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Topic: Ogoni

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

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	Oil: the curse of the Ogoni
		The traditional lifestyle of the Ogoni is based on fishing in the river waters and farming yams and cassava on the fertile land of the delta.
		The Ogoni proved capable of uniting a large group of people and it would be to their benefit to expand that unity to other tribes.
		Ogoni people are still furious with Shell and have been accused of vandalizing the pipeline and chasing away workers who come to make repairs.
	www.umich.edu /~snre492/cases_03-04/Ogoni/Ogoni_case_study.htm (2461 words)

	Bala Usman, History and the Niger Delta By By Ben Naanen
		Ogoni is about one of the few groups in the Eastern Delta that share few cultural and linguistic commonalties with their neighbours.
		Ogoni’s fiercely independent disposition in historical times is abundantly attested to by the traditions of its neighbours and European records, which also emphasize the people’s reputation for hostility to outsiders.
		The periodic eruption of hostilities between sections of the Andoni and the Ogoni is twentieth century phenomenon.
	www.waado.org /NigerDelta/Essays/BalaUsman/BenNaanen.html (3595 words)

	Ken Saro-Wiwa / Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) - Nigeria - 1994 Right Livelihood Award Recipient
		To combat these effects the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) was set up in 1990 as the umbrella organisation for a number of broad-based organisations addressing the needs of Ogoni women, youth, churches, teachers, students and other professionals.
		The first of these were set out in the Ogoni Bill of Rights, drafted by MOSOP in 1990, which expressed Ogoni determination to secure their political, economic and environmental rights.
		In January 1993, to mark the start of the UN Year of Indigenous People, 300,000 Ogoni people demonstrated peacefully in favour of their demands, but the Nigerian government responded to the Ogoni mobilisation with brutal repression.
	www.rightlivelihood.org /recip/saro-wiwa.htm (498 words)

	UNPO
		The Ogoni are an agricultural and fishing society, living in close-knit rural communities in one of the most densely populated areas of Africa.
		A second theory is that the Ogoni came in boats from Ghana and settled in the southern part of the area.
		Ogoni: Addendum to the MOSOP Shadow Report to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD)Shadow Report on Nigeria's Compliance with the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Form of Racial DiscriminationsMore Ogoni reports
	www.unpo.org /member_profile.php?id=43 (952 words)

	The Ogoni experience
		Ogoni realised that she was being milked dry to sustain and build the other dry lands into cities of international repute.
		The Ogoni women meet in the forests to pray at nights in the face of repression after long distance trekking in small groups from their villages to avoid attracting the attention of the "occupation army" in Ogoni.
		Ogoni and the Ijaw of the Niger Delta are mainly farmers and fishermen.
	www.maanystavat.fi /oil/oileng/charity.htm (2556 words)

	A rose for Ogoni 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		By the time the Ogoni Nine were executed in November 1995, Gen. Sani Abacha and his murderous henchmen were just then emerging from their lair and transmuting into rampaging demons that would unleash a wave of arson and point-blank assassinations.
		Indeed, so forsaken were the Ogoni Four, that it could be detected from the sub-text of the Saro-Wiwa campaigners that the Ogoni Four, who had met with brutal deaths, were somehow responsible for the fate of the Ogoni Nine, a bizarre culpability that further injured the memories of the Ogoni Four.
		In the case of the Ogoni Nine, the crux of the global fury was that they had not received a fair and just trial, having been arraigned and convicted under the provisions of the Civil Disturbances (Special Tribunal) Decree of 1987.
	nigerdeltacongress.com /articles/a_rose_for_ogoni_13.htm (1109 words)

	Flames of Shell Nigeria
		This poverty, and the shocking pollution throughout the region drove the Ogoni to demand environmental justice.
		The Ogoni right to a clean environment was the first right that Shell violated, beginning with their discovery of oil in 1958.
		Appallingly, nineteen Ogoni activists remain in jail today, framed for murder on the same charges for which Saro-Wiwa and the eight others were arrested, tried, and executed for.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Boycotts/Flames_Shell.html (2720 words)

	Ogoni and Oil
		The Ogonis have charged that Shell Oil has consistently damaged the local environment by: operating a number of off-shore rigs and oil port facilities which have seriously damaged "the tropical rain forest in the northern reaches of the Delta and mangrove vegetation to the south" (Hutchful, 1985).
		Developments in the Ogoni region have been documented by the Office of the General Secretary, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) from January 1993 through April 1994, and are as follows: 1993 January 4 300,000 Ogoni protest against Shell Oil activities and the environmental destruction of Ogoni land.
		The Ogoni Assembly is dispersed by Nigerian soldiers.
	www.american.edu /ted/OGONI.HTM (5523 words)

	High light of Great Ogoni Kingdom from the official website of MOSOP
		The cultural diffences led to resistance on the side of the Ogoni people, but as they were not strong enough to resist the British patrols the Ogoni people were finally subjugated in 1914.
		The Ogoni were regarded with contempt by all other groups in the Delta region and were often positioned at the bottom of the social ladder.
		The Ogoni felt they were not adequately compensated for the take-over of their land by the oil companies and the environmental damages they suffered.
	www.mosop.net /MOSOPOgoniK.htm (1944 words)

	Ogoni: Rift with Shell Oil Can’t be Healed Without Justice
		If there is one thing for which the Ogoni people will forever remember the last millennium, it was the fact that her environment and natural ecosystem were not only in a permanent state of endangerment, but were driven to the brink of extinction, through Shell Oil’s-instigated killings.
		Any talk about returning to Ogoni land and indeed any part of the Niger Delta, should necessarily, presuppose parity in treatment as is obtainable in other parts of the world where she also operates.
		The people of Ogoni will continue to non-violently defend and demand for their rights within the limits of the law, and are determined to bury Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other heroes as planned.
	www.greens.org /s-r/gga/ogoni.html (977 words)

	NIGERIAN TRIBUNE - Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		As Ogoni people all over the world marked the 14th anniversary of “Ogoni Day” on January 4, the day that over 300,000 Ogonis took to the street to non-violently protest government neglect and Shell’s environmental practices in the region, this year’s event was used to reiterate total commitment to the struggle.
		It was also a time to reiterate the Ogonis’ position as contained in the Ogoni Bill of Rights (OBR) as well as their total opposition to the return of Shell to Ogoni.
		Ogoni people and the entire people of the Niger Delta will continue the fight until victory is achieved, not only because Ken Saro Wiwa said so, but because it is in their interest and is the only way to avoid being systematically exterminated.
	www.tribune.com.ng /10012007/opinion.html (966 words)

	The Catalyst \|\| The Ogoni crisis
		The Ogoni crisis is a case of human rights violations, environmental degradation, government corruption created by the activities of oil multinational corporation (MNCs) in Nigeria.
		The Ogoni are one the 50-100 different linguistic and ethnic groups that form a total population of 6 million in the Niger River Delta Region.
		The Ogoni form a mere 0.4% of the total Nigerian population with their population rising to 500,000 people.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /org/action/catalyst/orgoni.html (743 words)

	hired guns
		Since forcing Shell to withdraw most of its operations from their 404-square-mile home land four years ago, the Ogoni have moved to the front line in Nigeria's struggle for democracy and in the global movement for corporate accountability.
		Ogoni author and MOSOP activist Ken Saro-Wiwa was hanged last year after being framed for murder.
		Ogoni families awoke on New Year's Day 1997 to find 1,000 more troops stationed in their communities with orders to prevent early observance of Ogoni Day.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Transnational_corps/Hired_guns.html (1359 words)

	[No title]
		Ogoni leaders fear that the Special Tribunal (Offenses Relating to Civil Disturbances) Edict 1994 will be used as a cover to arrest and detain Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) leaders.
		The Ogoni deaths and dramatic escalation of tensions in the region has coincided with the implementation of an extensive mobilisation of armed forces for "restoring and maintaining law and order in Ogoni Land" as laid out in Operation Order No. 4/94 from the Rivers State Commissioner of Police released by UNPO on April 29, 1994.
		The Ogoni have been engaged in a non-violent struggle against the environmental degradation and social neglect of their land and people caused by Shell and other multinational oil companies in cooperation with the Nigerian government.
	www.halcyon.com /pub/FWDP/Africa/ogoni.txt (5454 words)

	THE NEW AMERICANS . Ogoni Story \| PBS
		The Ogoni people opposed Nigeria's military government and the Shell Oil Corporation, which for years had been permitted to drill oil in their homeland despite a growing environmental catastrophe.
		These Ogoni refugees are being resettled in different cities in the United States by the United Nations.
		Barine Wiwa-Lawani is the sister of the slain Ogoni activist Ken Saro-Wiwa.
	www.pbs.org /independentlens/newamericans/newamericans/ogoni_intro.html (420 words)

	Ogoni Bill of Rights
		That the Ogoni people, before the advent of British colonialism, were not conquered or colonised by any other ethnic group in present day Nigeria.
		That the Ogoni languages of Gokana and Khana are undeveloped and are about to disappear, whereas other Nigerian languages are being forced on us.
		That it is intolerable that one of the richest areas of Nigeria should wallow in abject poverty and destitution.
	www.waado.org /NigerDelta/RightsDeclaration/Ogoni.html (840 words)

	Delta newsletter - Issue #2
		The Ogoni 19 are hostages of Nigeria's illegal military regime, held because their demands for environmental and human rights threaten the regime's main source of funds: Shell's oil extraction from the Niger Delta, particularly Ogoniland.
		From 1993 when the first Ogoni Day was successfully celebrated in spite of serious opposition from the Nigerian military government, NUOS and OSU under my leadership continued the mobilisation of students and youths with the organisation of rallies, seminars, symposia, workshops, quizzes, debates and other enlightenment programmes at all levels.
		Ogoni supporters from direct action groups LEAF and Reclaim the Streets who locked-on to the Nigerian High Commission a year ago as a solidarity protest with the Ogoni 9 finally had their case thrown out of court when the prosecution failed to secure permission from the Attorney General to proceed.
	www.mcspotlight.org /beyond/delta2_nov96.html (20190 words)

	International Campaigns: Nigeria - Human Rights - Sierra Club
		MOSOP reports growing fears in Ogoni that Nigerian military forces - which have occupied Ogoni since 1993 - may still be openly engaged in intimidating and coercing communities perceived to be engaged in protesting against Shell's return to Ogoni [1].
		The group was formed with an apparent brief to negotiate `on behalf of the Ogoni people' for Shell's return to the oil-rich region.
		During a public meeting in Ogoni held on August 27th - which was also attended by Shell Nigeria (SPDC) staff [3] - the Committee was openly challenged by members of the audience to justify its mandate to represent 500 000 Ogoni people.
	www.sierraclub.org /human-rights/nigeria/mosop/expose.asp (895 words)

	www.ogoniforum.org.za \| Ogoni Solidarity Forum
		The 4th day of January 1993 was used by the Ogoni people to also flag off their decision to be recognized as a people created with distinctness before they were loomped into the present Nigerian nation state that has failed to recognize them as a distinct ethnic nation within the federaion.
		The struggle of the Ogoni ethnic nationality would be represented at this year World Social Forum (WSF) that is being hosted on the soil of Africa for the first time, with an expected 130, 000 delegates from all over the world.
		The Ogoni Solidarity Forum has opened its Nigerian office, the office which is charged with the responsibility of re-mobilizing, educating and re-awaking the Ogoni masses to bring the Ogoni struggle from its present transmogrification and latency is being headed by Comrade Akpobari Nkabari Celestine.
	www.ogoniforum.org.za (910 words)

	Nigeria: Ogoni Repression Alert
		MOSOP calls for a public intervention by Shell to secure the release of all the Ogoni detainees from this crack down, and to openly call for the end of the military occupation of Ogoni.
		Batom is easily one of the most frequently arrested and detained Ogoni activists, having been previously detained four times in 1994, twice in 1995, and twice in 1996.
		Ogoni arrested and detained on January 6th at Kegbara Dere, Gokana are: 1 Barinaadaa Ganago 2 Kanaabola Ganago 3 Ledisi Pkakol 4 Joseph Tombari 5 Barinyima Lemea 6 Dumbari Biradee
	www.africaaction.org /docs98/ogon9801.htm (2479 words)

	THE PRICE OF OIL
		Ken Saro-Wiwa and several other Ogoni activists were immediately arrested in connection with the four murders, despite a lack of credible evidence to connect them to the deaths.
		There was another crackdown in Ogoni around January 4, 1998, when once again Ogonis attempted to celebrate what has been known since 1993 as &#147;Ogoni Day,” and once again the security forces did all they could to prevent them.
		MOSOP reported that two people were killed by security forces around Ogoni Day: Beatrice Nwakpasi, who was shotwhen soldiers opened fire into a group of dancing people on January 4; and Daniel Naador, who was arrested and beaten, and died on January 17 as a result of his injuries.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1999/nigeria/Nigew991-08.htm (11540 words)

	Ten Years On, Nigeria's Ogoni Minority Mark Saro-Wiwa's Death
		Hundreds of members of Nigeria's Ogoni minority have marched in the oil city of Port Harcourt to mark the tenth anniversary of the execution of rights activist Ken Saro-Wiwa after he protested against the energy giant Shell.
		Following an overnight candlelit vigil in Bori Thursday, the would-be "capital" of Ogoni, more than 1,000 of Saro-Wiwa's supporters marched through the centre of the southern city to protest what they allege is their people's continued persecution and economic marginalisation by the Nigerian state.
		Shell owns the rights to pump Ogoni oil and was already earning large revenues from the territory in the early 1990s when MOSOP began to mount protests.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines05/1110-09.htm (883 words)

	Nigeria: WCC Ogoni Report
		The Ogoni people of Nigeria have suffered extensive environmental pollution and political repression under the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha.
		The Ogoni crisis attracted international attention in November 1995 when the military government executed Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other Ogoni environmentalists who were members of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP).
		In the U.S., copies of "Ogoni: The Struggle Continues" (106 pp.) are available from the Washington Office on Africa at $5.00 each plus postage and handling ($2.50 for the first copy, $1.00 for each additional copy).
	www.africaaction.org /docs97/ogon9703.htm (652 words)

	ogoni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Ogoni live to the east of the Niger delta, in a fertile area rich in petroleum resources.
		Despite the efforts of Christian missionaries, they have retained a vital, regionally varied masquerading activity that is in part deeply rooted in their own tradition and in part adopted from neighboring ethnic groups such as the Ibibio or Ijo.
		Ogoni mask dances serve a great variety of functions, which, depending on the region, can extend from pure entertainment to participation in funeral services and harvest festivals, all the way to the implementation of judicial verdicts.
	www.zyama.com /ogoni/pics..htm (107 words)

	Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996
		By the Bill, the Ogoni people, while underlining their loyalty to the Nigerian nation, laid claim as a people to their independence which British colonialism had first violated and then handed over to some other Nigerian ethnic groups in October 1960.
		It is a further attempt to transfer the seized resources of the Ogoni and other minority ethnic groups in the delta to the majority ethnic groups of the country.
		It is the intention of the Ogoni people to draw the attention of the American government and people to the fact that the oil which they buy from Nigeria is stolen property and that it is against American law to receive stolen goods.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /fwc/Issue10/Africa/ogoni-bill-1.html (661 words)

	Vanguard - National News : MOSOP debunks Kukah's claim on Ogoni, Shell parley
		In a statement yesterday, the group wondered why the clergy would be talking of Ogoni signing an MoU with Shell, government and UNEP for the sake of the latter to resume clean up exercise in the area and also facilitate a return of the Anglo Dutch oil giant to the area.
		If the idea was an attempt to deceiving unsuspecting Ogoni people and the general public that the Ogoni issue is about to be resolved, MOSOP insists that there has not been even one single attempt of a meeting between the contending parties.
		Facts abound that the Ogoni people in September 2006 reaffirmed its position that she will have nothing to do with Shell and called on the Federal Government of Nigeria to consider allocating the Ogoni oil concession to a new operator if it wishes to extract our oil.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/niger_delta/nd428022007.html (539 words)

	ICE Case Study: Ogonis and Conflict
		However, "his more likely "crime" is his effort to organize the Ogoni ethnic minority to stop destruction of their homeland caused by operations of Shell and Chevron, the multinational oil companies, and seek compensation for his people's lost farmland and fisheries."
		In the context of this wider political crisis, the government feared that the Ogoni's protests against environmental degradation would have a snowballing affect and that other ethnic groups would begin to fight with each other.
		The Ogoni have a long history of preserving their environment, which they regard as sacred: rivers and streams provide water for bathing and fish for food, making their environment intricately connected with communities way of life.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/ogonioil.htm (4700 words)

	Bala Ogoni and the Niger Delta
		There was no Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Kataf, Sayawa, Tiv, Baju, Jukun, Ogoni, Chamba, Ijaw, Itsekiri or Urhobo polity or sets of polities, which can be resurrected to constitute the component units of a confederation, or to stand on their own as independent states, if the Nigerian polity is loosened or dismembered." This is a powerful argument.
		The problem is Bala Usman seems to have located political centralization or "political community" as he calls it, as the only or main form of identity that bound together individual pre-colonial groups to create a sense of identity and common destiny.
		What colonialism did was to provide the objective conditions by creating the political and territorial space in the form of a multi-national or multi-ethnic Nigerian state which ensured the hardening, deepening and enlargement of the existing feeling of ethnic community or nationhood among the constituent groups.
	nigerdeltacongress.com /barticles/bala_ogoni_and_the_niger_delta.htm (2741 words)

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