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	Battle of Swold. Who is Battle of Swold? What is Battle of Swold? Where is Battle of Swold? Definition of Battle of ...
		The battle was fought between Olaf Trygvesson, king of Norway, and a coalition of his enemies: Eric Hakonson, his cousin and rival; Olaf, the king of Sweden; and Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark.
		Olaf lashed his ships side to side, his own, the Long Serpent, the finest war-vessel as yet built in the north, being in the middle of the line, where her bows projected beyond the others.
		Olaf leapt into the sea holding his shield edgeways, so that he sank at once and the weight of his hauberk dragged him down.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Battle_of_Swold (626 words)

	Olaf I of Norway - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		After a childhood spent in Novgorod under the protection of King Valdemar, Olaf fought for the emperor Otto III under the mythical Wendish king Burislav (almost all historian agree, that Burislav from Icelandic sagas is person symbolising two Polish rulers, Mieszko I of Poland and Boleslaus I of Poland), whose daughter he had married.
		In England he married Gyda, sister of Olaf Kvaran, king of Dublin, and it was only after some years spent in administering her property in England and Ireland that he set sail for Norway, fired by reports of the unpopularity of its ruler Earl Haakon.
		It has been suggested that Olaf's ambition was to rule a united, as well as a Christian Scandinavia, and we know that he made overtures of marriage to Sigrid the Haughty, queen of Sweden, and set about adding new ships to his fleet, when negotiations fell through owing to her obstinate heathenism.
	www.iridis.com /Olaf_I_of_Norway (362 words)

	Battle of Svolder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The battle was fought between Olaf Tryggvason, king of Norway, and a coalition of his enemies: Eric Hakonson, his cousin and rival; Olaf, the king of Sweden; and Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark.
		But when the picturesque details, which also have no doubt at least a foundation of truth, are taken at their true value, the account of the battle still presents a very trustworthy picture of the sea-fighting of the Scandinavians.
		The Icelandic writers, who are the only authorities, gave all the credit to the Norwegians, and according to them all the intelligence of Olaf's enemies, and most of their valour, were to be found in Eric Hakonson.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Swold (677 words)

	Norway
		Olaf Trygvesson continued the work of union after Hakon's death, and promoted the spread of the new faith, but in a sea-fight with the united forces of the Danes and Swedes he was killed about 1000 near Svalder (of uncertain location).
		Olaf Haroldsson was a zealous adherent of the new faith.
		Archbishop Olaf Engelloechtssen and other dignitaries of the Church were forced to flee; Mogens Lawridtzen, Bishop of Hamar, died in prison in 1642, and Jon Arason of Holar was executed on 7 November, 1550.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/norway.html (4730 words)

	SWOLD - LoveToKnow Article on SWOLD
		The battle was fought between Olaf Trygvesson, king of Norway, and a coalition of his enemiesEric Hakonson, his cousin and rival; Olaf, the king of Sweden; and Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark.
		Olaf lashed his ships side to side, his ownthe "Long Serpent," the finest war-vessel as yet built in the northbeing in the middle of the line, where her bows projected beyond the others.
		King Olaf is one of the same company as Charlemagne, King Arthur and Sebastian of Portugalthe legendary heroic figures in whose death the people would not believe, and whose return was looked for.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SW/SWOLD.htm (755 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Olaf Haraldson
		He is the great Norwegian legislator for the Church, and like his ancestor (Olaf Trygvesson), made frequent severe attacks on the old faith and customs, demolishing the temples and building Christian churches in their place.
		It must be remembered that the resentment against Olaf was due not alone to his Christianity, but also in a high degree to his unflinching struggle against the old constitution of shires and for the unity of Norway.
		The arms of Norway are a lion with the battle-axe of St. Olaf in the forepaws.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11234a.htm (554 words)

	Heimskringla: King Olaf Trygvason's Saga: Part I
		Olaf was the handsomest of men, very stout and strong, and in all bodily exercises he excelled every Northman that ever was heard of.
		Olaf repaired himself to him, and, entering into conversation, asked him if he could foresee how it would go with him with regard to his kingdom, or of any other fortune he was to have.
		Olaf told him to take his cows, if he could distinguish them; "but don't delay our march." The peasant had with him a large house-dog, which he put in among the herd of cattle, in which many hundred head of beasts were driven together.
	sunsite.berkeley.edu /OMACL/Heimskringla/trygvason1.html (10323 words)

	SWOLD (or SWOLD), BATTLE OF - Online Information article about SWOLD (or SWOLD), BATTLE OF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The battle was fought between Olaf Trygvesson, king of Norway, and a coalition of his enemiesEric Hakonson, his
		Olaf's own ships went past the anchor-age of Eric Hakonson and his allies in a long column without order, as no attack was expected.
		His vessel, the " Iron Ram," was " bearded," that is to say, strengthened across the bows by bands of iron, and he forced her between the last and last but one of Olaf's line.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SUS_TAV/SWOLD_or_SWOLD_BATTLE_OF.html (793 words)

	MADAME SWETCHINE - LoveToKnow Article on MADAME SWETCHINE
		Two viceroys, earlier wooers, were burned to death by her orders for their impertinence, and she refused the hand of Olaf TrygvessOn, king of Norway, rather than submit to baptism, whereupon the indignant monarch struck her on the mouth with his gauntlet and told her she was a worse pagan than any dog.
		Shortly afterwards she marriedSweyn, and easily persuaded her warlike husband to unite with Olaf, king of Sweden, against Olaf TrygvessOn, who fell in the famous sea-fight off Svolde (1000) on the west coast of Rugen, after a heroic resistance immortalized by the sagas, whereupon the confederates divided his kingdom between them.
		After his first English expedition Sweyn was content to flmail England instead of ravaging it, till the ruthless massacre of the Danes on St Brices day, the 3rd of November 1002, by Ethelred the Unready (Sweyns sister was among the victims) brought the Danish king to Exeter (1003).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SW/SWETCHINE_MADAME.htm (795 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Astrid Eiriksdatter
		Astrid was pregnant with a child of King Trygve, and she went to a lake, and concealed herself in a holm or small island in it with a few men.
		Olaf was separated from his mother, and an Eistland man called Klerkon got him as his share along with Thorolfand Thorgils.
		Olaf was long with them, was treated well, and was much beloved by the people.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/2/1404.htm (1013 words)

	SWEYN I - Online Information article about SWEYN I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Two viceroys, earlier wooers, were burned to death by her orders for their impertinence, and she refused the hand of Olaf Trygvesson, king of Norway, rather than submit to baptism, whereupon the indignant monarch struck her on the mouth with his gauntlet and told her she was a worse
		Shortly afterwards she married'Sweyn, and easily persuaded her warlike husband to unite with Olaf, king of Sweden, against Olaf Trygvesson, who fell in the famous sea-fight off Svolde (r000) on the west coast of Rugen, after a heroic resistance immortalized by the sagas, whereupon the confederates divided his kingdom between them.
		After his first English expedition Sweyn was content to flmail England instead of ravaging it, till the ruthless massacre of the Danes on St Brice's day, the 3rd of November 1002, by Ethelred the Unready (Sweyn'ssister was among the victims) brought the Danish king to Exeter (1003).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SUS_TAV/SWEYN_I.html (701 words)

	Orkneyjar - The Conversion of Earl Sigurd
		He was baptized and Olaf took his son, called Hvelp or Hundi, as a hostage and had him baptized too under the name of Hlodvir.
		Olaf's looting campaigns in 991-994 had included the Isle of Man and the Hebrides - areas apparently under Sigurd's control.
		The relationship between the two men was hostile and bearing in mind Olaf's intention to bid for the Norwegian throne, it was an obvious safeguard to bring the Orkney Earldom under control first.
	www.orkneyjar.com /history/historicalfigures/earlsigurd/earlsigurdconvert.htm (339 words)

	3. Norway. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Olaf I, Trygvesson, who, with the aid of English clergy, converted Norway, Iceland, and Greenland.
		Olaf II (St. Olaf) reunited the country and established Christianity on a firm footing.
		Harald III, Haardraade, who was defeated by King Harold of England in the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
	www.bartleby.com /67/464.html (643 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ancient See of Trondhjem
		In 997 Olaf Trygvesson founded at the mouth of the River Nid the city of Nidaros, afterwards called Trondhjem, where he built a royal palace and a church; he laboured to spread the truths of Christianity in Norway, the Orkney and Shetland Islands, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland (Maurer, op.
		There was situated the tomb of St. Olaf, and around the patron of Norway, "Rex perpetuus Norvegiae", the national and ecclesiastical life of the country was centred.
		Then Archbishop Eric Walkendorf was exiled (1521), and his successor, Olaf Engelbertsen, who had been the instrument of the royal will in the introduction of Lutheranism, had also, as a partisan of Christian II, to fly from Christian III (1537).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15064a.htm (985 words)

	Olaf With Nearly 3000 Students, St. Olaf College, A Residential Campus In Northfield, Minn., Combines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		OLAF press-room update you on the work of the Office and the fight against.
		For the Church, and like his ancestor (Olaf Trygvesson), made frequent severe attacks on the old This was willingly given, whereupon Olaf was expelled and Cnut elected King.
		Olaf Haraldson; Olaf Haraldsson; Olaf of Norway; Olaus; Olav II; Olav of Norway; Olav a lion with the battle-axe of Saint Olaf in the forepaws.
	www.99hosted.com /names19820.html (450 words)

	Norway Part 2: Dead Man Converting - Christian History & Biography - ChristianityTodayLibrary.com
		Olaf Haraldsson, known as Olaf Digre ("stout" or "burly"), seemed to be just one more casualty in the shifting and brutal power politics of medieval Scandinavia.
		The son and foster-son of Norwegian kinglets, Olaf Haraldsson (not to be confused with the earlier Olaf Trygvesson) makes his historical debut in 1007, when he was sent out, at just 12 years old, as a "sea-king" or raiding chieftain (under the eye of an experienced captain).
		In the winter of 1009, Olaf and Thorkel attacked London and raided East Anglia.
	www.ctlibrary.com /4368 (419 words)

	WordRidden: The Critic - The Last Apocalypse
		Another repetition: on page 14, we learn that this same King Olaf (the Norwegian king) was transformed into a brutal warrior by the premature death of his much-loved Polish wife.
		On page 57, we are reminded that Olaf turned to cruelty after the death of his Polish wife.
		And on page 99, in case we've forgotten, we are told that the early death of his Polish wife hardened Olaf into the warrior he was.
	www.wordridden.com /article.php/20020202142022.xml/all (1246 words)

	The Goddess Sif - Norse Deity
		"The prophet replied that Olaf would be a great king and to prove that his vision was correct the prophet told Olaf that he would suffer a mutiny among his men and in the ensuing fight he would be wounded and carried to his ship on his oblong shield.
		Because prior to 994 A.D. Europe was pagan and after Olaf converted to the religion of the 'white christ' he ruthlessly went about converting everyone else too on his way to becoming King.
		In time the old gods and goddesses that had been worshiped were forgotten but because of the psychic energy given to them via prayers and the invocation of their names before warriors went into battle they are not gone but merely waiting to be called forth again to help humanity.
	www.valkyrietower.com /sif.html (895 words)

	WCR:01/17/2000 -- Charles Moore -- CBC concocts politically correct Vikings
		King Olaf Trygvesson was mightily impressed by the young Greenlander, and made him a hirdmann or member of the royal bodyguard.
		During his sojourn at King Olaf's court, Leif Ericsson was baptized, and Olaf commissioned him to return to Greenland as a missionary to establish Christianity there.
		Apparently, Leif's evangelization efforts were successful, one of his most prominent converts being his mother, Tjodhild, who is credited with building a stone church at Brattahlid where the Eric family lived - the first Christian church constructed in the New World.
	www.wcr.ab.ca /columns/charlesmoore/2000/charlesmoore011700.shtml (683 words)

	Baltic Archive: Student Papers
		The Heimskringla is a collection of the saga's of the Kings of Norway from the foundations of the World and the beginning of the Nordic race ending with Sverre's Saga, whose reign in Norway ended in 1177 AD (Heimskringla, p xxiii).
		As they sailed out into the Baltic [Sea] they were captured by Vikings of Esthonia, who made booty both of the people and goods, killing some, and dividing others as slaves… Reas [an Esthonian] bought Olaf for a good cloak… Olaf was long with them, was treated well, and was much beloved by the people.
		This is from Chapter V of Olaf Trygvesson's Saga, the next two conclude this story of Olaf's time in Estonia and Russia with his release from slavery and his murdering of Klerkon, the man who first enslaved Olaf.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/vikings.html (3027 words)

	- Chapter 9
		Olaf Trygvesson is the beau ideal of the Viking Age.
		Olaf Haraldsson started his career in the approved manner, raising bloody hell all over the Baltic and England, also possibly France and Spain.
		Olaf knew that the robbing, the killing, the raping, the slavetaking — that all had to end.
	www.webscription.net /10.1125/Baen/0671578154/0671578154___9.htm (9646 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Eirik Bjodaskalle på Obrestad
		There came also from Iceland considerable people, who, by Thangbrand's help, had been made Christians; namely, Gissur the white, a son of Teit Ketilbjornson; and his mother was Alof, daughter of herse Bodvar, who was the son of Vikingakare.
		Bjorn and his followers rode their way, and came to Earl Ragnvald's court, where they were well received.
		Bjorn was a celebrated and generally known man, -- known by sight and speech to all who had ever seen King Olaf; for at every Thing, Bjorn stood up and told the king's message.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/2/1405.htm (248 words)

	Trigg Family Worldwide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There was a king of Norway named Olaf Trygvesson back during the Viking era who was responsible for converting most of Scandanavia to Christianity.
		Before becoming King of Norway, Trygvesson was a Viking who raided the English coasts, and whose base of operations may have been Cornwall.
		In 1033 a man named Tryggvi living in England claimed to be the son of this king and tried to reclaim the throne of Norway, but was defeated and went back to England.
	www.triggfamily.com /more/index.cfm?Fuseaction=more_969 (1165 words)

	Norway Part 1: 'Be Christian or Die' - Christian History & Biography - ChristianityTodayLibrary.com
		When it comes to conversion by the sword, few can match the ruthless exploits of King Olaf Trygvesson.
		By age 21, Olaf Trygvesson had grown into a superb Nordic specimen.
		In climbing and swimming and leaping, he was unmatched, and it was said that he could juggle five daggers in the air, always catching them by the handle.
	www.ctlibrary.com /4369 (444 words)

	SparkNotes: High Middle Ages (1000-1200): Christianity: Expansion, Monastic and Papal Reform, Clash with Secular Rulers ...
		The Norwegian Olaf Trygvesson had taken on Christianity while living in England, and patronized the religion back home after usurping the throne in 995.
		Olaf the Taxgatherer of Sweden converted around the same time, yet the regions population remained resistant to Christianity throughout the 1000s.
		Only by the early 1100s was the religion generalized in Sweden, with Uppsala receiving its own archbishopric in 1164.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/middle2/summary_1.html (2891 words)

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