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Topic: Oil exploration

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1971

	Zion Oil & Gas - Israeli Oil Industry - Exploration History
		Oil exploration in Israel has gone through a series of evolutionary steps since the drilling of the the first well in 1947 and the completion of the first discovery in 1955.
		Exploration continued in the Israeli coastal plain and resulted in the discovery of the Shiqma gas field and the Ashdod oil field.
		In 1979, James Wilson (then the former chief gelogist of Shell Oil Company) prepared a report for the Israeli government that estimated that the onshore reserves potential of the country (excluding the Dead Sea area) was 330 million to 2 billion barrels.
	www.zionoil.com /industry/exploration.html (1815 words)

	A letter from oil exploration insider \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		Wells are drilled based on the estimated oil price 6-12 months ahead, and that estimate is very bearish due to what happened in the 1980’s oil bust.
		Oil and gas actually move through rock — “sitting on capped wells” must have been invented by some environmental nut-basket, because there is no business or geological sense to it, and smart people follow the money.
		If our material costs (what we buy or rent to actually build an oil or gas well) rise with oil prices, many fields will never be produced, as it will always be uneconomical due to the small size of the oil trap.
	www.energybulletin.net /4466.html (1336 words)

	An MBendi Profile: Libya - Oil and Gas: Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction - Overview
		The majority of Libya’s oil and gas is found onshore in three geological trends of the Sirte Basin.
		It is the largest offshore field with recoverable reserves of 2 billion barrels of oil and 2.5 Tcf of gas.
		Libya's National Oil Corporation (NOC) awarded Occidental Blocks 106 and 124 in the Sirte Basin, Blocks 131 and 163 in the Murzuk Basin and Block 59 in the Cyrenaica Basin.
	www.mbendi.co.za /indy/oilg/ogus/af/lb/p0005.htm (1195 words)

	Oil exploration Summary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Traditionally, oil exploration was primarily conducted by recognizing seeps of hydrocarbons at the surface.
		Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology.
		Oil reserves are a primarily a measure of geological risk - of the probability of oil existing and being producible under current economic conditions using current technology.
	www.bookrags.com /Oil_exploration (2853 words)

	Looking for Oil and gas
		Several geologic elements are necessary for oil and gas to accumulate in sufficient quantities to create a pool large enough to be worth producing.
		These elements include an organic-rich source rock to generate the oil or gas, a porous reservoir rock to store the petroleum in, and some sort of trap to prevent the oil and gas from leaking away.
		Because most oils are lighter than water, they migrate upward through the pores, or along and faults and fractures, and make their way to the surface to discharge as oil seeps (click here for a picture of a seep).
	www.sjgs.com /exploration.html (3226 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Oil Drilling Works"
		Oil is formed from the remains of tiny plants and animals (plankton) that died in ancient seas between 10 million and 600 million years ago.
		The task of finding oil is assigned to geologists, whether employed directly by an oil company or under contract from a private firm.
		Once a prospective oil strike is found, the location is marked by GPS coordinates on land or by marker buoys on water.
	www.howstuffworks.com /oil-drilling1.htm (639 words)

	Oil Production and Environmental Damage
		The effects of oil on marine life are cause by either the physical nature of the oil (physical contamination and smothering) or by its chemical components (toxic effects and accumulation leading to tainting).
		Environmental harm associated with oil resources can either be attributed to a side effect of conflict, or, in some cases, it is associated with military aggression that is intended to damage the natural resources of the region.
		Oil waste in the past was placed in holes in the ground that contaminated the forests and the rivers.
	www.american.edu /TED/projects/tedcross/xoilpr15.htm (5889 words)

	Oil exploration in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology.
		Visible surface features such as oil seeps, natural gas seeps, pockmarks (underwater craters caused by escaping gas) provides basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation (be it shallow or deep in the Earth); however, most exploration depends on highly sophisticated technology to detect and determine the extent of these deposits.
		Oil reserves are a primarily a measure of geological risk - of the probability of oil existing and being producible under current economic conditions using current technology.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Oil_exploration (1457 words)

	Kazakhstan and Oil
		Drilling for oil in the region is not new.
		Oil was a major source of hard currency for the former Soviet Union, but drilling methods were technologically inferior compared with western firms when it came to large-scale oil exploration.
		Oil is often called the "blood of the economy" and therefore is extremely important to all nations, with little difference to the various stages of development (please see appendices).
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/kazakh.htm (2941 words)

	Arctic Refuge: Oil and Gas Issues
		Oil is transported from the North Slope by the 800-mile Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez in south-central Alaska, where it is then transferred to oil tankers.
		As the oil fields expand east and west, additional oil reserves are consequently being tapped from smaller satellite fields that rely on the existing infrastructure at Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk.
		While the exploration of oil typically occurs during the winter months when caribou and birds are absent from the 1002 Area, there are several arctic-adapted species that remain in the area during winter which would likely be affected, most notably muskoxen and polar bears, but also wolverine, arctic fox, and arctic grayling.
	arctic.fws.gov /issues1.htm (5287 words)

	Committee Against Oil Exploration - Campaign Against Offshore Oil Drilling
		If people did not buy so much oil or so many new vehicles, the economy would be rapidly transformed, albeit with serious adjustment difficulties due to the economy's hypersensitivity to the car and related industries.
		Offshore oil drilling and development of the sensitive Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) are questionable supply-bandaids to try delaying the inevitable by a few years.
		In 1998, a rupture in Torch Oil's pipeline spilled 21,000 gallons of oil, damaging a rich ocean fishing ground and killing wildlife in the delicate coastal ecosystem at the mouth of the Santa Ynez River.
	www.culturechange.org /caoe.html (1309 words)

	Oil and Gas Publications, Periodicals and Books - Touch Oil And Gas.com
		Exploration and Production: The Oil and Gas Review 2006, has been researched and designed to focus on the key areas of investment and technology that will be key in the continued growth and development of the upstream oil and gas sector.
		The war on Iraq has accounted for the continued rise in oil prices and the current pressure companies are under to produce oil to their full capacities.
		Business Briefing: Exploration and Production: The Oil and Gas Review 2005, the 4th edition of this series has been researched and designed to focus on the key areas of investment and technology that will be key in the continued growth and development of the upstream sector.
	www.touchoilandgas.com /publications.cfm (803 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Tools used by oil and gas explorers were fairly basic and depended on fundamental variables in the earth's physical condition: gravity change, magnetic field change, time change, and electrical resistance.
		The torsion balance was one of the earliest geophysical instruments used in the exploration for salt domes along the Texas Gulf Coast.
		The reflection method of seismic exploration is based on the echo of sound waves off layers of varying density rock, which are reflected at a high angle back to the surface.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/OO/doo15.html (2143 words)

	Shale Oil Exploration \| Oil Development Barnett shale \| Drilling Gas
		Crown Exploration, Ltd. is an energy entity that explores, produces, and develops crude oil and natural gas.
		New exploration technology such as Horizontal Drilling has made the Barnett Shale gas more accessible, even below populated areas.
		Disclaimer: This website and the information contained herein are neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy any security in any state or jurisdiction.
	www.crownexploration.com /barnett-shale.php (177 words)

	WWF - Oil activity in the North
		There are already large installations and operations in the Arctic and the oil and gas business is set to expand in the years ahead.
		In addition to the threat of oil itself, the extraction process can result in discharges of a number of toxic substances that may pose a threat to polar bears and their environment.
		This is likely because oil development so far has been relatively limited in key polar bear habitats, and that precautions have been taken where obvious conflicts were identified.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/europe/what_we_do/arctic/polar_bear/threats/oil_exploration/index.cfm (545 words)

	Oil Exploration Threatens Belize's Protected Areas \| Worldwatch Institute
		By permitting oil exploration on indigenous lands, the government of Belize is violating international human rights law and possibly several other international treaties, according to the environmental group Global Response.
		Over the past decade, however, the government has issued licenses for logging, oil exploration, and other extractive activities in areas that have traditionally been home to Belize’s indigenous Mayan communities, including Sarstoon Temash National Park, a 41,000-acre (16,592 hectare) area of pristine forests and coastline along the southern border with Guatemala.
		Global Response and local groups say the allowance of new oil exploration in Sarstoon Temash National Park is in direct contravention of this ruling.
	www.worldwatch.org /node/4807 (390 words)

	Oil and Gas Exploration Jobs Overview - OilJobFinder
		Oil is in the news a lot, but the articles are usually focused on barrels produced, pipelines being built and maintained, and refining capacity.
		We don't hear much about oil exploration, which is the search for new sources of oil underneath the ground.
		As the price of oil has gone up, petroleum reservoirs that were not economically viable in the past are now attractive to smaller, independent producers.
	www.oiljobfinder.com /oil_exploration_jobs.php (561 words)

	Struggle Over Oil Exploration in Costa Rica
		But strong resistance from local communities along the Atlantic Coast of Costa Rica who would be directly affected by oil exploitation have forced both the government and oil companies to stop temporarily their concerted efforts to exploit the natural resources of this world renowned tropical paradise.
		This connection is just one of many of Bush's close ties to the oil industry, which was evident in his recent energy plan that calls for more exploration and exploitation of nonrenewable energy resources such as oil, thus creating a global backdrop for the struggle over oil exploration in Costa Rica.
		Local opposition to this latest oil exploration plan in Costa Rica has come from a wide variety of local development and tourism associations, small agricultural growers, fishermen's groups, NGOs, and other community groups, who feared the disastrous impact of this oil exploration on their lives and livelihoods.
	www.fire.or.cr /julio01/oil_main.html (1196 words)

	PHMSA Stakeholder Communications: Oil and Gas Exploration
		Oil seeps to the Earth's surface along fault lines and cracks in subterranean rocks and gathers in pools, where it is recognized as tar, asphalt, and bitumen.
		Oil and natural gas exploration has to contend with the earth's surface, which has a complicated geological history.
		An oil or natural gas reservoir may be present in layers of a soft, permeable rock below an anticline, sealed in by a hard impermeable layer of rock.
	primis.phmsa.dot.gov /comm/Exploration.htm (918 words)

	Oil Exploration Using Petroleum Geochemistry (Oil Fingerprinting) - OilTracers LLC
		Forty-eight oils from the Precaspian basin have been analyzed to assess: oil types and genetic relationships, oil source lithofacies, oil source maturity, oil alteration/ charge history, and the age of the source rocks from which the oils were derived.
		Thirty-eight oils from the Middle Caspian/Dagestan area have been analyzed to assess: oil types and genetic relationships, oil source lithofacies, oil source maturity, oil alteration/ charge history,and the age of the source rocks from which the oils were derived.
		Thirty-six oils from 19 fields in the Sirte Basin, Libya have been analyzed to assess: oil types and genetic relationships, inferred source lithofacies, source maturity, oil alteration/ charge history, generation temperatures, and rates of oil generation.
	www.oiltracers.com /exploration.html (364 words)

	Antarctica: Fact Sheet
		The prospect that Antarctica's fragile wildnerness could be tainted as a result of oil exploration and drilling activities resulted in the mobilization of several conservation groups who were intent on preserving the continent's status as the most pristine in the world.
		In July, 1995, approximately 21,000 gallons of oil were spilled in Argentina's Marimbo base as the result of a poorly constructed fuel storage system, which consisted of large rubber fuel bladders placed directly on the snow.
		If Antarctica is indeed eventually opened for oil exploration activities, which many believe it will be, the potential for oil pollution occurrences such as oil tanker spills, the dumping of waste oil, natural oil seeps and well blowouts will rise substantially.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/antarctica.html (1828 words)

	Global Marine Oil Pollution Information Gateway • Oil - exploration and extraction
		Small amounts of oil and natural gas seep through and are found near the Earth's surface, but almost all oil and gas is found in deep underground reservoirs on land and in the seabed (on the continental shelf).
		The UNEP Offshore Oil and Gas Environment Forum (OEF) gives these figures: more than 6,500 offshore oil and gas installations worldwide, about 4,000 of which in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, 950 in Asia, 700 in the Middle East and 400 in Europe.
		Locating an oil and gas "trap" (as it is known) and extracting the oil and gas is difficult enough on land.
	oils.gpa.unep.org /facts/extraction.htm (1647 words)

	Contributions to the Field of Oil Exploration
		Basically, the up and down action of the oil pump was made to rotate a wheel on which a cable was wrapped.
		He was working on methods for using electricity to drill oil wells when he decided to return to medical school.
		After two years in the oil fields, Sutton phoned Henry Helvie from Peru, Kansas and said, "Well, Henry, I guess I will have to tell you good bye for a while as I am leaving this afternoon for home, and from there I will go to New York to take up my medical studies.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/anatomy/sutton/contributons_to_oil_exploration.html (469 words)

	Oil Exploration and Discovery
		Brigham Oil and Gas L.P. - oil and gas exploration and development company focusing on the implementation of 3D seismic techniques.
		US FX Energy - explores for oil and gas primarily in Poland and the western United States and produces oil from fields in Montana and Nevada.
		Laser Exploration, Inc - technology that detects oil and gas deposits onshore and offshore.
	www.bydesign.com /fossilfuels/links/html/oil/oil_find.html (1620 words)

	Ja seeking more oil exploration investors - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		At these 'roadshows', investors are introduced to information about Jamaica's oil and gas potential, and have the option of furthering their research by purchasing data packs that contain almost a century's worth of information about the island's onshore and offshore geology collected by the PCJ.
		If fossil fuel deposits are discovered, the oil companies responsible for extracting those resources are required to pay a 12.5 per cent royalty in cash or product to the Jamaican Government before they begin to sell cost petroleum, in order to recover their investment.
		This foray into oil and gas exploration is Jamaica's third major attempt to find a domestic fossil fuel source, and was precipitated by the price and security of supply volatility that has reigned in international oil markets since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20061104T160000-0500_114898_OBS_JA_SEEKING_MORE_OIL_EXPLORATION_INVESTORS_.asp (813 words)

	RIGZONE - Oil & Gas Directory - O-Q
		Wholly-owned by the Government, it is vested with the entire oil and gas resources in Malaysia and entrusted with the responsibility of developing and adding value to these resources.
		Oil and gas exploration and production company primarily focused on growing its reserves and shareholder value through a combination of drilling development locations and high potential exploration prospects along and in the Gulf of Mexico.
		Prima is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the exploration for, acquisition, development, and production of crude oil and natural gas.
	www.rigzone.com /search/c/companies/exploration_production/o-q (778 words)

	Exploring new oil fields in Iraq: a risky business \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		"Negotiations [with foreign oil companies] are going to be very tough." He predicts that the nation's oil reserves will have to remain under government ownership, even if foreign oil companies are allowed to be partners in their exploitation.
		Oil is the "lifeblood of the country," says Raad Alkadiri, a director of PFC Energy, an energy consulting firm in Washington.
		If adequate oil reserves are found, it would take more money to build the infrastructure to get it to the world markets.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/0103/p17s01-cogn.html (1126 words)

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