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Topic: Okinawa Woodpecker

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	Okinawa Prefecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Okinawa's capital, Naha, is located in the southern part of the largest and most populous island, Okinawa Honto, which is approximately half-way between Kyūshū and Taiwan.
		Okinawa's location in the East China Sea, and relatively close proximity to Japan, Korea, China and South East Asia allowed the Ryūkyū Kingdom to become a prosperous trading nation.
		Okinawa is a major producer of sugar cane, pineapples, papayas and other tropical fruits.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Okinawa (882 words)

	okinawa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Okinawa (沖縄) is the southern most prefecture of Japan and the main island of the Ryukyu (琉球) island chain.
		The name Okinawa is reputed to mean pearls on a rope in Chinese, presumably due to the chain of islands stretching from Japan's Kyushu island almost to Taiwan, of which Okinawa is the largest and most important.
		Okinawa was directly controlled by the United States Armed Forces from the end of World War II (see also Battle of Okinawa), in 1945, to the islands' repatriation in 1972.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Okinawa.html (735 words)

	Okinawa Prefecture - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Okinawa prefectural symbol (which is the same colour of red as the national flag)
		Okinawa's location in the East China Sea, and relatively close proximity to China, Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines allowed the Ryūkyū Kingdom to become a prosperous trading nation.
		On May 15, 1972, Okinawa once again became part of Japan, although to this day the US maintains a large military presence there: more than 50,000 US military personnel and dependents, including 17,600 Marines, are still based there.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Okinawa (861 words)

	Okinawa prefecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Okinawa is also a city and an island in Okinawa Prefecture.
		Okinawa's capital, Naha, is located in the southern part of the largest and most populous island, Okinawa Honto (沖縄本島), which is approximately half-way between Kyūshū and Taiwan.
		In 1972, Okinawa once again became part of Japan, although to this day the US maintains a large military presence there, including some 28,000 servicemen who are a major source of employment for local Okinawans.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/okinawa_prefecture (876 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Okinawa Prefecture (Japanese 沖縄県; Okinawan Uchinā)is Japan 's southernmost prefecture, andconsists of 169 islands known as The Ryūkyū (琉球)Islands or Ryūkyūs, in an island chain over 1000 km long, which extends southwest from Kyūshū (the southwesternmost of Japan's main four islands) to Taiwan, although the northern islands in the chain are part of Kagoshima prefecture.
		Okinawa's capital, Naha, is located in the southern part of the largest and mostpopulous island, Okinawa Honto (沖縄本島), whichis approximately half-way between Kyūshū and Taiwan.
		Okinawa's location in the East China Sea, and relatively close proximity to China, Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines allowed the Ryūkyū Kingdom to become a prosperoustrading nation.
	immune-system-help.com /japan/ky/okinawa.html (908 words)

	Encyclopedia: Woodpecker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		(Woodpecker also refers to a type of radio interference known as the Russian Woodpecker) The Russian Woodpecker was a notorious Soviet signal that could be heard on the shortwave radio bands worldwide between July 1976 and December 1989.
		Woodpeckers gained their English name because of the habit of some species of tapping and pecking noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
		This is both a means of communication to signal possession of territory to their rivals, and a method of echo-locating grubs under the bark of the tree.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Woodpecker (1809 words)

	HABITS, RELATIONSHIPS, AND CONSERVATION OF THE OKINAWA WOODPECKER
		The preference of the Okinawa Woodpecker for rotten wood suggests that the health of live trees and stage of disintegration of dead trees are of greater significance to for- aging woodpeckers than is the spec;-es of tree represented.
		CONSERVATION The Okinawa Woodpecker, declared a national monument by the Govern- ment of the Ryukyu Islands in 1955, is restricted in its distribution to ap- proximately five square miles of undisturbed forest in northern Okinawa.
		Okinawa, situated at 128 E, 26 30' N, marks the southern end of the continuous chain of northern and middle Ryukyu Islands, all within 80 km or less of one another, extending northward the 540 km to Japan (Kyushu, the southernmost main island).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Wilson/v085n01/p0005-p0020.html (11384 words)

	OKINAWA WOODPECKER
		The most accepted common name for this species in recent English references is Okinawa Woodpecker, although I will refer to it as Noguchigera (also spelled Noguchi-gera), as that is how it is known in Okinawa and Japan, and it is endemic to the Japanese island of Okinawa.
		Shine Nakachi of the Okinawa Times who arranged for my wife and I to see an outstanding motion picture of Noguchigera, which included pictures of the activities at an active nest hole, adult feeding the young, etc. Short apparently refers to the same film and indicates it was take n in 1971 by Mr.
		Because the woodpecker requires undisturbed forest with plenty of rotting trees for foraging, and with standing trees and stubs 25 cm or more in diameter for nesting, the various human activities just mentioned are fragmenting its remaining small population and threatening it with immediate danger of extinction.
	www1.accsnet.ne.jp /~ikecho/OKINAWA/Beringer2002/THE%20BIRDS%20OF%20OKINAWA/009OKINAWA%20WOODPECKER.htm (5621 words)

	CBD - Letterhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The few remaining pairs of woodpeckers are on the brink of extinction, primarily due to the ongoing destruction of their forest habitat.
		The Okinawa woodpecker is threatened by road construction, clear-cutting, agriculture, golf course development, construction, and other activities that destroy and fragment the woodpecker’s forest habitat.
		The Okinawa woodpecker is approximately 10 inches tall, and is a dark brown bird with red-tipped feathers and white spots on its wings.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/press/woodpecker12-22-03.htm (639 words)

	Lawsuit Seeks Protection For One Of The World's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		While FWS determined that listing the Okinawa woodpecker "may be warranted," it subsequently determined in 1984 that listing the species was "precluded" by higher priority listing actions.
		BACKGROUND The Okinawa woodpecker is approximately 10 inches tall, and is a dark brown bird with red-tipped feathers and white spots on its wings.
		The greatest danger to the woodpecker, aside from the small extent of remaining undisturbed forests, is the fragmentation of its population into scattered tiny colonies and isolated pairs.
	www.cpeo.org /lists/military/2004/msg00000.html (636 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Japan - Unique and Threated Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Okinawa woodpecker (Sapheopipo noguchii, CR) is the only representative of an endemic genus as is the Bonin white-eye (Apalopteron familiare, VU).
		Found in the Yanbaru Forest in the northern quarter of Okinawa Island, the Okinawa woodpecker was close to extinction in the 1930s, but has recovered to a population of about 146 to 584 birds.
		Confined to a single population, the Okinawa woodpecker (Sapheopipo noguchii, CR) continues to decline due to a reduction in mature forests.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/japan/biodiversity.xml (1051 words)

	BirdForum - View Single Post - Okinawa Woodpecker (Sapheopipo noguchii)
		Justification This woodpecker has a single tiny, declining population which is threatened by continued loss of mature forest to logging, dam construction, agriculture and golf course developments.
		Range and Population Sapheopipo noguchiiis endemic to Okinawa Island, Japan, where it is confined to Kunigami-gun (=Yambaru) with the main breeding areas along the mountain ridges between Mt Nishime-take and Mt Iyu-take.
		It was considered close to extinction in the 1930s and, in the early 1990s, the breeding population was estimated to be c.75 birds and the total population between 146-584 birds.
	www.birdforum.net /showpost.php?p=99164&postcount=1 (265 words)

	Okinawa Prefecture - Biocrawler definition:Okinawa Prefecture - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Other prominent examples of Okinawan culture include the sanshin—a three-stringed Okinawan instrument, closely related to the Chinese sanxian, and ancestor of the Japanese shamisen, somewhat similar to a banjo.
		Its body is often bound with snakeskin (from pythons, imported from elsewhere in Asia, rather than from Okinawa's poisonous habu, which are too small for this purpose, but which are sometimes used to make habu awamori...)—and the eisa dance—a traditional drumming dance.
		You can find it there under the keyword Okinawa (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okinawaandaction=history).
	biocrawler.com /biowiki/Okinawa (942 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The name is said to derive from their habit of twisting their necks when disturbed.
		He was chief of staff of the Kwantung army, commander in chief in Korea, and governor-general of Korea before he replaced Tojo as prime minister in July, 1944.
		He resigned in Apr., 1945, after Iwo Jima, the Philippines, and Okinawa were lost.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Okinawa+Woodpecker&rc=10&fh=17&fr=11 (493 words)

	Picidae (Woodpeckers, Piculets, & Wrynecks)
		Woodpeckers are small, medium and medium-large sized, for the most part, arboreal birds, generally recognizable by their physiology and habits.
		Typically, woodpeckers have chisel-like bills that are used primarily for excavating nest and roost holes in trees and other suitable plant material.
		Woodpeckers feed primarily on but not limited to: ants, beetle species, spiders, moths, grasshoppers, crickets, and larvae.
	www.nashvillezoo.org /piciformes/picidae.htm (3268 words)

	Bird watching trip report - Okinawa, Japan - surfbirds.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cathy McFadden, Claremont, CA In June 2004 I spent a week in Okinawa attending the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium held at the Okinawa Convention Center in Naha.
		Unfortunately, a typhoon heading for Taiwan was generating high winds on Okinawa, and I spent several hours driving the tracks and listening for rails and owls in vain.
		Okinawa Woodpecker (Sapheopipo noguchii): 5, Okuni-rindo and Benoki Dam
	www.surfbirds.com /mb/trips/okinawa-cm-0704.html (1100 words)

	FONT's Japan Tours Highlights
		Though not as rare as the recently-rediscovered Ivory-billed Woodpecker in the United States, it is an extremely rare bird with very few breeding pairs restricted to a limited area of northern Okinawa.
		That species, sometimes called the Okinawa Woodpecker, is endemic to one region of that island, and is probably the rarest of the world's woodpeckers (assuming that the Ivory-billed is extinct).
		Okinawa is a wintering site for the latter species, which breeds in eastern China at just a few places (7 colonies in 4 provinces).
	www.focusonnature.com /JapanToursHighlights.htm (12790 words)

	Okinawa prefecture - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		U.S. bases make up close to 20% of the island, while providing an important source of revenue to Japan's poorest prefecture, American troops have committed serious crimes; a rape of a 12-year Okinawan girl in early 1996 was a catastrophe to American-Japanese relations.
		Okinawa is a fantastic location for American military operations (nicknamed The Rock by American military; it has sometimes been called our insinkable aircraft carrier) — midway between Japan and Taiwan, close to flashpoints like the Korean peninsula, and China and the Philippines.
		Kadena Air Base is America's largest airbase in Asia; all four services are represented on Okinawa, but mostly Marines and Air Force.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Ryukyu (1279 words)

	MavicaNET - Woodpeckers (Picidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Woodpeckers are a large family of similarly designed birds found in forested areas around the globe.
		Two of the most widespread woodpeckers in North America are the Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers.
		These are also among the most common woodpecker visitors to your feeder, where they eat suet and sometimes other seeds and nuts.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/bel/22958.html (268 words)

	What's At Stake: HELP SAVE UNIQUE SPECIES AND CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM
		Okinawa has been called the “Galapagos of the East” and is home to ecologically significant coral reefs that support more than 1,000 species of reef fish, marine mammals and sea turtles, a diversity of marine life second only to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
		Because of global warming and pollution, Okinawa’s coral reefs are already threatened.
		The Okinawa woodpecker is the official bird of the prefecture, and under grave threat.
	actionnetwork.org /campaign/dugong_aa/explanation (1034 words)

	Okinawa Woodpecker Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Looking For okinawa woodpecker - Find okinawa woodpecker and more at Lycos Search.
		Find okinawa woodpecker - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for okinawa woodpecker - Find okinawa woodpecker at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Okinawa_Woodpecker (288 words)

	CBD - Letterhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Among the bird species that are covered by the settlement is the Okinawa woodpecker, one of the world’s rarest bird species.
		The woodpecker’s habitat is threatened by a U.S. military proposal to construct new roads and helicopter landing pads and associated military infrastructure in prime woodpecker habitat in theYanbaru forest.
		In addition to the woodpecker, 72 other types of imperiled birds – ranging from New Zealand to South America, from Taiwan to the Galapagos – are covered under the settlement, including the Lanyu Scops Owl of Taiwan, the Colombian Grebe, the giant ibis of Laos and Cambodia and the blue throated macaw of Bolivia.
	www.sw-center.org /swcbd/press/woodpecker5-17-04.htm (497 words)

	Okinawa Woodpecker - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Okinawa Woodpecker - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 15:33, 4 Jun 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Okinawa Woodpecker contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Okinawa_Woodpecker (164 words)

	Environment News Service ENS Latest Environmental Information Education Current Issues RSS
		The population is estimated to be 100 to 500 birds and the species is on the brink of extinction primarily due to the ongoing destruction of its forest habitat.
		Although the Fish and Wildlife Service determined that listing the Okinawa woodpecker "may be warranted," it subsequently determined in 1984 that listing the species was "precluded" by higher priority listing actions.
		"The Okinawa woodpecker is an international treasure, an ecological and cultural monument," said Peter Galvin, Pacific director for the Center for Biological Diversity.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/dec2003/2003-12-23-09.asp (2636 words)

	Symbols of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: The official flag, flower, bird and more (GeoSymbols) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After Okinawa was returned to Japan, Okinawa’s prefectural government reinstated the Ryukyu pine on October.
		Found only on the island of Okinawa, the Okinawa woodpecker is seriously threatened by lost of its forest habitat.
		It is one of the few popular fishes found in Okinawa which is often served in people’s homes.
	www.geosymbols.org /world/eur/jpn/oki (308 words)

	The Japan Times Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Seventeen Okinawa residents had argued that the construction of roads and development of farmland harmed the habitats of rare species, including the Okinawa woodpecker and flightless Okinawa rail, in a mountainous region of northern Okinawa.
		The district court said it was illegal for the Okinawa government to have built a 14.2-km road in Yambaru, completed in March 1998, because proper procedures for ending its conservation status had not been taken.
		In addition to the road construction, the village of Kunigami in the north of Okinawa, developed 28.4 hectares of farmland with subsidies from the national and prefectural governments.
	www.japantimes.com /cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20041015a1.htm (381 words)

	Okinawa Woodpecker -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Okinawa Woodpecker -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		This woodpecker is critically (additional info and facts about endangered) endangered.
		The current population is estimated at less than 600.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/ok/okinawa_woodpecker.htm (154 words)

	Okinawa Woodpecker (Sapheopipo noguchii) - BirdLife species factsheet
		Range & population Sapheopipo noguchii is endemic to Okinawa Island, Japan, where it is confined to Kunigami-gun (=Yambaru) with the main breeding areas along the mountain ridges between Mt Nishime-take and Mt Iyu-take.
		Connect fragmented forests in the north with planted forest corridors and ensure all forests of more than 25 years old are protected and logging is prohibited.
		Institute a conservation education programme using Okinawa Rail Gallirallus okinawae and Okinawa Woodpecker as flagship species.
	www.birdlife.org /datazone/species?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=743&m=0 (632 words)

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