Oil-for-Food Program

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	Oil-for-Food Programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Oil-for-Food Program, established by the United Nations in 1996 and terminated in late 2003, was intended to allow Iraq to sell oil on the world market in exchange for food, medicine, and other humanitarian needs for ordinary Iraqi citizens without allowing Iraq to rebuild its military.
		The oil ministry was headed by allies of Ahmed Chalabi, controversial member of the Iraqi governing council who had been widely criticized for supplying the US with bogus information during the lead up to the war.
		These contracts for Iraqi oil could then be sold on the open world market and the seller was allowed to keep a transaction fee, said to be between $0.15 and $0.50/barrel (0.94 and 3.14 $/m³) of oil sold.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_for_Food_program (4915 words)

	Oil for Food program
		Food for livestock is fodder and traditionally comprises hay or grain.
		Oil is frequently used to refer to petroleum – Oil is used frequently in politics and the media when referring to dependence on "foreign oil", or oil that is imported from other countries.
		Food is the main source of energy and of nutrition for animals, and is usually of animal or plant origin.
	www.33beat.com /Oil%20for%20Food%20program.html (5670 words)

	ZNet Iraq Scandals of Oil for Food
		Today's spotlight on alleged corruption in the program, in addition to being tinged with reflexive right-wing hostility to the UN, reveals the collective amnesia about the effects of the economic sanctions that made Oil for Food necessary in the first place.
		While Oil for Food funds may have improperly ended up in the hands of Saddam Hussein's government, the fundamental responsibility for the humanitarian crisis was the sanctions regime imposed on Iraq by the Security Council, and then enforced in an extraordinarily harsh way at the insistence of the US and Britain.
		When the program was formally terminated in November 2003, $31 billion of humanitarian aid had been delivered, primarily food and medicine, but also items for water and sewage treatment, electricity production, transportation and agriculture.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=5909 (2617 words)

	Oil-for-Food: Facts
		The GAO, in its "Observations on the Oil for Food Program"
		UN oil overseers first alerted the Security Council's 661 Committee on November 17, 2000 that the oil pricing formulas proposed by Iraq for the month of December did not represent "fair market value," because the oil appeared to be considerably under-priced.
		Regarding oil surcharges, the 661 Committee did not reach consensus as to how to address the problem until October, 2001, when the Committee decided to introduce a "retroactive pricing mechanism" for Iraqi oil in an attempt to eliminate the surcharges on oil.
	www.oilforfoodfacts.org (3234 words)

	U.N. Oil-for-Food Program Is A Windfall For Saddam
		The oil-for-food program was created in 1995, and first implemented in 1997, as a temporary framework through which Iraq could sell oil in exchange for imports that international experts determined to be incompatible with military use.
		These resolutions created what has come to be known as the oil-for-food program, also known as the largest, richest humanitarian program in history, and they are anything but beside the point of the war-or-peace calculations that are going on right now.
		In other words, even after the oil-for-food program, there may well have to be some kind of oil-for-food program.
	www.iraqfoundation.org /news/2002/joct/7_audit.html (1579 words)

	AP: Saddam abused oil-for-food program
		The oil-for-food program, which ran from 1996 to 2003, was created to permit the former Iraqi government to sell limited amounts of oil in exchange for humanitarian goods as an exception to U.N. sanctions imposed after Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait.
		Saddam was able to "subvert" the $60 billion U.N. oil-for-food program to generate an estimated $1.7 billion in revenue outside U.N. control from 1997-2003, the Duelfer report said.
		In addition to oil-for-food schemes, Iraq brought in over $8 billion in illicit oil deals with Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Egypt through smuggling or illegal pumping through pipelines during the full period that sanctions were in place, the report added.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1254640/posts (2215 words)

	Oil-for-Food Programme - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		US oil companies Chevron, Mobil, Texaco and Bay Oil as well as three individual oil investors obtained oil from Saddam Hussein under the Oil-for-Food Programme, the Chief Arms Inspector for the Central Intelligence Agency concludes in his report.
		In the run-up to the release of the Volcker investigation on corruption in the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, right-wing UN critics continue to exaggerate the scale of malpractice.
		Rather, the program’s failures stem from Security Council member states — particularly the US and UK — and their hurried efforts to implement an ill-conceived program in the wake of economic sanctions and the first Gulf War.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/iraq1/oilindex.htm (2500 words)

	Audits Reveal Oil-for-Food Bilking
		"It appears the OFFP management was not quick to react to criticism and was either unable or unwilling to address issues raised," the report stated referring to the oil-for-food program.
		UN-Habitat was one of nine U.N. agencies that helped implement humanitarian aid in Iraq under the $60 billion oil-for-food program that was created as a humanitarian exemption to sanctions imposed on Iraq after the 1990 invasion of Kuwait, which led to the 1991 Gulf War.
		The United Nations conceded that the audits illustrate negligent management of contracts but said they also show that the world body was monitoring itself during the oil-for-food program.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2005/1/9/144633.shtml (1183 words)

	The U.N. Oil for Food scandal - The Washington Times: Editorials/OP-ED
		Most disturbing are Iraqi records that suggest Benon Sevan, the executive director of the Oil for Food office, received a voucher for 11.5 million barrels of oil from Saddam's manipulation of the program — enough to yield a profit of between $575,000 and $3.5 million.
		The intent of the program was to sell Iraqi oil to pay for food and medicine for the Iraqi people, who were suffering due to sanctions.
		But the mounting evidence of scandal that has been uncovered in the U.N. Oil For Food program suggests that there was never a serious possibility of getting Security Council support for military action because influential people in Russia and France were getting paid off by Saddam.
	www.washtimes.com /op-ed/20040321-101405-2593r.htm (546 words)

	UN Office of the Iraq Program - Oil-for-Food
		The Oil-for-Food Programme was established by the Security Council on
		Some 3.4 billion barrels of Iraqi oil valued at about $65 billion were exported under the Programme between December 1996 and 20 March 2003.
		The balance went to: Gulf War reparations through a Compensation Fund (25 per cent since December 2000); UN administrative and operational costs for the programme (2.2 per cent) and costs for the weapons inspection programme (0.8 per cent).
	www.un.org /Depts/oip/index.html (714 words)

	Claudia Rosett on Oil-for-Food & Terrorism on National Review Online
		As Oil-for-Food worked in practice, however, the program gave Saddam rich opportunity not only to pad his own pockets, but to fund almost anything and anyone else he chose, while the U.N. assured the world that all was well.
		The stated aim of the program, which ran from 1996-2003, was to reduce the squeeze of sanctions on ordinary Iraqis by allowing Saddam to sell oil strictly to buy food and other relief supplies.
		One was the U.N. decision to allow Saddam to choose his own buyers of oil and suppliers of goods — an arrangement that Annan himself helped set up during negotiations in Baghdad in the mid-1990s, shortly before he was promoted to Secretary-General.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/rosett200404182336.asp (1584 words)

	UN Oil-for-Food Program: Scams R Us - The New American - April 19, 2004
		It is bad enough that the gigantic fraud involved in the UN-administered oil-for-food program robbed Iraqi and Kurdish children of life-saving food and medicine and lined the pockets of UN kleptocrats.
		At the center of the latest UN corruption cesspool are Kofi Annan’s hand-picked director of the oil-for-food program, Benon Sevan, and Annan’s son, Kojo Annan.
		UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and his son Kojo are at the center of an enormous scandal involving Saddam Hussein’s $100 billion oil-for-food program.
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/2004/04-19-2004/un.htm (1531 words)

	UN Office of the Iraq Program - Oil for Food: About the Program
		The first Iraqi oil under the Oil-for-Food Programme was exported in December 1996 and the first shipments of food arrived in March 1997.
		Resolution 986: On 14 April 1995, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Security Council adopted resolution 986, establishing the "oil-for-food" programme, providing Iraq with another opportunity to sell oil to finance the purchase of humanitarian goods, and various mandated United Nations activities concerning Iraq.
		In 1998, the limit on the level of Iraqi oil exports under the programme was raised to $5.26 billion every six months, again with two-thirds of the oil proceeds earmarked to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people.
	www.un.org /Depts/oip/background (1081 words)

	Firms in Iraq's Oil-for-Food Program Revealed (washingtonpost.com)
		The 300-page list provides the most comprehensive public account to date of Iraq's business dealings under the former program, under which Iraq was allowed to sell oil to purchase humanitarian supplies.
		But U.S. oil companies, which consumed more than 40 percent of Iraq's exported oil, were forced to purchase through foreign traders.
		He also noted that it was legal for the companies listed to trade with Iraq through the program.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A52682-2004Oct21.html (688 words)

	The UN embargo and oil-for-food program (from Iraq) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It promised a temporary suspension of economic sanctions on Iraq for four months (renewable) if Iraq demonstrated “cooperation” on all aspects of the UN-mandated program to dismantle its weapons of mass destruction and agreed to the readmission of UN arms inspectors.
		Includes information on reporting oil spills and a review of relevant U.S. legislation and regulations.
		Fats and oils from plants and animals are chemical compounds called esters, combinations of glycerin with various fatty acids.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-232298 (899 words)

	Oil Industry and Congress Attack Oil-for-Food Program in Iraq
		Although the Oil-for-Food Program is inadequate due to the disrepair of Iraq’s oil infrastructure, doing away with the program without lifting economic sanctions would be disastrous.
		He declared that the Oil-for-Food program was woefully inadequate, doing little to end the humanitarian crisis.
		Keeping Iraqi oil off the market and gaining political capitol for being “tough on Saddam” and “supporting the troops” seems to be the driving force behind America’s Iraq policy.
	www.washingtonpeacecenter.org /articles/oilforfood.html (1193 words)

	Democracy Now! Fmr. Iraq Oil-For Food Head: Kofi Annan "Should Open the Doors, Open the Files"
		Denis Halliday, the former head of the UN Humanitarian Program in Iraq during the Oil-for-Food program discusses the brewing scandal at the UN, which is facing widespread charges of bribery, corruption and is accused of a cover-up.
		And likewise, when it came to the sale of oil by Iraq, including some 40% going to American companies indirectly, including Chevron, of Miss Rice at one stage, they also paid those kickbacks indirectly and certainly in full knowledge of what they were doing.
		It was agreed upon with Turkey, because Turkey is an ally, a friendly NATO member and so on, and this was compensation to Turkey for the loss of revenue given the sanctions on Iraq, its close trading neighbor and partner.
	www.democracynow.org /article.pl?sid=04/11/17/1524256 (1265 words)

	Negroponte Pledges Support of Oil-for-Food Probe
		The inquiry "will investigate allegations of fraud and corruption in the administration and management of the Oil-for-Food Program, including those against United Nations personnel, contractors and entities that entered into contracts with the U.N. or with Iraq under the program," he said.
		That program allowed Iraq to import humanitarian goods by using the proceeds from authorized oil sales while remaining under U.N. sanctions on imports other than for food and medicine, he said.
		The Oil-for-Food Program allowed for the import of humanitarian goods using the proceeds from authorized Iraqi oil sales while maintaining sanctions on imports other than food and medicine.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=April&x=20040407150729adynned0.5994379&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html (1265 words)

	UNITED NATIONS WATCH
		Raw Data: Dig Deeper into the Oil for Food Program - September 17, 2004
		Iraqis Suffered Under Oil for Food Program - September 22, 2004
		Possible Sadam Al Qaeda Link in UN Oil for Food Program - September 20, 2004
	www.contenderministries.org /UN/unwatch.php (1265 words)

	Report Adds to Oil-For-Food Allegations (phillyBurbs.com)
		The oil-for-food program was designed to allow limited oil sales to pay for humanitarian goods.
		Volcker has refused to share with Congress documents for their probes, including 55 internal audits of the oil-for-food program produced by the United Nations.
		The inspector's report implicates the top U.N. official overseeing the $60 billion program, accusing him of accepting bribes in the form of vouchers for Iraqi oil sales, and details Iraqi manipulation to illegally enrich Saddam's government and influence Security Council members.
	www.phillyburbs.com /pb-dyn/news/1-10072004-378712.html (1265 words)

	UNA-USA Washington Report: Oil-For-Food Allegations Examined by House Committee (5/6/04)
		The four major allegations against the OFF program, as outlined by Kennedy, include direct oil smuggling by the former Iraqi regime; manipulation of pricing on Iraqi oil exports; kickbacks on OFF humanitarian contracts; and possible abuse by U.N. personnel.
		Kennedy stated, "Following recent specific allegations of corruption by U.N. officials, we were immediately instructed by Secretary Powell to convey our concerns to U.N. Secretary-General Annan." Kennedy stressed that no U.S. government funds were involved in the program except for voluntary payments to the U.N. Guards Contingency in Northern Iraq.
		Responding to the charges of oil smuggling, Kennedy explained that, "The Multinational Maritime Interception Force (MIF) operating in the Persian Gulf" helped minimize the amount of oil taken out of Iraq illegally.
	www.unausa.org /policy/NewsActionAlerts/dc_index0506.asp (1265 words)

	UNA-USA Washington Report: Oil-For-Food Allegations Examined by Senate Foreign Relations Committee (4/16/04)
		Negroponte said, "We knew for a long time about oil smuggling," and he also acknowledged awareness of irregularities in the pricing of oil in which purchasers paid a surcharge at the time of purchase that was at variance with the agreed-upon price at the time the original contract was signed.
		Concerning actions of individual countries, Negroponte said that the U.S. "met resistance on oil pricing," indicating that there were improprieties surrounding the actual price paid for Iraqi oil.
		Addressing the allegation of corruption in the program, Negroponte noted that the United States and the United Kingdom were aware of abuse and fraud in the program and undertook bilateral efforts and actions in the 661 Sanctions Committee to stop it.
	www.unausa.org /policy/newsactionalerts/dc_index0416.asp (1265 words)

	High Plains Journal Farm and Ranch Magazine
		The United Nations World Food Program (WFP) says it will meet the Nov. 21 deadline for re-negotiating nearly 900 Oil-for-Food contracts covering food, transport and handling equipment in Iraq.
		Started in December 1996, the Oil-for-Food Program (OFFP) allowed Iraq to purchase food and other necessities using the proceeds of oil exported under UN supervision.
		WFP is now focused on this week's preparations for handing over the Oil-for-Food operation for the Public Distribution System to the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and the Iraqi Ministry of Trade.
	www.hpj.com /dtnnewstable.cfm?type=story&sid=10397 (418 words)

	Head of UN's World Food Program Resigns in Protest Over Iraq: - Islam America
		The WFP is linked to the oil-for-food program, which allows Iraq to sell Oil to buy food, medicine and other humanitarian needs for the Iraqi people.
		The WFP also distributes food aid to nearly one million needy Iraqis affected by the tough U.N. sanctions imposed on the country for its 1990 invasion of Kuwait.
		The resignations come at a time when the U.N. humanitarian program was supposed to be improving following the decision by the Security Council in December to try to get more aid to Iraqis faster.
	www.islamamerica.org /articles.cfm/article_id/30 (2492 words)

	The U.N. Oil for Food scandal - The Washington Times: Editorials/OP-ED
		Most disturbing are Iraqi records that suggest Benon Sevan, the executive director of the Oil for Food office, received a voucher for 11.5 million barrels of oil from Saddam's manipulation of the program — enough to yield a profit of between $575,000 and $3.5 million.
		But the mounting evidence of scandal that has been uncovered in the U.N. Oil For Food program suggests that there was never a serious possibility of getting Security Council support for military action because influential people in Russia and France were getting paid off by Saddam.
		The intent of the program was to sell Iraqi oil to pay for food and medicine for the Iraqi people, who were suffering due to sanctions.
	www.washtimes.com /op-ed/20040321-101405-2593r.htm (2492 words)

	Welcome to the CPA Oil for Food Transition Page
		Iraq Oil for Food program transitioned from U.N. to C.P.A. Program is administered by the C.P.A. Iraq Oil for Food program transitioned from C.P.A. to Iraqi ministries
		The CPA Oil for Food Coordination Center has closed as part of the transition of authority to the new interim Iraqi government.
		As many suppliers have already experienced, decisions regarding Oil for Food contracts were made jointly between the CPA and the Iraqi ministries.
	www.cpa-iraq.org /oil_for_food/index.html (2492 words)

	Boston.com / Business / France disputes oil-for-food allegations
		Allegations that French companies illicitly reaped financial benefits from the U.N. oil-for-food program are "inaccurate" and unsubstantiated, France said Monday in a sharp response to a U.S. arms inspector's report.
		The Foreign Ministry's response was an attempt to cast doubt on Duelfer's report, published earlier this month, listing foreign entities that received vouchers for oil contracts under the U.N. oil-for-food program.
		Corruption allegations surfaced in January in the Iraqi newspaper Al-Mada, which published a list of about 270 former government officials, activists, journalists and U.N. officials from more than 46 countries suspected of profiting from Iraqi oil sales as part of the U.N. program.
	www.boston.com /business/articles/2004/10/25/france_disputes_oil_for_food_allegations (2492 words)

	BostonHerald.com - International News: U.N. panel investigating oil-for-food corruption allegations seeks access to Iraqi records
		Police seized computers, documents related to the oil-for-food program, a report by the Oil Ministry to the Governing Council and letters from the council, he said at a news conference.
		Allegations of corruption in the program surfaced in January in the Iraqi newspaper Al-Mada, which published a list of about 270 former government officials, activists, journalists and U.N. officials from more than 46 countries suspected of profiting from Iraqi oil sales that were part of the U.N. program.
		The former Iraqi regime could sell unlimited quantities of oil provided the money went primarily to buy humanitarian goods and pay reparations to victims of the 1991 Gulf War.
	news.bostonherald.com /international/view.bg?articleid=28688 (2492 words)

	The U.N. Oil for Food scandal - The Washington Times: Editorials/OP-ED
		Most disturbing are Iraqi records that suggest Benon Sevan, the executive director of the Oil for Food office, received a voucher for 11.5 million barrels of oil from Saddam's manipulation of the program — enough to yield a profit of between $575,000 and $3.5 million.
		But the mounting evidence of scandal that has been uncovered in the U.N. Oil For Food program suggests that there was never a serious possibility of getting Security Council support for military action because influential people in Russia and France were getting paid off by Saddam.
		The intent of the program was to sell Iraqi oil to pay for food and medicine for the Iraqi people, who were suffering due to sanctions.
	washingtontimes.com /op-ed/20040321-101405-2593r.htm (2492 words)

	UN scandal tests investigators csmonitor.com
		So the Oil for Food program was hatched in 1996, which allowed Iraq to sell oil and use the proceeds to purchase food and humanitarian supplies.
		Volcker's inquiry is arguably the most significant, as he heads the UN's internal probe into what some critics describe as "the biggest financial scandal in history." An estimated $10 billion was siphoned from the $65 billion Oil for Food program.
		FLOUR POWER: An Iraqi man carried a sack of flour back in 2000, some of the relief supplies purchased under the United Nations seven-year oil-for-food program.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0715/p06s01-wogn.html (2492 words)

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In the News (Sun 27 Dec 09)