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Topic: Oil spill

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	Oil Spills
		Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause an oil tanker to leak oil into the ocean.
		If workers have found sea birds that are not dead because of oil, they will take the birds to a cleaning center or captivity where they are kept in a facility because they can not live in the wild on their own.
		Oil spills are one of the many ways killer whales have become endangered.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0215471/oil_spills.htm (3016 words)

	1985 Grand Eagle Oil Spill
		Oil spills can have numerous adverse effects on marine life in coastal environments where wetlands, bottom sediments, and recreational activities are concentrated.
		Oil was still present on these plants one month after the oil spill although the oiled unvegetated beach around Battery Park had been cleaned up by October/November.
		Local weather conditions, nature of the oil spilled (light crude is considered to be less toxic than refined oil), and the fact that the spill occurred as plants were entering their dormant stage probably contributed to the minimal impact that the oil had on the marsh.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /oilspill/Grandeagle.html (1336 words)

	The Mariner Group -- Oil Spill History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Some 6 1/2 miles of oil containment booms were positioned in the river and at the entrance to several creeks, and an estimated 80,000 gallons of spilled oil were recovered in 24-hour-a-day operations since the leak occurred.
		The cause of the spill is the USS Mississinewa, a 553-foot Navy oiler sunk in 1944 by a one-man Japanese suicide submarine.
		The spill was caused by a leak in a Kuwaiti tanker carrying 160,000 tonnes of crude, after it collided with a dredger further south on December 14.
	www.marinergroup.com /oil-spill-history.htm (8323 words)

	Oil Spill Reponse
		Mechanical recovery is the transfer of oil from the water surface to some transportable form of temporary storage by the help of booms to contain or divert oil, skimmers or sorbents to recover or remove it from the water surface, hoses, and pumps (Institute of Petroleum, 1975).
		Oil containment and recovery is an urgent operation which should not be held up while problems associated with the ultimate disposal of the recovered oil are solved.
		Oil spills cannot be stopped, but one can hope that through adequate preparation, oil spills and be effectively contained and recovered thus minimizing its effect on the environment.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~sustain/global/sensem/S98/Aynechi/Oil.html (5498 words)

	Oil spill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An oil spill (or slick) is the intentional or unintentional release of oil (generally, petroleum) into the natural environment as a result of human activity.
		The term often refers to marine oil spills where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters.
		Oil is also released into the environment from natural geologic seeps on the seafloor, as along the California coastline.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_spill (588 words)

	Taxes > Other > Oil Spill Tax (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tax is sent monthly on the Oil Spill Tax Return to the Department of Revenue.
		one cent per barrel goes to the oil spill response account and is contingent upon the balance in the account.
		The funds are used to cover state response costs to oil spills which involve clean-up costs in excess of $50,000.
	dor.wa.gov /content/taxes/other/tax_oilspill.aspx (157 words)

	Division of Environmental Quality
		The challenge of managing oil spills in the United States is increasing in complexity and magnitude.
		Oil spills threaten millions of miles of coastline, river systems, lakes and terrestrial habitat daily, particularly where there is extensive oil drilling, refining, and transport.
		In addition, since the resources necessary to respond to oil spills are limited and vary among the response agencies, it is more important than ever to establish and strengthen cooperative relationships.
	www.fws.gov /contaminants/Issues/OilSpill.cfm (313 words)

	IPIECA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This guide focuses on the transportation of oil by ship and is the result of a collaborative effort by many organisations who have an interest in the prevention and/or mitigation of oil pollution and its effects on the marine environment.
		Oil spill response plans to address habitat protection options are discussed, along with clean-up methods, with reference to case history experience and results from field experiments.
		When an oil spill occurs, the issue of Health and Safety is of critical concern, and should form the cornerstone of all oil spill preparatory measures.
	www.ipieca.org /publications/oilspill.html (1595 words)

	NOAA's National Ocean Service Office of Response and Restoration \| Emergency Response \| Responding to Oil Spills
		Oil spills into rivers, bays, and the ocean are caused by accidents involving tankers, barges, pipelines, refineries, and storage facilities, usually while the oil is being transported to us, its users (as in the photo at right, which shows a supertanker, the Amoco Cadiz, sinking off the coast of France in 1978).
		Oil destroys the insulating ability of fur-bearing mammals, such as sea otters, and the water-repelling abilities of a bird's feathers, thus exposing these creatures to the harsh elements.
		Which methods and tools people choose depends on the circumstances of each event: the weather, the type and amount of oil spilled, how far away from shore the oil has spilled, whether or not people live in the area, what kinds of bird and animal habitats are in the area, and other factors.
	response.restoration.noaa.gov /kids/spills.html (1189 words)

	Auke Bay Laboratory Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Research (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ABL has conducted research on the effects of the 1989 oil spill on fish and invertebrates of PWS and has monitored the persistence of oil in the environment.
		Although it has been 14 years since the spill, oil still remains in the impacted area—intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats are still contaminated, some species have not recovered, and the production of the ecosystem appears "out of sync" as major salmon and herring fisheries have not returned to stability.
		EVOS projects at ABL include 1) monitoring the persistence of oil in the environment, 2) developing methods to restore oiled mussel beds which may act as a pathway for oil to enter the food chain to consumer species, and 3) investigating the effects of oil on salmon and herring reproduction.
	www.afsc.noaa.gov /abl/OilSpill/oilspill.htm (272 words)

	NOAA Fisheries Alaska Office of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Damage Assessment and Restoration
		Long-Term Ecosystem Response to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.
		On March 24, 1989 the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling an estimated 11 million gallons of crude oil across 1,300 miles of coastline - a catastrophic event that lead to one of the most thorough examinations of the effects of oil on the environment.
		The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Trustee Council was established with funds from the legal settlement between the State of Alaska, the Federal Government and Exxon to develop research, restoration and habitat conservation plans for the spill area.
	www.fakr.noaa.gov /oil (399 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| Alaska hit by 'massive' oil spill
		The spill was detected on 2 March and plugged.
		The spill covers about two acres (one hectare) of the snow-covered tundra in the sparsely populated region on Alaska's north coast, some 1,040km (650 miles) north of the state's biggest city, Anchorage.
		The source of the spill was a hole caused by internal corrosion in the pipeline, officials say.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/americas/4795866.stm (435 words)

	The Bird Site: Oil Spill
		Examine the consequences of an oil spill for a bird though a hands-on experiment.
		Background: Oil spills are just one of the ways that humans can have a harmful affect on bird populations.
		Oil from spills coats birds' feathers, destroying their ability to repel water.
	www.nhm.org /birds/guide/classroom/oilspill.html (313 words)

	IBRRC: Ventura oil spill response
		Early reports tied the oil in the water to the disastrous mudslide that struck the La Conchita area on January 11, 2005.
		In this spill it is the San Pedro bird center for treatment.
		First, IBRRC acts as the lead oiled bird response organization that, under the management of the OWCN, responds to most of the oil spills that affect birds, reptiles and fresh water aquatic mammals in California.
	www.ibrrc.org /ventura05_spill.html (590 words)

	Oil Spills \| Emergency Management \| US EPA
		EPA seeks to prevent, prepare for, and respond to oil spills that occur in and around inland waters of the United States.
		EPA is the lead federal response agency for oil spills occurring in inland waters, and the U.S. Coast Guard is the lead response agency for spills in coastal waters and deepwater ports.
		Under the National Contingency Plan, EPA is the lead federal response agency for oil spills occurring in inland waters, and the U.S. Coast Guard is the lead response agency for spills in coastal waters and deepwater ports.
	www.epa.gov /oilspill (401 words)

	Environmental Contaminants - Oil Spill Response
		The goal of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Oil Spill Program is to emphasize early (contingency) planning and cooperation at the local, regional and national level in an effort to minimize the injury to fish, wildlife, and sensitive environments from oil spills.
		We monitor spill recovery efforts to ensure that trust resources are protected following an incident and during response and cleanup activities.
		Oil: When it heats our homes and powers our vehicles, it is a necessity.
	www.fws.gov /northeast/nyfo/ec/oilspill.htm (361 words)

	NOAA's Ocean Service Office of Response and Restoration \| Emergency Response \| Responding to Oil Spills
		Coral Reefs and Oil Spills: A Guided Tour Get a basic overview of coral ecology, learn what types of things can harm coral, and see how responders must handle fragile coral reefs in their response and restoration efforts.
		NOAA Responds to International Oil Spills OR&R responded to two large oil spills in the Philippines and Lebanon.
		Oil Trajectory Prediction Here's how our computer model predicted the oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez would travel across Prince William Sound, Alaska, during the first week after that spill started in March 1989.
	response.restoration.noaa.gov /oilaids.html (1825 words)

	Oil Spill Prevention and Response
		Field drills are conducted to evaluate preparedness to react to an oil spill.
		A spill from a tanker not at berth or transiting Port Valdez is covered under the Prince William Sound Tanker Spill Prevention and Response Plan.
		Although a spill from the tanker is the responsibility of the tanker owner, Alyeska has contracted to provide initial oil spill response to those tankers.
	www.alyeska-pipe.com /Pipelinefacts/OilSpillPreventionAndResponse.html (728 words)

	Oil Spill Task Force Home
		The West Coast Offshore Vessel Traffic Risk Management (WCOVTRM) Project was initiated by the Pacific States/British Columbia Oil Spill Task Force in response to concerns that both tank and non-tank vessels transiting the Pacific Coast could pose a risk to sensitive coastal resources from oil or hazardous cargo spills caused by collisions or drift groundings.
		This report to the States/British Columbia Oil Spill Task Force compiles recommendations to prevent human error oil spills from oil-handling facilities, marinas and boatyards, tankers and tank barge tow vessels, and bunkering operations.
		Two workgroups sponsored by the States/British Columbia Oil Spill Task Force produced a joint report to the Task Force Members in 1995 on the issues surrounding the use of dispersants and in situ burning as spill response tools.
	www.oilspilltaskforce.org /projectreports.htm (1215 words)

	UW EH&S - Oil spill prevention (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An incidental spill is a minor spill that can be contained with materials and personnel on hand, with very low risk of drainage to a storm drain system or soil.
		A minor spill is a spill large enough that it will likely flow to local curbed areas (with storm drain inlets) or soil.
		For example, a spill of two gallons of oil at the Marine Sciences Building loading dock might drain directly to water; if there is any real risk of it doing so, it qualifies as a "major" spill.
	www.ehs.washington.edu /epo/spills/oilspills.shtm (716 words)

	.: Oil Spill Lebanon
		Oil spill status after almost one year from the start of the spill:
		A lot of the collected oil is still on the beach, especially in Jiyyeh, Ramlet El Beidah, and Jbeil.
		The Ministry of Environment is putting the responsibility on the parties that have cleaned the beaches, saying that they have requested from these parties to transport the collected oil and oil-waste to predetermined temporary storage areas, one in the North and one in the South of Lebanon.
	www.oilspilllebanon.org (79 words)

	oil spill school
		Oil industry representatives from around the country will come to the Port of Long Beach next Monday to learn the latest oil spill response techniques.
		The Pacific Spill Control School is a five-day, 40-hour course that combines classroom time and hands-on training for agencies such as the U.S. Coast Guard, the National Response Corporation, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Fish and Game.
		Once they are out on boats, the students will use peat moss to simulate an oil spill in the water, according to Markle.
	www.gazettes.com /oilspill04202006.html (541 words)

	Oil Spill, oil spill, oil spill
		After two consecutive oil and grease residual tests indicated a very high count, a determination was made to fully document a second trial test with SOLUTION 2000™ Colloidal Agent in an attempt to alleviate this situation.
		The areas were flushed and the action resulted in the heavy buildup of oil and grease being broken down and flushed into the drains in these areas.
		Treatment of the Detention Pond will no longer be required, as the oil will be introduced to the Detention Pond with the molecules of oil separated and held in Colloidal Suspension in the water.
	www.envirosan.com /oilspill.html (1276 words)

	WWF - November 2002 - Oil spill off Spain's NW coast
		In a way, it would be tempting to say that the initial concerns were over-alarmist, or even that local communities actually perversely gained something from the Prestige oil spill.
		And in August 2003 we discovered that the spill was much larger than initially estimated (60% larger, making a total of 64,000 tonnes).
		Having had five oil slicks in the last three decades, Galicia now stands in the unenviable position of being the world’s top laboratory for studying the long term impacts of this kind of catastrophe.
	www.panda.org /news_facts/crisis/spain_oil_spill/index.cfm (370 words)

	RIGZONE - Oil & Gas Directory - Oil Spill
		Both eliminate the hazardous characteristics of the spill or waste such as ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity.
		Spill containment and prevention products are also part of the product line.
		A manufacturer of oil spill containment booms, oil recovery skimmers, boom storage reels, pollution equipment storage trailers, containment berms and temporary water storage tanks.
	www.rigzone.com /search/p/products/o/oil_spill (1198 words)

	Golden Gate National Recreational Area - Oil Spill in San Francisco Bay (U.S. National Park Service)
		Swimmers and recreational users are cautioned to avoid pilings, lines and vessels due to the potential for contact with oil residue.
		Members of the public without proper training should not attempt to collect the oil, since it needs to be disposed of properly to prevent broader contamination and re-introduction to the environment.
		In addition, exposure to the oil can be hazardous for your health.
	www.nps.gov /goga/sf_oil-spill.htm (577 words)

	Alaska Oil Spill Fuels Concerns Over Arctic Wildlife, Future Drilling
		A recent spill of about 267,000 gallons (1 million liters) of oil in the tundra of Alaska's North Slope is raising a new round of questions from environmental groups about proposed plans to open more land in the region to oil drilling.
		The oil spill happened in the Prudhoe Bay oil field in late February, but it was not discovered for five days.
		The Prudhoe Bay oil spill went undetected for five days before a field worker smelled the crude oil while driving through the area on March 2, an official with oil company BP said at a news conference in Anchorage on March 14.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2006/03/0320_060320_alaska_oil.html (467 words)

	CNN.com - Nature - Ecuador's president declares emergency over Galapagos oil-spill threat - January 22, 2001
		A U.S. Coast Guard team was on the scene Monday attempting to pump the remaining oil off the crippled tanker before the spill causes more damage to the nature reserve.
		He said the current was pushing the oil toward the southern part of Santa Cruz, the chain's most populated island.
		In 1959, 97 percent of the land area of the islands was declared a national park by Ecuador.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/NATURE/01/22/galapagos.spill.03 (687 words)

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