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	Oil-for-Food Programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Oil-for-Food Program, established by the United Nations in 1996 and terminated in late 2003, was intended to allow Iraq to sell oil on the world market in exchange for food, medicine, and other humanitarian needs for ordinary Iraqi citizens without allowing Iraq to rebuild its military.
		The program was introduced by the US Clinton Administration in 1995 that nevertheless opposed the further liberalization of the proposal pursued by Iraq and France.
		The oil ministry was headed by allies of Ahmed Chalabi, controversial member of the Iraqi governing council who had been widely criticized for supplying the US with bogus information during the lead up to the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_for_Food_program (4915 words)

	Encyclopedia: Oil for Food program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Critics claimed that the oil for food program was responsible, under the blockage of dual-use equipment, for preventing Iraq from repairing the water purification and medical systems destroyed by the initial sanctions, and in the 1991 Gulf War.
		Contracts to sell Iraq humanitarian goods through the Oil For Food program were given to companies and individuals based on their willingness to kickback a certain percentage of the contract profits to the Iraqi regime.
		The British and American had turned down hundreds of Oil for Food contract requests, but these were block primarily on the grounds that the items being imported were dual use technologies blocked by the sanctions regime.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Oil-for-Food-program (3535 words)

	Oil for Food program - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and subsequent Coalition victory over the Iraqi army, the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) was given the task of finalizing all Oil for Food related supply contracts with the now defunct regime as well as tracking down the personal fortunes of former regime members [4].
		Consequently, a US Department of Defense study cited by the GAO evaluated that 759 contracts administered through the Oil for Food program found that nearly half had been overpriced, by an average of 21 percent [5].
		[7]; the program had, throughout its history, received complaints from critics saying it needed to be more open, and complaints from companies about proprietary information being disclosed.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Oil_for_Food_program (3514 words)

	Oil for Food program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Food is the main source of energy and of nutrition for animals, and is usually of animal or plant origin.
		Foodborne illness or food poisoning, is caused by bacteria, toxins, viruses and prions.
		Oil is frequently used to refer to petroleum – Oil is used frequently in politics and the media when referring to dependence on "foreign oil", or oil that is imported from other countries.
	www.33beat.com /Oil%20for%20Food%20program.html (5670 words)

	U.N. Oil-for-Food Program Is A Windfall For Saddam
		These resolutions created what has come to be known as the oil-for-food program, also known as the largest, richest humanitarian program in history, and they are anything but beside the point of the war-or-peace calculations that are going on right now.
		Given the Siberia-sized gap between what the program is supposed to do and what it actually does, it raises a real question that had better be asked, whether or not there is a war, and whether, when, or under what terms the sanctions are lifted, or aren't.
		The oil-for-food program was created in 1995, and first implemented in 1997, as a temporary framework through which Iraq could sell oil in exchange for imports that international experts determined to be incompatible with military use.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/2002/joct/7_audit.html (1579 words)

	ZNet \|Iraq \| Scandals of Oil for Food
		When the program was formally terminated in November 2003, $31 billion of humanitarian aid had been delivered, primarily food and medicine, but also items for water and sewage treatment, electricity production, transportation and agriculture.
		Today's spotlight on alleged corruption in the program, in addition to being tinged with reflexive right-wing hostility to the UN, reveals the collective amnesia about the effects of the economic sanctions that made Oil for Food necessary in the first place.
		While Oil for Food funds may have improperly ended up in the hands of Saddam Hussein's government, the fundamental responsibility for the humanitarian crisis was the sanctions regime imposed on Iraq by the Security Council, and then enforced in an extraordinarily harsh way at the insistence of the US and Britain.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=5909 (2617 words)

	Oil-for-Food Programme -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The program was formally terminated on November 21, 2003 and its major functions were turned over to the (additional info and facts about Coalition Provisional Authority) Coalition Provisional Authority.
		The oil ministry was headed by allies of (additional info and facts about Ahmed Chalabi) Ahmed Chalabi, a felon and former member of the governing council who had been widely criticized even by his former supporters for supplying the US with bogus information during the lead up to the war.
		The (A member of a largely pastoral Islamic people who live in Kurdistan; the largest ethnic group without their own state) Kurds had complained since the start of the program that they were not being paid their fair share of the oil revenues.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/oi/oil-for-food_programme1.htm (3039 words)

	Oil-for-Food Programme - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		Rather, the program’s failures stem from Security Council member states — particularly the US and UK — and their hurried efforts to implement an ill-conceived program in the wake of economic sanctions and the first Gulf War.
		In the run-up to the release of the Volcker investigation on corruption in the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, right-wing UN critics continue to exaggerate the scale of malpractice.
		US oil companies Chevron, Mobil, Texaco and Bay Oil as well as three individual oil investors obtained oil from Saddam Hussein under the Oil-for-Food Programme, the Chief Arms Inspector for the Central Intelligence Agency concludes in his report.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/iraq1/oilindex.htm (2500 words)

	Oil-for-Food: Facts
		The GAO, in its "Observations on the Oil for Food Program"
		UN oil overseers first alerted the Security Council's 661 Committee on November 17, 2000 that the oil pricing formulas proposed by Iraq for the month of December did not represent "fair market value," because the oil appeared to be considerably under-priced.
		Regarding oil surcharges, the 661 Committee did not reach consensus as to how to address the problem until October, 2001, when the Committee decided to introduce a "retroactive pricing mechanism" for Iraqi oil in an attempt to eliminate the surcharges on oil.
	www.oilforfoodfacts.org (3234 words)

	UN Office of the Iraq Program - Oil for Food: About the Program
		The programme, as established by the Security Council, is intended to be a "temporary measure to provide for the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, until the fulfillment by Iraq of the relevant Security Council resolutions, including notably resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991".
		The first Iraqi oil under the Oil-for-Food Programme was exported in December 1996 and the first shipments of food arrived in March 1997.
		In 1998, the limit on the level of Iraqi oil exports under the programme was raised to $5.26 billion every six months, again with two-thirds of the oil proceeds earmarked to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people.
	www.un.org /Depts/oip/background (1081 words)

	Claudia Rosett on Oil-for-Food & Terrorism on National Review Online
		The stated aim of the program, which ran from 1996-2003, was to reduce the squeeze of sanctions on ordinary Iraqis by allowing Saddam to sell oil strictly to buy food and other relief supplies.
		As Oil-for-Food worked in practice, however, the program gave Saddam rich opportunity not only to pad his own pockets, but to fund almost anything and anyone else he chose, while the U.N. assured the world that all was well.
		One was the U.N. decision to allow Saddam to choose his own buyers of oil and suppliers of goods — an arrangement that Annan himself helped set up during negotiations in Baghdad in the mid-1990s, shortly before he was promoted to Secretary-General.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/rosett200404182336.asp (1584 words)

	Oil for Food program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Others criticized the program, particularly after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, claiming the Iraqi government diverted oil profits to prop itself up in a corruption scandal implicating officials of several governments as well as top officials in the U.N. The program design
		After the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and subsequent Coalition victory over the Iraqi army, the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) was given the task of finalizing all Oil for Food related supply contracts with the now defunct regime as well as tracking down the personal fortunes of former regime members http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04651t.pdf.
		Consequently, a US Department of Defense study cited by the GAO evaluated that 759 contracts administered through the Oil for Food program found that nearly half had been overpriced, by an average of 21 percent http://www.gao.gov/highlights/d04579thigh.pdf.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/O/Oil-for-Food-program.htm (3582 words)

	Audits Reveal Oil-for-Food Bilking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		UN-Habitat was one of nine U.N. agencies that helped implement humanitarian aid in Iraq under the $60 billion oil-for-food program that was created as a humanitarian exemption to sanctions imposed on Iraq after the 1990 invasion of Kuwait, which led to the 1991 Gulf War.
		"It appears the OFFP management was not quick to react to criticism and was either unable or unwilling to address issues raised," the report stated referring to the oil-for-food program.
		The U.N. emphasized that program executive director Benon Sevan, who is the target of several of the ongoing investigations, commissioned some of the audits in order to improve the execution of the program.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2005/1/9/144633.shtml (1183 words)

	UN Office of the Iraq Program - Oil-for-Food
		Some 3.4 billion barrels of Iraqi oil valued at about $65 billion were exported under the Programme between December 1996 and 20 March 2003.
		The balance went to: Gulf War reparations through a Compensation Fund (25 per cent since December 2000); UN administrative and operational costs for the programme (2.2 per cent) and costs for the weapons inspection programme (0.8 per cent).
		Additional goods and supplies from the Programme's multi billion dollar humanitarian pipeline are being delivered on a priority basis in consultation with the Coalition Provisional Authority, Iraqi representatives and UN agencies and programmes.
	www.un.org /Depts/oip/index.html (714 words)

	Firms in Iraq's Oil-for-Food Program Revealed (washingtonpost.com)
		The 300-page list provides the most comprehensive public account to date of Iraq's business dealings under the former program, under which Iraq was allowed to sell oil to purchase humanitarian supplies.
		Duelfer alleged that Iraq demanded that firms exporting Iraqi oil after September 2000 were required to deposit kickbacks in Iraqi bank accounts in Jordan and Lebanon.
		But U.S. oil companies, which consumed more than 40 percent of Iraq's exported oil, were forced to purchase through foreign traders.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A52682-2004Oct21.html (688 words)

	AP: Saddam abused oil-for-food program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The oil-for-food program, which ran from 1996 to 2003, was created to permit the former Iraqi government to sell limited amounts of oil in exchange for humanitarian goods as an exception to U.N. sanctions imposed after Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait.
		Saddam was able to "subvert" the $60 billion U.N. oil-for-food program to generate an estimated $1.7 billion in revenue outside U.N. control from 1997-2003, the Duelfer report said.
		In addition to oil-for-food schemes, Iraq brought in over $8 billion in illicit oil deals with Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Egypt through smuggling or illegal pumping through pipelines during the full period that sanctions were in place, the report added.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1254640/posts (2215 words)

	The U.N. Oil for Food scandal - The Washington Times: Editorials/OP-ED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		But the mounting evidence of scandal that has been uncovered in the U.N. Oil For Food program suggests that there was never a serious possibility of getting Security Council support for military action because influential people in Russia and France were getting paid off by Saddam.
		Most disturbing are Iraqi records that suggest Benon Sevan, the executive director of the Oil for Food office, received a voucher for 11.5 million barrels of oil from Saddam's manipulation of the program — enough to yield a profit of between $575,000 and $3.5 million.
		The intent of the program was to sell Iraqi oil to pay for food and medicine for the Iraqi people, who were suffering due to sanctions.
	www.washtimes.com /op-ed/20040321-101405-2593r.htm (546 words)

	UN Oil-for-Food Program: Scams R Us - The New American - April 19, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and his son Kojo are at the center of an enormous scandal involving Saddam Hussein’s $100 billion oil-for-food program.
		At the center of the latest UN corruption cesspool are Kofi Annan’s hand-picked director of the oil-for-food program, Benon Sevan, and Annan’s son, Kojo Annan.
		It is bad enough that the gigantic fraud involved in the UN-administered oil-for-food program robbed Iraqi and Kurdish children of life-saving food and medicine and lined the pockets of UN kleptocrats.
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/2004/04-19-2004/un.htm (1531 words)

	Oil Industry and Congress Attack Oil-for-Food Program in Iraq
		He declared that the Oil-for-Food program was woefully inadequate, doing little to end the humanitarian crisis.
		Although the Oil-for-Food Program is inadequate due to the disrepair of Iraq’s oil infrastructure, doing away with the program without lifting economic sanctions would be disastrous.
		Keeping Iraqi oil off the market and gaining political capitol for being “tough on Saddam” and “supporting the troops” seems to be the driving force behind America’s Iraq policy.
	www.washingtonpeacecenter.org /articles/oilforfood.html (1193 words)

	The UN embargo and oil-for-food program (from Iraq) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It promised a temporary suspension of economic sanctions on Iraq for four months (renewable) if Iraq demonstrated “cooperation” on all aspects of the UN-mandated program to dismantle its weapons of mass destruction and agreed to the readmission of UN arms inspectors.
		Fats and oils from plants and animals are chemical compounds called esters, combinations of glycerin with various fatty acids.
		Learn which foods are high in calcium and the amount of calcium women need daily.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-232298 (899 words)

	Democracy Now! \| Fmr. Iraq Oil-For Food Head: Kofi Annan "Should Open the Doors, Open the Files"
		Denis Halliday, the former head of the UN Humanitarian Program in Iraq during the Oil-for-Food program discusses the brewing scandal at the UN, which is facing widespread charges of bribery, corruption and is accused of a cover-up.
		It was agreed upon with Turkey, because Turkey is an ally, a friendly NATO member and so on, and this was compensation to Turkey for the loss of revenue given the sanctions on Iraq, its close trading neighbor and partner.
		And likewise, when it came to the sale of oil by Iraq, including some 40% going to American companies indirectly, including Chevron, of Miss Rice at one stage, they also paid those kickbacks indirectly and certainly in full knowledge of what they were doing.
	www.democracynow.org /article.pl?sid=04/11/17/1524256 (1265 words)

	Oil-for-Food Program - SourceWatch
		On November 20, 2003, the U.S. Department of State announced that the United Nations had transferred the Oil-for-Food Program to the Coalition Provisional Authority and Iraqi officials.
		Oil-for-Food Program (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/16176.htm), U.S. Department of State Fact Sheet, December 20, 2002.
		If you find SourceWatch useful, please consider making a donation to its sponsor, the Center for Media and Democracy.
	www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Oil-for-Food_Program (1101 words)

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