/whatogam.htm (754 words)

	Ogam
		The alphabet is believed to originate with Ogma, prince of the Tuatha de Danaan, during the reign of Bres in the late fourth millennium B.C. The name 'Ogam' is thought to be a corruption of 'Ogmaan', meaning 'of Ogma'.
		Nyland says that Ogam really originated in north Africa, and that the name is derived from the words 'property of the Goddess' in Euskaric.
		Ogam inscriptions found in Europe record a Euskaric language similar to Basque, and Nyland claims that Euskaric was stifled in Ireland when the indigenous monks were replaced.
	www.angelfire.com /home/thefaery3/ogam.html (359 words)

	Ogam Marketing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ogam is an ancient symbol alphabet used by the Celts for secret communication and divination.
		Ogam is a very complex language capable of many different subtle layers, some of which are lost to us.
		Through its associations with trees, elements and different colours, one word could mean several things, and in the hands of a true bard, many political undercurrents could be construed that could crush the mightiest conqueror.
	www.ogam-marketing.com (97 words)

	Ogam And Martyrological Wheels
		The Ogam Wheel is a rotary calculating device that calculates an approximate moon phase for a date in a 13-month Celtic Tree Calendar.
		Charles Moyer's original notes about the Ogam wheel and pictures are at ogindex.html to which I have added a caveat about leap days and the 19-year cycle.
		Whereas, the Ogam wheel has its sacrifice periods beginning at different positions on the outer wheel, the martyrological wheel has its sacrifice periods beginning at the same position on the outer wheel within each year.
	the-light.com /cal/kp_ogmar.html (1198 words)

	Translating Ogam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Ogam texts in books such as the Auraicept and on the petroglyphs in West Virginia are written in the horizontal literary tradition.
		The monks obviously were not very happy to be forced to use the "heathen" Ogam script, but had nothing quite as ingenious, concise and useful to replace it with, until they had invented their new Celtic language.
		In analyzing Ogam inscriptions and names or words, especially those from which too many vowels have been removed, it may be helpful to know which consonants are easier to decode than others.
	www.kealey.net /content/linguist/translat.html (2690 words)

	Irish ogam-stones and cross-pillars
		When ogam writing was introduced (probably to Ireland from Wales, though perhaps it was the other way round, or yet again, simultaneous) just before Christianity arrived, some long-standing stones were used for inscriptions which were mostly memorials of named people.
		Ogam, essentially notches, was admirably designed for carving by adze or axe on beams and large chunks of wood as well as by chisel or even axe on stone.
		Cross-inscribed ogam stones are usually associated with Celtic monasteries which, before the Westernisation of the Coptic-inspired Irish church (which was not completed until long after the Normans were invited over), were run by hereditary abbots.
	www.irishmegaliths.org.uk /pillarstones2.htm (397 words)

	Prehistoric WV
		Twenty years of research leads to the conclusion that the same disciplines and tools were employed to create Ogam glyphs and Christian symbols (Chi-Rho) on rock faces in both southern West Virginia and southern Ireland.
		Research indicated the markings were an ancient alphabet known as Ogam (or Ogham), found in the British Isles, especially Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
		Ogam has commonly been found on corner edges of tombstones, not on rock formations.
	www.prehistoricplanet.com /wv/features/petroglyphs/index.htm (512 words)

	Irish In America before Columbus Ida Jane Gallagher Barry Fell
		He tells us that the first Ogam message ever written was the work of a magician named Ogmios, and that it was a warning sent to Lug informing him of a plot to abduct his wife.
		The ancient Ogam Consaine inscriptions of Ireland are found mainly in that country's northern section, and there are others of similar type in parts of Scotland.
		An example is the line of Ogam slashes visible on the capstone of the Bronze Age cromlech (grave monument) at Castlederg, in County Tyrone.
	www.aislingmagazine.com /aislingmagazine/articles/TAM17/Columbus.html (1821 words)

	AR14 - AMERICA'S ANCIENT WRITERS By Donald Cyr
		One Colorado example, in vowelless Ogam, explains roughly, The sun is six months in the north and six months in the south.
		Another Ogam player was Dr. Don Rickey, whose specialty as a historian covered American horse soldiers during the so-called Indian Wars.
		One effort related to the supposed Ogam located in Southeastern Colorado resulted in a series of 180 photographs being published in an album.
	www.atlantisrising.com /issue14/ar14amerwriters.html (1337 words)

	Ogam - ogham inscriptions, trees/plant lore, druids and celts...
		Ogam - ogham inscriptions, trees/plant lore, druids and celts...
		Over the next few pages you will find information on ogam and the different ways it was utilised as well as a little history on the celts and the druids.
		There is also sections on trees, plantlore and stones with examples of ogam inscribed upon them.
	www.uponreflection.co.uk /ogham/index.htm (129 words)

	File: <whatogam
		It was adopted and further developed by the first Gnostic monks in Ireland around 350 A.D. Our earliest information indicates an uncertainty as to where Ogam came from.
		Ogma Mac Elathan who is said to have been skilled in speech and poetry and to have created the system as proof of his intellectual ability and with the intention that it should be the preserve of the learned, to the exclusion of rustics and fools"
		Over 600 Ogam inscriptions are known from Ireland (collected by R.A.S. Macalister), some 40 from Scotland (A.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/nyland/whatogam0.htm (759 words)

	author, title
		Ogam (or Ogham), the ancient Celtic Tree Alphabet, is believed to have been developed very early, perhaps even before coming into use by the Druids.
		I highly recommend Ogam: The Celtic Oracle of the Trees to anyone with an interest in the spiritual aspects of the ancient "tree alphabet," understanding that it is much more than a means of written communication.
		Monroe gives his story of the Ogam symbols and the original Boibeloth through a fictionalized tale loosely based on "Battle of the Trees." He details the representations in Welsh, English, and Irish (the symbols do vary, as well as the various statuses of the individual trees).
	www.greenmanreview.com /book/book_mountford_ogam.html (1041 words)

	Ogam, secret Celtic writing system at Inyo
		It is obvious that the usage of Ogam predated the era of the Romans.
		All three sources either directly or indirectly attribute the existence of the Ogam alphabet to time periods prior to the advent of Roman authority thus demonstrating the error of the fourth century invention claim by Oxford scholars.
		Most ogam writings in Europe were destroyed during the "dark ages." Acting on orders to destroy all remnants of Celtic Druidism as "works of the devil," anything identifiable as the work of a Druid was put to the hammer and obliterated or damaged beyond any recognition.
	www.equinox-project.com /ogamx.htm (1210 words)

	Rambles: Paul Rhys Mountfort, Ogam, the Celtic Oracle of the Trees: Understanding, Casting & Interpreting the Ancient ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In Ogam, the Celtic Oracle of the Trees, Paul Rhys Mountfort presents his complicated topic in a book that is at once scholarly, accessible and practical.
		Next, he offers elaborations and word Ogams on the name, then offers a visualization, an analysis of the meanings of the Ogam that are also distilled into keywords, natural characteristics, storylines featuring the tree (or plant) and a section on related folklore and magic.
		Furthermore, Mountfort's overall approach is not that there is only one way to cast Ogams or even create a set for oneself; rather, one should follow the way that seems to suit best.
	www.rambles.net /mountfort_ogam02.html (306 words)

	[No title]
		Even respecting the Ogam inscription no two of the essaying translators were agreed in their readings.
		The disagreement between the various attempted interpretations of the Ogam version was owing to the unusual absence of divisions or spaces between most of its series of strokes, owing to their overcrowding through want of space; for different numerical groupings of these Ogam letter-strokes yield totally different letters.
		Ogam Iddaiqnnn vor-renni "Iddaiqnnn son of Vor- ci Osist.
	www.jrbooksonline.com /pob/pob_ch03.html (887 words)

	Celtic Wisdom Sticks: An Ogam Oracle (sticks & book set) by Caitlin Matthews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		With 20 ogam woods plus indicator stick, hessian bag, and 96 pp.
		Each of these ancient 'woods' is inscribed with a letter of the ancient ogam alphabet.
		Each letter in this alphabet rrepresents a particular tree energy, and so the sticks are imbued with the lore and wisdom of the trees, as well as the magick and folklore of authentic Celtic tradition.
	www.sevenrays.com /catalog/describe?1859060536 (184 words)

	Sandstone memorial slab carved with Ogam script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This rough sandstone slab is inscribed in ogam script along the vertical edges.
		The basic twenty-six ogam letters are formed by groups of lines and notches cut on a stem line.
		Ogam script was invented in southern Ireland around AD 400 and was used for simple inscriptions to record names and kin-groups in early Irish.
	www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk /compass/ixbin/goto?id=OBJ9027 (350 words)

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