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	Okhranka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Okhrank is notoriously known for its agents provocateurs — Dr. Jacob Zhitomirsky (a leading Bolshevik and close associate of Vladimir Lenin), Yevno Azef, and Dmitry Bogrov.
		Of note is the Bloody Sunday event, when imperial guards killed hundreds of unarmed workers who were peacefully marching during a protest organized by an Okhrana agent provocateur, Father Gapon.
		Suspects captured by the Okhranka were typically given to the normal Russian judicial system, and then either executed or sent to forced labor camps known as katorgas in extremely remote areas of northeastern Siberia, although in extraordinary circumstances, the Okhrana was permitted to conduct summary executions by hanging or firing squad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Okhranka (796 words)

	Okhrana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Okhrana was under the control of the Minister of the Interior.
		Okhrana agents worked under cover and their main task was to expose political crimes before they were committed.
		In 1895 Sergei Zubatov was appointed as head of the Moscow section of Okhrana.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSokhrana.htm (838 words)

	Okhrana: The Paris Operations of the Russian Imperial Police (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Okhrana's penetration of the Bolshevik party was so extensive and so thorough that the police files constitute the most complete (and only reliable) record of the conspiratorial party's early history, internal organization, membership, and deliberations--an unintentional contribution to future historians.
		The Okhrana story illustrates what history, even narrative history that is not primarily analytical, can offer--namely, events and insights from the past that have implications for the present and the future.
		The Okhrana's main mission was dealing with the rise of the revolutionary intelligentsia in the latter part of the 19th century.
	www.cia.gov /csi/monograph/okhrana/5474-1.html (6427 words)

	Recognized HTML document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		According to some Communist versions published both before and after the revolution, tens of thousands of Okhrana officials and agents in mufti were placed in every province of the Empire to prey upon the peaceful people and brutalize them.
		The agency is pictured as running a police state within the autocracy, subject to no authority and exerting its power on all, from the Tsar and his court down to the remotest muzhiks.
		In consideration of the size and population of the Empire and the tasks that faced the Okhrana, it seems about the smallest government agency in Russia, in most of the gubernias quite insignificant.
	www.cia.gov /csi/kent_csi/docs/v10i3a06p_0001.htm (298 words)

	Was Stalin an Agent of the Tsarist Okhrana?
		That is clear because of the lack of similar stationery in the Okhrana archives in Moscow and Stanford, California.
		Okhrana officers did not even allow their secretaries to have knowledge of the real names of agents.
		Certainly the Soviet secret police, with their control over the Okhrana records and their knowledge of the history of the revolutionary movements, and their experience forging evidence linking revolutionaries to the Okhrana (for example, during the Moscow trials) cannot be excluded from the list of potential forgers.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/2808/chap3.html (15888 words)

	Roots run deep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Okhrana became the first modern intelligence service to make one of its chief priorities the theft of embassy codes and ciphers.
		The remarkable success of the Okhrana in signals intelligence would only come to a close with the opening of World War I. Although Russia's foreign intelligence collection system was diffuse and by more modern standards poorly composed, it, nevertheless, engaged in a wide-ranging collection effort.
		The Okhrana survived until March 12, 1917, when an enraged crowd broke into its headquarters in Moscow and burned the extensive archive.
	aia.lackland.af.mil /aia/homepages/pa/spokesman/Feb02/heritage.cfm (1346 words)

	The Eremin Letter
		The allegation that there was no section of the Okhrana in Eniseisk (and, therefore, no Captain Zhelezniakov to receive the Eremin letter) seems to have died off with the Levine-Aronson exchange in The New Leader.
		A few years earlier, when the debate focused on whether there was an Okhrana section at all in Eniseisk, the research Smith had done in the Okhrana archives of the Hoover Institution, as well as the research produced by the TsGAOR archivists, would have been seen as confirming the authenticity of the Eremin letter.
		The Okhrana held onto its agents by the threat of exposure.
	www.ericlee.me.uk /stalin.htm (15140 words)

	THE BLANKET * Index: Current Articles
		It was while he was in prison he agreed to become an undercover agent for the Okhrana and for 100 rubles a month Malinovsky supplied reports on Bolshevik members, locations of party meetings and storage places for illegal literature.
		A small minority of extreme revolutionaries embraced his beliefs and he soon became one of the leaders of the group's Battle Organisation, a paramilitary section of the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), which was devoted to terrorism, bank robbery, and murder.
		After which Azev helpfully gave the Okhranas the names of those involved in the assassination, bar himself of course; they were quickly rounded up and executed.
	lark.phoblacht.net /mickhall18jul.html (2425 words)

	(put title here)
		Okhrana, worked in conjunction with it, as if they were part of the same organization (which, in a
		The Okhrana thoroughly infiltrated all facets of the fledgling Bolshevik party.
		"The extent of the Okhrana penetration of the Bolshevik
	www.angelfire.com /ma/crossedsabers/cheka.html (4613 words)

	Stefan Possony, Lenin : the Compulsive Revolutionary, ch 31, 32, 33
		The Okhrana repeatedly reported at later dates that Litvinov possessed expert knowledge of weapons, obtained a great deal of information from Klyatchko, made many bicycle trips to British military camps, and reported the data to Lenin who, in turn, transmitted the intelligence to the Germans.
		It was attended not only by the Okhrana but also by spies of Parvus and Kesküla, both of whom transmitted their intelligence to the Germans.
		1 Okhrana documents indicate that Janssen was a member of the Latvian Bolshevik sub-party and in 1907 was accused by his comrades of treason.
	yamaguchy.netfirms.com /pearson/lenin_31.html (8357 words)

	Writers' Window
		The Okhrana have a new assignment for you.
		Rodya’s reputation was he was a man of high rank in the Okhrana yet remained a man of compassion and would always insist on a fair trial for those accused of being rebels against the Tsar.
		Okhrana actually means "to guard." Most agents were priests and were generally members oft he lower classes.
	english.unitecnology.ac.nz /writers/display_story.html?name=TheOkhranaAnAleksand (5593 words)

	Victor Serge: Repression (Chap.1-a) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Naturally, to train its experts, the Okhrana organised courses in which each party was studied – its origins, its programme, its methods, and even the life-histories of its better-known members.
		At the Okhrana buildings (16 Fontanka, Petrograd), there was a secret room entered only by the chief of police and the officer in charge of sorting documents.
		Generally only pseudonyms were used, even when the provocateurs signed the monthly receipts for their salaries, which were paid as normally and regularly as to other state employees, for sums ranging from 3, 10 or 15 roubles a month up to a maximum of 150 or 200.
	www.marxists.org /archive/serge/1926/repression/ch1a.htm (7521 words)

	Victor Serge: Repression (Chap.1-b) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In another letter, the same Krassilnikov informs the Okhrana that a parliamentary question from the socialists on the operations of the Russian police, which had been in the offing, “is not now to be feared, according to the French authorities.
		The Okhrana made three copies of letters of interest: one for the mail-opening office, one for police General Headquarters and the other for the local police.
		The proof of this is that the thousands of Okhrana files, the millions of notes from the information services, the magnificent diagrams by its technicians, the works of its scientists, the whole amazing arsenal, is now in the hands of the Russian communists.
	www.marxists.org /archive/serge/1926/repression/ch1b.htm (7230 words)

	MOI / News /
		The service will be replaced by Okhrana (Guard) federal state unitarian enterprise (FGUP), which will be answerable to the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian federation.
		Okhrana federal state unitarian enterprise shall be established to be answerable to the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation.
		It shall be based on the military and watch units within the non-departmental security service under the Russian Federation’s interior bodies and units of the non-departmental security service under the interior bodies of the Russian Federation responsible for design, installation and maintenance of security technical means.
	eng.mvdrf.ru /index.php?newsid=1428 (545 words)

	Hoover Institution Archives: Judaica collections: Jews and Politics in the 20th century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Boris I. Nicolaevsky and the Okhrana (Russia.
		The Bund was especially active in the events of the 1905 revolution, participating in strikes and meetings and in organizing self-defense groups to protect Jews during the ensuing wave of pogroms instigated by forces loyal to the tsar.
		Materials in the Nicolaevsky and Okhrana collections document the climate of anti-Semitism prevalent in parts of the Russian empire during the 1905 period and afterwards, including newspaper accounts of pogroms and trials of Jewish personalities and reactions to these events in both the European press and the publications of the émigré Russian revolutionary movement.
	www-hoover.stanford.edu /hila/judaica3.htm (1547 words)

	Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
		Having infiltrated radical groups, the Okhrana was able to identify and arrest leaders before they could organize action against the Tsar or his government.
		For all its notariety, Lenin felt that the Okhrana was not sufficently effective.
		He replaced the Okhrana with the Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Espionage (Cheka) to protect the Bolshevik regime.
	histclo.com /bio/l/bio-len.html (2070 words)

	Roman Malinovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was while he was in prison he agreed to become an undercover agent for the Okhrana.
		He was wounded and captured by the German Army in 1915 and spent the rest of the conflict in a prisoner of war camp.
		After the October Revolution the Bolsheviks were able to read the Okhrana files.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSmalinovsky.htm (711 words)

	Okhrana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		'Colonel Gan is a senior officer of the St Petersburg Okhrana,' Lychev answered; he waited a...
		Zugzwang: chapter 14The Observer, UK - Apr 1, 2006Lychev explained that Semevsky was an agent of the Okhrana - the much feared secret police - and that it was Semevsky who had assassinated Gulko on the orders...
		Sergeant Nikolai Abramov -- all officers at the capital's southeast district branch of the police guard service, or vnevedomstvennaya okhrana -- on Thursday...
	www.33beat.com /Okhrana.html (130 words)

	Freedom Force International - Welcome
		There is considerable evidence that the Protocols are a forgery produced by the Okhrana, which was the secret police of the Czarist government of Russia.
		Many Russians were resentful of the Jewish immigrants, and the Okhrana capitalized upon this animosity by portraying the Czar’s enemies as tools and dupes of Jewish conspirators.
		The trap is different from the one set a century ago by the Okhrana but it is a trap, nonetheless.
	www.freedomforceinternational.org /freedomcontent.cfm?fuseaction=protocols&refpage=issues (1584 words)

	Freedom, Democide, War: An Alternative History Series, Book 4
		He had been exiled here by the Okhrana, the feared Czarist secret police, but only to mislead his fellow revolutionaries.
		He was an Okhrana agent provocateur, but he also secretly worked for the revolutionary overthrow of the Czar, was a member of a criminal gang involved in armed robberies, and conspired to murder associates.
		Yesterday the local Okhrana had given him a document identifying him as an Okhrana agent so that he could return to Batum, the Black Sea port near Turkey from which he had been exiled.
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/NR.BOOK4.HTM (773 words)

	Rapoport - Four Waves of Terror
		The Russian Okhrana, Scotland Yard, and the FBI are conspicuous examples.
		Because a significant Jewish element, for example, was present in the several Russian terrorist movements, the Okhrana organized pogroms to intimidate the Jewish population, compelling many to flee to the West and to the Holy Land.
		Okhrana fabricated The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a book that helped stimulate a virulent anti-Semitism that went beyond Russia and continued for decades, and that influences the Christian and Islamic terrorist worlds still.
	www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /ap0801/terror.htm (7946 words)

	Makow - Protocols Forgery Argument Is Flawed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The plagiarism claim is part of a propaganda campaign waged by conscious and unconscious collaborators in academia and the media.
		We are told that The Protocols of Zion is a hoax, a "proven forgery" concocted by the Tsarist Political Police (the Okhrana) to incite anti Semitism and discredit revolutionaries.
		He was not Graves' "unimportant precis- writer employed by the court or by the Okhrana" to construct a hoax.
	www.rense.com /general45/protodd.htm (1693 words)

	RPS Online
		Ekologiia, zdorov'e i okhrana okruzhaiushchei sredy v Rossii: uchebnoe i spravochnoe posobie
		Okhrana okruzhaiushchei sredy v Rossii: statisticheskii sbornik, 2001
		Priroda i prirodnye resursy Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, ikh okhrana i rats.
	www.russianpress.com /Books/TitleList.asp?subject=Ecology (928 words)

	[No title]
		These works no doubt furnished the Russian secret police (Okhrana) with a means with which to strengthen the position of the weak Czar Nicholas II and discredit the reforms of the liberals who sympathized with the Jews.
		During the Dreyfus case of 1893-1895, agents of the Okhrana in Paris redacted the earlier works of Joly and Goedsche into a new edition which they called the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion".
		The Protocols were part of propaganda campaign which accompanied the pogroms of 1905 inspired by the Okhrana.
	shamash.org /holocaust/denial/protocols.txt (1682 words)

	Provocation to Violence
		In order to protect the Tsar, the Okhrana allowed Azeff to import into Russia revolutionary literature printed abroad, to organise workshops for fabricating bombs, occasionally supplying some money for that; they allowed him also to organise plots against Ministers, Grand Dukes, and the Tsar himself.
		All this time their diabolic policy was carefully to protect the terrorists marked out by Azeff against an occasional arrest by some other section of the police, so as to have them arrested by nobody but the Okhrana, just at the moment when the plot was going to be executed.
		Even escapes were skilfully organised when it was necessary for the Okhrana and its agent, Azeff, to spare some active fighting leader, only to hand him over later on to a Court Martial to be hanged in twenty-four hours.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/terror/chapter6.html (1385 words)

	They Shoot People, Don’t They? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		General Strelnikov, a prosecutor active in the military courts of southern Russia during the 1880s, pioneered the concept of preemptive arrest of those thought likely to commit crimes of which they were actually innocent.
		One of the more sophisticated innovations of the Okhrana in the early twentieth century was "police socialism": the organization of trade unions under Okhrana control.
		Even with its sophisticated techniques and vast number of agents, the Okhrana was unable to cope with the events for which it had been created.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1981/sep-oct/holler.htm (2469 words)

	Citizens Electoral Council of Australia
		Jabotinsky became an agent of the Okhrana, which was a British Intelligence-affiliated Russian intelligence organization at the time.
		The main target of the Okhrana at that time were the Jews of Russia.
		Jabotinsky then, as an agent, went to Paris, where he worked for one of the worst Okhrana agents in the world, the fellow who wrote and published the so-called "Protocols of the Elders of Zion." He then became involved, among other things, in a British Intelligence operation called the Young Turks, in Turkey.
	www.cecaust.com.au /main.asp?sub=culture/jewish&id=p4/article4.htm (1244 words)

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