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	Oil well - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The well is created by drilling a hole (5 to 30 inches wide) into the earth with an oil rig turning a drill bit.
		After drilling the well, 'tubing' (smaller diameter pipe, from 2.5 to 7 inch diameter) is typically run into the well and packed off at the base, inside the casing.
		Modern oil wells can be extremely expensive to build and maintain, due partly to the cost of the technologies in active use today, but also to the increasingly inclement climates and harsh environments that are today being explored for oil and gas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_drilling (783 words)

	Oil well -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The well is created by drilling a hole (5 to 30 (A unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot) inches wide) into the earth with an (Rig used in drilling for oil or gas) oil rig turning a (A bit used in drilling for oil) drill bit.
		After the hole is drilled, a metal pipe called 'casing' is (Something that hardens to act as adhesive material) cemented into the hole.
		Modern oil wells are extremely expensive to build and maintain, due partly to the cost of the technologies in active use today, but also to the increasingly inclement (The weather in some location averaged over some long period of time) climates and harsh environments that are today being explored for oil and gas.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/oi/oil_well.htm (1005 words)

	NRDC: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Efficiency Saves More Oil than the Refuge Would Yield
		Drilling in the Arctic Refuge is a futile, shortsighted approach to reducing America's oil dependency.
		Drilling proponents claim that 16 billion barrels of oil could be recovered from the refuge coastal plain.
		Drilling proponents overstate their case by ignoring the fact that the costs of exploration, production and transportation in the Arctic are substantially higher than in many other regions of the world.
	www.nrdc.org /land/wilderness/arcticrefuge/facts3.asp (1032 words)

	CBS News \| Senate OKs Alaska Oil Drilling \| March 16, 2005 20:30:01
		The oil industry has sought for more than two decades to get access to what is believed to be billions of barrels of oil beneath the 1.5 million-acre coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in the northern eastern corner of Alaska.
		Opponents of drilling complained that Republicans this time were trying "an end run" by attaching the refuge provisions to the budget, a tactic that would allow the measure to pass with a majority vote.
		Drilling supporters argued that access to the refuge's oil was a matter of national security and that modern drilling technology would protect the region's wildlife.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2005/03/16/politics/main680450.shtml (922 words)

	CNN.com - Senate endorses oil drilling in Alaska wildlife refuge - Nov 4, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Repeated attempts to approve such drilling have failed in the Senate because drilling supporters were unable to muster the 60 votes needed to overcome a filibuster by opponents.
		Bush and other drilling advocates argue that the country needs the estimated 10.5 billion barrels of oil that are believed to lie beneath the refuges coastal tundra in northeastern Alaska and slow the growing dependence on oil imports.
		Environmentalists said drilling platforms and a spider web of roads and pipelines will threaten the ecology of the refuge's coastal plain which is used by caribou, polar bears, musk oxen and millions of migratory birds that land there during warmer parts of the year.
	www.cnn.com /2005/POLITICS/11/04/anwr.drilling.ap (978 words)

	CNN.com - Senate rejects oil drilling in Alaska wildlife refuge - Mar. 19, 2003
		Drilling supporters failed last year to open the refuge to the oil industry because they couldn't get 60 votes to overcome a Democratic filibuster in the Senate, although the House approved oil development.
		Stevens and other drilling supporters also said that with government-imposed restrictions and the use of modern technology the oil could be pumped without harming the coastal plain's wildlife.
		How much oil is beneath the refuge's coastal plain is uncertain because only one exploratory well has been drilled and its results have not been made public.
	www.cnn.com /2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/19/anwar.vote.ap (933 words)

	NRDC: Fuelish Claims: Jobs and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		It assumed that oil from the refuge would lower world oil prices by as much as $3.60 a barrel, which would have a ripple effect on the U.S. economy, producing jobs in the petroleum, trucking, steel, shipping and manufacturing industries nationwide.
		WEFA also overstated the amount of economically recoverable oil in the refuge at 9.2 billion barrels, which it conceded was a "high case" scenario.
		The price of a barrel of oil, however, has been under $20 for seven of the last 10 years, and is expected to be well below $30 over the next decade.
	www.nrdc.org /land/wilderness/artech/farcjobs.asp (1901 words)

	Capital Eye - Boiling Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Opponents of drilling will have another chance to defeat the proposal after House and Senate leaders meet to resolve differences in their respective budget resolutions, or later when committees in both chambers decide the details for drilling in ANWR.
		Oil companies are hoping their considerable political clout, built up over years of generous campaign giving and lobbying, will put drilling in ANWR over the top.
		Oil and gas companies have contributed $368,000 in individual and PAC contributions to Stevens since 1989, more than any other industry.
	www.capitaleye.org /inside.asp?ID=160 (1134 words)

	Arctic Oil Drilling Debate Escalates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For Alaskans, the refuge debate is not a new one.
		Oil supporters argue that the industry has refined its practices over 30 years of Arctic operations and that the coastal plain can be developed with minimal impact to the tundra and wildlife.
		And for large amounts of new oil in the United States, the Arctic refuge is one of the few places to look.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/05/0507_arcticrefuge.html (609 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- Senate votes to approve oil drilling in Alaskan wildlife refuge
		WASHINGTON – A closely divided Senate voted Wednesday to approve oil drilling in an Alaska wildlife refuge, a major victory for President Bush and a stinging defeat for environmentalists who have fought the idea for decades.
		Drilling supporters countered that the refuge's oil can be pumped while still protecting the environment and wildlife.
		Modern technology, drilling techniques and environmental restrictions would dramatically limit the industrial footprint that would be left on the tundra and protect wildlife, said Murkowski.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/nation/20050316-1501-arcticdrilling.html (807 words)

	CBN News - Senate Narrowly Approves ANWR Oil Drilling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After nearly 25 years of failed attempts, the prospect of drilling for oil in Alaska's arctic national wilderness reserves is more likely than ever.
		The narrow Senate victory allows for drilling on up to 2,000 acres of coastal plains, potentially benefiting the economy and helping to alleviate the country's dependence on foreign oil.
		Drilling is still subject to final approval of the budget and a vote in the House.
	www.cbn.com /cbnnews/news/050317b.asp (415 words)

	Alliance For The Great Lakes
		In the spring of 1997, when Newstar Energy USA Company applied for permits to drill for oil and gas under Lake Michigan as close as 300 feet from the shoreline, the result was a firestorm of public protest.
		But interest in the reserves is high among oil and gas speculators and their plans are not likely to stay dormant for long.
		Drilling under Lake Michigan is a venture that has serious implications for the overall health and use of the lake by its communities.
	www.lakemichigan.org /conservation/oil_intro.asp (594 words)

	51-49 Senate Vote Backs Arctic Oil Drilling (washingtonpost.com)
		And while hurdles remain, drilling advocates said they are close to achieving their decades-long drive to tap billions of barrels of oil beneath the 1.5 million-acre coastal plain.
		By giving the drilling proposal the protection of the budget rules, GOP leaders have effectively prevented opponents from using a filibuster to block a final vote on the proposal.
		But opponents disagreed, saying that drilling would do little to reduce dependence on foreign oil and that there would be virtually no impact on prices, which are set as a result of activity on the world market.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A40670-2005Mar16.html (1071 words)

	ESPN Outdoors -- Bush looking anew for Alaska oil drilling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bush is also expected in his second term to renew his call for action by Congress on a broader, largely pro-production, energy agenda - from easing rules for oil and gas drilling on federal land in the Rocky Mountains to expanding clean-coal technology and improving the reliability of the electricity grid.
		Drilling in the Alaska refuge has been all but dismissed as unachievable since drilling opponents two years ago beat back a pro-development measure by a 52-48 vote.
		But geologists believe 11 billion barrels of oil lie beneath the refuge's tundra and ice, and drilling supporters contend they can be tapped without damage to the environment or wildlife.
	www.espn.go.com /outdoors/conservation/news/2004/1110/1920330.html (850 words)

	Oil Drilling in Alaska
		On one hand, the recoverable oil in the refuge, possibly amounting to as much as ten billion barrels, is enough oil to supply the entire needs of the United States for about 18 months.
		If oil drilling was opened up everywhere it has been heretofore off limits, the oil available might increase by an order of magnitude, possibly ensuring American energy security for decades.
		Drilling in the Arctic Refuge is symbolic of a larger effort.
	www.ecoworld.com /Home/Articles2.cfm?TID=360 (2177 words)

	CNNfyi.com - Debate continues on Alaska oil drilling - March 23, 2001
		On the other side are conservationists who say oil drilling will ruin "America's serengeti" by disrupting the area's ecosystem and the feeding, migratory and reproductive patterns of hundreds of species, including polar bears, musk oxen, migratory birds and some 130,000 caribou.
		The Senate Energy Committee reportedly was ready to push ahead with oil drilling in the late 1980s, but the crash and subsequent spill from the tanker Exxon Valdez in 1989 derailed the plans.
		Oil revenues not only allow the state not to have a sales tax, it also facilitates an annual refund to Alaska residents -- around $2,000 in 2000.
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /2001/fyi/news/03/23/alaska.oil (1104 words)

	ALASKA OIL DRILLING
		The oil and gas industry scored a big victory on November 9, 1995, when the House of Representatives passed a bill that would lift the 22-year ban on the export of the Northern Slope's oil in a 289 to 134 vote.
		Oil refiners also have a stake in the bill because some of them fear that opening oil wells would force them to lower their prices.
		Oil companies have not yet begun drilling in the Northern Slope, but if the ANWR were repealed they would do so immediately.
	www.american.edu /ted/alaska.htm (3414 words)

	CNN.com - Cheney calls for increased oil drilling in Alaska - September 24, 2000
		He also called for reducing "bureaucratic red tape" to allow more oil refineries to be built, saying a new one had not been constructed in the United States in 10 years.
		On Saturday Clinton defended his decision to release 30 million barrels of oil as "prudent" to guard against a projected shortage this winter of higher-priced heating oil.
		Stocks of home-heating oil are particularly low in the Northeast, Richardson said, down 65 percent from what they were last year.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/24/cheney.oil (755 words)

	Senate OKs oil drilling in the Arctic - The Washington Times: Nation/Politics - March 17, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Senate voted yesterday to allow drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, riding the strength of Republicans' increased majority to overcome years of failure on the issue and deliver on one of President Bush's campaign promises.
		Drilling opponents also won a year earlier, with 54 senators voting to uphold a filibuster to prevent consideration of drilling.
		Drilling did pass as part of the budget in 1995, after Republicans won control of Congress, but President Clinton vetoed the budget reconciliation package that year.
	www.washtimes.com /national/20050316-114417-5777r.htm (887 words)

	Alaska oil drilling gets boost from Senate
		Its environmentally sensitive location and vast oil reserves have made it ground zero in a broader struggle between environmentalists and advocates of expanded commercial use of federal lands.
		Stevens said that a vote to strip the drilling provision from the budget "is a vote for increasing home heating bills and transportation costs.
		Advocates of drilling cite the potential for up to a million barrels of oil a day to ease U.S. dependence on the volatile Mideast.
	www.freep.com /news/nw/drill17e_20050317.htm (498 words)

	The New York Times > Washington > Senate Gearing Up for Fight Over Oil Drilling in Alaska
		And the oil industry estimates that drilling would be confined to 2,000 acres.
		Aside from the debate over oil drilling, the budget is expected to prompt a fight over reductions in Medicaid spending and tax cuts.
		On Wednesday, a leading Democratic opponent of drilling, Senator Barbara Boxer of California, is planning a news conference with Alaska Natives and a filmmaker whose documentary about the Arctic refuge, "Oil on Ice," is being shown on university campuses around the country.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/03/09/politics/09arctic.html?ex=1268024400&en=2285f3bc9b4eecb3&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland (1091 words)

	Campaigns \| Arctic Campaign \| Oil Drilling \| Read more (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Several multinational oil corporations, seeking short-term profits at the expense of our national heritage, are lobbying Congress for permission to drill in what the Interior Department calls the “biological heart” of the entire Arctic Refuge: its narrow Coastal Plain.
		And the oil companies themselves admit that the oil would not be available for at least ten years.
		At no time would oil taken from the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge be expected to amount to more than 2 percent of the current U.S. demand.
	www.alaskawild.org /campaigns_arctic_oil_more.html (1436 words)

	USATODAY.com - Vote sets stage for drilling in refuge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The oil industry has long sought to drill for what they believe to be billions of barrels of oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
		Bush, who has made increased domestic oil and gas exploration a centerpiece of his energy policy, hailed the Senate action, saying it will "make America less dependent on foreign sources of energy." The United States imports 11 million barrels of oil a day, or 58% of its needs.
		Opponents of ANWR drilling say that's not worth the risk to caribou, polar bears and migratory birds who make their home in the refuge, created in 1960 by President Dwight Eisenhower.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2005-03-16-arctic-drilling_x.htm (763 words)

	Committee Against Oil Exploration - Campaign Against Offshore Oil Drilling
		Offshore oil drilling and development of the sensitive Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) are questionable supply-bandaids to try delaying the inevitable by a few years.
		Offshore drilling exposes wildlife to the threat of oil spills that would devastate their populations.
		In 1998, a rupture in Torch Oil's pipeline spilled 21,000 gallons of oil, damaging a rich ocean fishing ground and killing wildlife in the delicate coastal ecosystem at the mouth of the Santa Ynez River.
	www.culturechange.org /caoe.html (1309 words)

	Senate OKs drilling in Alaska refuge / A narrow victory for President Bush and energy boosters Republicans assured win ...
		Drilling in the refuge could increase domestic oil supplies by 20 percent by 2025, but would only lessen America's dependence on foreign oil from 62 to 60 percent, the agency found.
		Democrats who oppose drilling cited a 2003 National Academy of Sciences study that found that oil exploration in the refuge could lead to oil spills, air pollution and damage to wildlife habitat from roads, drilling pads and other heavy equipment.
		Murkowski said the decision to drill in the Alaskan refuge is not unprecedented, noting that there are 400 energy-producing wells in wildlife refuges across the country.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/03/17/DRILLING.TMP (1262 words)

	USATODAY.com - Obstacle to drilling for oil in ANWAR is removed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A controversial plan to allow oil drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is likely to move forward now that there will be enough votes in the Senate to push the measure ahead.
		Environmentalists say drilling in the refuge would despoil one of the USA's last pristine wildernesses, a place where caribou and wolves roam.
		Oil companies don't openly express enthusiasm for starting work in the refuge.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2004-11-17-oil-drilling_x.htm (704 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Bush wins big round on ANWR oil drilling
		And while hurdles remain, drilling advocates said they were close to achieving their decadeslong drive to tap billions of barrels of oil beneath the 1.5 million-acre coastal plain.
		Opposition to drilling in the wildlife refuge was led by Sen. John Kerry of Massachusetts, the 2004 Democratic presidential candidate, and Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash. Cantwell and Sen. Patty Murray, also D-Wash., voted to remove the drilling provision from the budget.
		Seven Republicans voted to remove the drilling measure from the budget: Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island, Norm Coleman of Minnesota, Susan Collins and Olympia Snowe of Maine, Mike DeWine of Ohio, Gordon Smith of Oregon and John McCain of Arizona.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002210273_anwr17.html (958 words)

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