
	Where results make sense

Topic: Oil refining

Related Topics

Standard Oil

Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles

Sherman Antitrust Act

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)

General Slocum

Dunkirk, France

France

Mothers Day

In the News (Sun 6 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Crude Oil Refining - ProMax Process Focus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A crude oil mixture may be modeled as a single component or as a group of hypothetical components which represent the boiling curve of the crude oil mixture.
		A crude oil or condensate may be defined by assay using a boiling curve analysis which usually consists of temperature measurements of distillate fractions at specific cumulative volume percentages.
		A Single Oil is ideal for characterizing a C6+ or C7+ fraction of a natural gas for which the average boiling point or molecular weight and specific gravity are known.
	www.bre.com /promax/promax.processfocus.crudeoilrefining.asp (541 words)

	Refining Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Crude oil, also called petroleum, is a complex mixture of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbons), which exist as a liquid in the earth's crust.
		The carbon and hydrogen in crude oil are thought to have originated from the remains of microscopic marine organisms that were deposited at the bottom of seas and oceans and was transformed at high temperature and pressure into crude oil and natural gas.
		This oil and gas migrates upward through the porous rock, as it is less dense than the water which fills the pores.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/513refining.html (420 words)

	Refining
		Because crude oil is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons, this first and basic refining process is aimed at separating the crude oil into its "fractions," the broad categories of its component hydrocarbons.
		Crude oil with a similar mix of physical and chemical characteristics, usually produced from a given reservoir, field or sometimes even a region, constitutes a crude oil "stream." Most simply, crude oils are classified by their density and sulfur content.
		Refiners therefore strive to run the optimal mix (or "slate") of crudes through their refineries, depending on the refinery's equipment, the desired output mix, and the relative price of available crudes.
	www.eia.doe.gov /pub/oil_gas/petroleum/analysis_publications/oil_market_basics/refining_text.htm (2068 words)

	Oil Refining Plant,Vegetable Oil Refining Plant,Vegetable Oil Refining Plant Manufacturers
		Refining of vegetable oils is essential to ensure removal of gums, waxes, phosphatides and free fatty acid (F. F.A.) from the oil; to impart uniform colour by removal of colouring pigments and to get rid of unpleasant smell from the oil by removal of odiferous matter.
		Refining of vegetable oils is essential to ensure removal of Gums, Waxes, Phosphatides and Free Fatty Acids (F.F.A.) from the oils.
		Here the oils are given acidic treatment where by gums are precipitated and separated out by centrifugal separation or some times only gum conditioning is carried out (when gum content is low) and gums are separated in subsequent neutralising process.
	www.troikaindia.com /refinery-plant.html (647 words)

	The Hendrix Group - petroleum refining corrosion
		Refining is the processing of one complex mixture of hydrocarbons into a number of other complex mixtures of hydrocarbons.
		Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules, which are organic compounds of carbon and hydrogen atoms that may include from one to 60 carbon atoms.
		The feedstock crude oil is heated to between 150° and 350°F to reduce viscosity and surface tension for easier mixing and separation of the water.
	www.hghouston.com /refining.html (8939 words)

	Extreme Oil . The Science \| PBS
		Regardless of origin, crude oil consists overwhelmingly of hydrocarbons -- hundreds and hundreds of configurations of carbon and hydrogen atoms, linked together in chains of varying length and complexity.
		It is telling that the dominance of the Standard Oil monopoly was, in the early stages, almost synonymous with its refining capacity.
		Refining, then, as now, is a relatively slow and stable, and often low margin business -- an essential, but not attention-grabbing, part of the oil-supply chain.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/extremeoil/science/refining.html (601 words)

	Oil and gas production; oil refining: The Industry - Sectoral Activities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oil and gas reserves are heavily concentrated in the Middle East and, for gas, in the Russian Federation.
		Refining is more widely distributed and tends to be located in or near the markets where the products are consumed.
		World oil refining capacity has steadily grown in the past decade, reaching about 81 million barrels per day, about 43 million barrels or 53% of which are produced in OECD countries.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/dialogue/sector/sectors/oilgas.htm (296 words)

	Refining Overview Treatment
		Crude oil contains a small percentage of salt water (which is present in the rock formations from which it is pumped) and a small amount of solids, which must be removed so that they do not plug up or corrode the processing equipment.
		To break the emulsion, chemicals are added to the crude oil, and the oil passes through an electrically charged grid, which separates the oil from the water and solids.
		The oil is washed with additional water to be sure all the salt and solids are removed, and the water, salts and solids are sent to the wastewater treatment plant where oil and solids are recovered.
	www.fhr.com /refining101/treatment.aspx (393 words)

	Oil contamination solutions by Refining Systems, Inc.
		With the Filmax oil refiner, the 1,000 hour minimum oil drain intervals are being easily obtained and 1,500 to 2,000 hour documented oil drain intervals are becoming common.
		Oil drain intervals are safely and easily extended by a guaranteed minimum of four times through the use of this system.
		This oil refining system is designed for large and small marine, industrial and locomotive diesel engines and uses engine oil pressure to force the oil through the unit while maintaining engine oil pressure, volume and flow.
	www.refiningsystems.net /oil-contamination.html (1007 words)

	The Oil Drum \| Discussions about Energy and Our Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Crude oil is made up of a mixture of hydro-carbons, which are the different ways in which carbon and hydrogen can combine, starting with such simple compounds as methane (CH4) and progressing to more complex ones with greater numbers of carbon atoms.
		Oils from different places have different combinations of the major constituents, for example, this is from Kuwait.
		The US House of Representatives just passed a new bill to increase refining capacity by a narrow vote, largely along partisan lines with 13 Republican defectors siding against the bill.
	www.theoildrum.com /tag/refining (499 words)

	The Oil Drum \| Refining the Plateau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Refining was not a profitable industry and did not proivide acceptable returns on investment.
		A few weeks ago, a EIA weekly petroleum status report was reporting that refiners seemed not to use their capacity at the fullest despite very good margins which could be an indication that the fraction of heavy crude within the inventories was higher than usual.
		The traditional assertion is that demand for oil is inelastic in the short-term and elastic in the long-term.
	www.theoildrum.com /story/2006/1/5/31649/28371 (11498 words)

	U.S. Oil & Refining Company
		U.S. Oil & Refining Co. was organized in 1952 as a privately held corporation, then named Pacific Oil and Refining Co. The company was formed for purpose of building an oil refinery in the Pacific Northwest.
		A second crude unit, capable of processing heavy crude oil, used in the manufacture of paving grade asphalt, became operational in 1959.
		This division is located in Los Angeles, the center of activity for the purchasing and shipment of crude oil on the West Coast.
	www.usor.com /about/history.html (536 words)

	An MBendi Profile: Africa: Oil and Gas - Oil Refining - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The major refining centres in Africa are in South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt and Algeria.
		The 6,000 b/d refinery in In Amenas was shutdown in 1986.
		For more information on African oil refineries, buy the only comprehensive report ever prepared on this subject: Oil Refining in Subsaharan Africa - a study by Citac Africa LLP the 'African Energy Specialists' who have special knowledge of refining and petroleum products marketing in West and Central Africa.
	www.mbendi.co.za /reaf.htm (1467 words)

	Environmental Defense - Oil Refining - Main Page
		According to a landmark study, 99.7 percent by weight of crude oil arriving at Amoco's Yorktown, Virginia refinery was converted to product or fuel for the refinery; and only 0.3 percent of the oil was released to the environment as pollution in one form or another.
		Since an average-size refinery processes over 90,000 barrels of oil daily, that 0.3 percent can result in the release of more than 11,000 gallons of oil to air, land, or water every day -- and that does not count releases of any of the other chemicals used in refineries.
		Crude oil is a mixture of thousands of different hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon), as well as such undesirable impurities as sulfur, nitrogen, and metals.
	www.environmentaldefense.org /article.cfm?ContentID=1537 (421 words)

	Thermopac Boilers Pvt. Ltd. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The plant is for processing waste lube oil and industrial oils, using high vacuum molecular distillation technology.
		Besides the plant can handle with ease, used transformer oils, turbine oils, hydraulic oil etc. The plant is modular in construction and to increase the capacity of the plant, with common storage, infrastructure, testing facilities, molecular distillation modules can be added.
		The Used oil is available from garages, service stations and mechanic shops, after oil is drained from automobiles and industrial machineries.
	www.thermopac.in /oilrefinery.html (677 words)

	SAIC: Oil & Gas: Refining & Petrochemicals
		The refining sector of the petroleum industry is focused on the management and optimization of the processes associated with converting crude oil into petroleum and chemical products.
		SAIC has core competencies in providing real-time process monitoring and control systems that are used to monitor and control nuclear and fossil-fired power plants and oil and gas transmission pipelines in more than 80 separate installations worldwide.
		A virtual prototype of the refining process includes detailed modeling of both physical and facilities processes.
	www.saic.com /energy/oilgas/refpet.html (808 words)

	NETL: TD&R - Refining & Processing - Oil Processing
		Oil industry funding for downstream research and development has focused on meeting environmental regulations and resolving operational issues.
		Heavy crude oils, such as those in California and in much of the Western Hemisphere, are generally more difficult to refine than lighter crudes.
		One heavy oil processing project uses a combination of molecular modeling with experimental results to develop a method to reduce naphthenic acids from heavy crude oils.
	www.netl.doe.gov /technologies/oil-gas/TDR/RefiningProcessing/OilProcessing/Oil_Processing.html (807 words)

	Oil Refining - Neste Oil Com
		Neste Oil owns and operates two oil refineries in Finland, located in Porvoo on the southern coast and in Naantali on the southwestern coast of Finland.
		Neste Oil began oil refining operations at Naantali in 1957 and at Porvoo in 1965.
		Today Neste Oil is a leading independent Northern European oil refining and marketing company, with a focus on advanced, clean traffic fuels.
	www.nesteoil.com /default.asp?path=1,41,539,1155 (315 words)

	WA Industrial Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The main source of crude oil is from tankers delivering oil from Alaska's Prudhoe Bay oil field.
		More recently the refineries are refining or investigating refining other sources of crude oil.
		The latest round of NPDES permits for the Washington state refineries required each refinery to conduct a pollution prevention study to evaluate the contaminant sources to process wastewater and potential pollution prevention measures to reduce the contaminant load.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/swfa/industrial/oil1.html (238 words)

	Oil and gas production; oil refining: ILO Activities - Sectoral Activities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention, 1993 (No. 174) and its accompanying Recommendation, 1993 (No. 181) are concerned with the prevention of large-scale disasters such as fires and explosions, and the oil and gas industries are among the sectors principally concerned.
		In February 1998 an international tripartite meeting on employment and industrial relations issues in oil refining was held in Geneva.
		The meeting adopted conclusions that include proposals for action by governments, and by employers' and workers' organizations at the national level, as well as by the ILO.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/dialogue/sector/sectors/oilgas/iloact.htm (339 words)

	Time to Remove Barriers to Boosting Oil Refining Capacity
		The high price of oil is the main reason that the price of gasoline has nearly doubled over the last three years, but it is not the only reason.
		As a result, refining capacity in the U.S. is barely adequate under ideal circumstances and is vulnerable to adverse events.
		The refining industry has embarked on expansions that will help ease the burden, but that process is slow and beset by regulatory roadblocks.
	www.heritage.org /Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm1174.cfm (929 words)

	Denver Stock Exchange Oil and Refining certificates
		The oil and gas industry has a rich and somewhat obscure history throughout the United States and we are pleased to offer these fine, historical certificates for your collection.
		Underprint vignette is a sketch of a refinery with railroad cars in front as well as an oil field vignette.
		Attractive Texas oil certificate with very ornate border scroll work with an ornate vignette of a nude maiden flying on the back of a Bald Eagle while holding a small Bi-Plane.
	www.denverstockexchange.com /Oil_Refining.htm (427 words)

	The Latest Technologies Come to Emu Oil Refining
		Longview Farms decided it prudent to undertake a study and analysis of several brands of Emu oil and compare it to Molecular Distilled oil.
		The goal of the exercise was to refine each individual purchase of oil by Molecular Distillation to determine if undesirable impurities could be extracted and thereby make the conventionally processed oils more pure.
		The first and second tests involved emu oil that used to be considered the best and purest that our industry had to offer (AEA Certified Fully Refined).
	www.emu-oil.com /EmuOilTestArticleRev050305.htm (866 words)

	Refining Overview Separation
		A large part of refining involves separating the different fractions of crude oil and other intermediate streams.
		Asphalt can either be sold to make roads and roofing materials, or it can be thermally cracked in a coker, where under high temperatures, the asphalt breaks down into a synthetic crude oil, producing the same products as crude oil as well as petroleum coke.
		However, the crude oil that FHR processes doesn't make very good lubricating oil, so like asphalt it is catalytically cracked into another synthetic crude oil.
	www.fhr.com /Refining101/separation.aspx (272 words)

	Refining Problems Swell Oil Prices - Forbes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Greater investment in oil refineries is needed to bring down the price of oil, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries President (OPEC) and Kuwaiti Oil Minister Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahd Al-Sabah said last weekend.
		The reality is that both issues are affecting the price of oil, but investment in refining facilities has been lacking for too long.
		The major problem with the refining industry is its need to upgrading capacity--upgrading oil from sour to sweeter crudes--rather than primary distillation capacity--the first process in refining, whereby a barrel of crude is "cooked" to split it into the various products.
	www.forbes.com /home/energy/2005/05/30/cz_0530oxanoil.html (890 words)

	Oil refinery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is difficult to exactly state which is largest oil refinery in the world.
		The Guiness Book of World Records now (October 2006) records the BP Amoco refinery in Texas City, USA, as the refinery with the largest capacity (433,000 barrels/day which is approximately 15,143,482 Imperial Gallon).
		In fact, obtaining a permit to build even a modern refinery with minimal impact on the environment (other than CO2 emmissions) is so difficult and costly that no new refineries have been built in the United States since 1976.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_refining (1667 words)

	Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Over a period of decades, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey had bought up virtually all of the oil refining companies in the United States.
		Initially, the growth of Standard Oil was driven by superior refining technology and consistency in the kerosene products (i.e., product standardization) that were the main use of oil in the early decades of the company's existence.
		The management of Standard Oil then reinvested their profits in the acquisition most of the refining capacity in the Cleveland area, then a center of oil refining, until they controlled the refining capacity of that key production market.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_Oil_Co._of_New_Jersey_v._United_States (661 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)