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Topic: Old Babylonian

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	Babylonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the first centuries of the "Old Babylonian" period (that followed the Sumerian revival under Ur-III), kings and people in high position often had Amorite names, and supreme power rested at Isin.
		Cyrus now claimed to be the legitimate successor of the ancient Babylonian kings and the avenger of Bel-Marduk, who was assumed to be wrathful at the impiety of Nabonidus in removing the images of the local gods from their ancestral shrines, to his capital Babylon.
		Babylonian scholars developed early sciences and astrology from the knowledge they gained from the Sumerians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Babylonia (1560 words)

	The Old Babylonian period
		However, belonging to the Old Babylonian period, along with documents pertaining to civil law, were an increasing number of administrative records of privately managed households, inns, and farms: settlements of accounts, receipts, and notes on various transactions.
		Also significant for the economic situation in the Old Babylonian era was a process that might be summarized as "secularization of the temples," even if all the stages of this development cannot be traced.
		In the Old Babylonian period, the individual lexical entries were translated and often annotated with phonetic signs.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/oldbabyl.html (4584 words)

	The Influence of Religion and Astronomy on the Development of Astrology
		Babylonian celestial divination is characterized by an overall segregation of the various celestial phenomena and their portents into separate units.
		Early Babylonian focus on moon centred round the fundamental problem of the lunar calendar, i.e., the prediction of the first and last visibility.
		Two versions of a "Prayer to the Gods of the Night" (i.e., the stars) surviving from the Old Babylonian period (that is the 18th or 17th century BCE) identify 10+ constellations.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~gtosiris/page9h.html (2297 words)

	Babylonian Empire
		According to the Babylonian chronicle known as ABC 2, he was recognized as king on 23 November 626.
		The Babylonian historian Berossus tells that the alliance was cemented by a royal wedding: the Babylonian crown prince Nebuchadnezzar married a princess named Amytis.
		Its population was deported to Babylonia: the beginning of the Babylonian Exile of the Jews.
	www.livius.org /ba-bd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html (2019 words)

	Babylonian Mathematics and Sexagesimal Notation
		It is uncertain how the Babylonians obtained their approximation for the square root of two, but it has been suggested that a Babylonian predecessor of Newton's iterative method may have been employed, albeit predating the latter by some 3000 years.
		A Portrait of Old Babylonian Algebra and its Kin by Jens Hoyrup.
		Babylonian computational methodology may be considered merely "arithmetical" by some, but this is surely a vast over-simplification and there are in addition enormous time-scales involved in its possible refinement and development.
	www.spirasolaris.ca /sbb1sup1.html (2106 words)

	CDLJ 2003:4
		In an attempt to define the relative historical and dialectal position of the early Old Babylonian language attested in cuneiform texts from the so-called šakkanakkum-period, A. Westenholz reviewed the traditional Assyriological concept that held 3rd millennium Akkadian to be a largely homogenous linguistic entity.
		Even syllabograms such as DI,[38] KA,[39] and ŠE[40] that may be considered standard constituents of the entire Old Babylonian syllabary occasionally occur in the graphic representation of Ur III Akkadian language elements.
		For the diachronic development of the Babylonian dialect can now be traced back to the beginning of the Ur III period, whereas equally immediate precursors of Old Assyrian are still not easily pinpointed within the corpus of 3rd millennium cuneiform sources.
	cdli.ucla.edu /pubs/cdlj/2003/cdlj2003_004.html (6203 words)

	Mesopotamia - The Amorites
		For this reason, the Amorites are called the Old Babylonians and the period of their ascendancy over the region, which lasted from 1900-1600 BC, is called the Old Babylonian period.
		While the Sumerian civilization consisted of independent and autonomous city-states, the Old Babylonian state was a behemoth of dozens of cities.
		Among the great literary achievements of the Old Babylonians was the compilation of a series of Sumerian stories surround the legendary king of Uruk, Gilgamesh.
	www.geocities.com /ancientempireswebby/amorites.html (510 words)

	Chapter 14: Syria Becomes the New Babylon
		They wanted to maintain the historical tradition of the old Babylonian empire that they were its successors, not that they were simply "Syrians." And as we will presently see, the Seleucid kings represented their realm as a resurrection of the old Babylonian kingdom.
		What the old stock did, who had been transported there in the days of Esar-haddon, was to adopt practically everything "Greek" into all their elements that made up their society.
		This new calendar of Seleucus was important for it focused attention upon Seleucus as the new Babylonian king and by virtue of this, he was reckoned as the ruler of the central region of Alexander’s empire.
	www.askelm.com /people/peo016.htm (2720 words)

	Search Results for Babylonian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An old Babylonian catalogue text with equations for squares and circles, J. J Friberg, Methods and traditions of Babylonian mathematics: Plimpton 322, Pythagorean triples and the Babylonian triangle parameter equations, Historia Math.
		An old Babylonian catalogue text with equations for squares and circles, J. S Gandz, A few notes on Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics, in Studies and Essays in the History of Science and Learning Offered in Homage to George Sarton on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday, 31 August 1944 (New York, 1947), 449-462.
		However the Babylonian civilisation, whose mathematics is the subject of this article, replaced that of the Sumerians from around 2000 BC The Babylonians were a Semitic people who invaded Mesopotamia defeating the Sumerians and by about 1900 BC establishing their capital at Babylon.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Search/historysearch.cgi?SUGGESTION=Babylonian&CONTEXT=1 (4386 words)

	Old Babylonian mathematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Old Babylonian mathematics was not based on the manipulation of symbols in formulas (what we think of as algebra), but rather on following procedures to obtain an answer (what we would call algorithms).
		The Babylonians did use geometrical constructions in their problems, although, as mentioned before, the purpose of a problem is the computation of a number.
		We do not know if the Old Babylonian period really represented a unique flourishing before a period of decline, or if the same skills were maintained during what is still a fairly 'dark' period.
	it.stlawu.edu /~dmelvill/mesomath/obsummary.html (1629 words)

	Read This: Lengths, Widths, Surfaces
		It should be immediately apparent that where Neugebauer's generation were understandably concerned to interpret Old Babylonian algebra in relation to modern mathematical practice, JH aims to recover, as far as possible, the original thought processes behind it.
		(In fact, the concept of 'thick surface' is ubiquitous in Old Babylonian mathematics, the standard unit of volume being defined as 1 rod square in the horizontal plane by 1 vertical cubit, where 1 cubit is approximately 50 cm and 1 rod is approximately 6 m).
		For instance, in his analysis JH virtually ignores the two other vast sub-corpora of Old Babylonian mathematics: the metrological and arithmetical lists, tables and calculations which belonged to the elementary scribal curriculum on the one hand, and the 'utilitarian' problems about quantity surveying which comprise the other half of the advanced corpus on the other.
	www.maa.org /reviews/lsahoyrup.html (2644 words)

	The Old Babylonian Kingdom of Mesopotamia in Iraq
		The three centuries of their domination is known as the Old Babylonian Period.....
		Babylonians believed the king held power because of the gods; moreover they thought their king was a god.
		The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Babylonian compilation of Sumerian tales about a legendary king of the city-state of Uruk and a flood story.....
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Old_Kingdom_of_Babylonia.html (443 words)

	Old Babylonian (from eclipse) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Old Church Slavonic was the first Slavic literary language and was...
		A distinctive characteristic of Old Saxon, shared with Old Frisian and Old English, is its preservation of the voiceless stops (p, t, k) common to all Germanic languages; in High German...
		Containing 19 courts and 70 prisoner cells, the Old Bailey is the chief criminal court for London as well as parts of Surrey, Kent, and Wessex.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=11216 (947 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: Literature -- 3.2 Babylonian literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While the cause of the Flood in the Bible was mankind's wickedness and violence, the Old Babylonian cause was the noisy activities of humans, preventing the chief god, Enlil, from sleeping, actually mentioned in the present tablet.
		While the cause of the Flood in the Bible was mankind's wickedness and violence, the Old Babylonian cause was the noisy activities of humans, preventing the chief god, Enlil, from sleeping.
		When the Neo Babylonian account of the Flood story as part of the Gilgamesh epic was discovered in the 19th c., it caused a sensation.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/4/4.3/432.html (1164 words)

	Iraq Museum International Open Encyclopedia: Kassites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They conquered Mesopotamia, bringing the Old Babylonian era to an end and for the first time welding together the network of independent, feuding city-states into a territory that can be called 'Babylonia.' Kassite hegemony in Babylon, Nippur and other centers lasted from about 1595 to 1155 BC.
		There were foreign merchants in Babylon and other cities, and Babylonian merchants were active from Egypt (a major source of Nubian gold) to Assyria and Anatolia.
		Under the Assyrian king, Ashur-Dan, the last Kassite king was driven from Babylonia in the twelfth century BC, and the "interregnum" in Mesopotamia came to a close.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Kassites (1183 words)

	Clemens Reichel, PHD proposal, Political Change and Cultural Continuity in Eshnunna from the Ur III to the Old ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Such an approach, for example, was applied by Yoffee when analyzing the collapse of the Old Babylonian state, which, he concludes, was less the outcome of environmental constrains (cf.
		A fair amount of data on Old Babylonian society is available from a large number of economic and legal texts.
		Naramsin, who was among the deified rulers of Eshnunna, appears to have picked up an old tradition which had disappeared otherwise from Eshnunna with the collapse of the Ur III state.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/DEPT/RA/DISPROP/Reichel_diss.html (8772 words)

	J. Friberg: Old Babylonian Mathematics at Ur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is unfortunate that the majority of the known Old Babylonian mathematical texts, in particular most of those published by Neugebauer in 1935-1945, are of unknown provenance and cannot be exactly dated.
		A welcome exception is formed by some Old Babylonian mathematical texts from the ancient city Ur, published by Gadd and Kramer in UET 6/2 (1966) and by Gurney in UET 7 (1974), with additions by Robson (1998).
		It is clear that these texts are "early Old Babylonian", since Ur was abandoned at the end of the Larsa period, and since the mathematical texts were found together with dated administrative texts.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /calendar/0001/fulltext/fulltext5343918151.html (341 words)

	Mesopotamian Bronze Age (Old Akkadian, Neo Sumerian, Old Babylonian, Old Assyrian, Late Bronze Age) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was one of the most popular compositions of Old Babylonian scribes in later time, although the people kept calling themselves Akkadians.
		In the subsequent period the Babylonian model was taken as example by adjacent regions, in particular Assyria and Huri-Mitanni.
		Literary compositions are recorded in Old Babylonian, even by the scribes at the court of Assyrian Kings.
	www.sron.nl /~jheise/akkadian/bronze_age.html (5487 words)

	Contra Heinsohn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There an Old Babylonian palace contemporary with that at Mari was excavated together with a number of cuneiform tablets mentioning Hammurabi.
		The fact that the Old Babylonian strata were found deeper than the strata associated with Nebuchadnezzar or the Achaemenid period suggests that something is seriously amiss with Whelton and Heinsohn's understanding of ancient stratigraphy.
		Babylonian accounts remember these dire events as follows: "[The Elamite's] crimes were greater and his grievous sins worse than all his fathers had committedlike a deluge he swept away all the peoples of Akkad, and cast in ruins Babylon and all the noblest cult-centres."
	www.maverickscience.com /History/Contra_Heinsohn/contra_heinsohn.html (7410 words)

	Akkadian dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Old Akkadian language period is at its height when Sargon the Great (2350-2330) ruled over Akkad and most of the surrounding city-states, the first empire with a central gouvernment.
		It was in use for certain kind of (literary) documents, both by the Assyrians and the Babylonians, since the cultural exchange was large.
		This language is called Standard Babylonian and is modelled on the Old Babylonian dialect.
	www.sron.nl /~jheise/akkadian/dialects.html (339 words)

	The Race Change in Ancient Italy! 300 B. C. and 300 A. D.
		Oh yes, we must say that the old stock saw their own culture through Greek guise — especially, they used the Greek language — but the real warp and woof of the kingdom was as Oriental as it ever had been.
		Yes, the old Babylonian gods of the Syrians were not exchanged for the incoming Greek ones.
		This new calendar of Seleucus was important, for it focused attention upon Seleucus as the new Babylonian king and by virtue of this, the ruler of the central region of Alexander’s empire.
	www.cephas-library.com /catholic_race_change_pt_3.html (4243 words)

	The Schoyen Collection:2. History--2.2 Babylonian history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		MS 1686 Babylonia, 1813-1812 BC Babylonia, 1792-1750 BC Syria, 1250-1240 BC Babylon, 604-562 BC MS in Old Babylonian with a few names in Sumerian on clay, Isin, Babylonia, 1813 or 1812 BC, 1 tablet, 5,6x3,9x2,0 cm, 21 lines in Old Babylonian cuneiform script.
		MS in Old Babylonian on clay, Zabala, Babylonia, 1792-1750 BC, 1 brick, 13x29x9 cm, originally ca.
		MS in Neo Babylonian on fl stone, Babylon, 604-562 BC, the upper half of a stele with rounded top, 47x25x11 cm, originally ca.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/4/4.2/422.html (1390 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		A famous and important source of information about life in Old Babylonia is the so-called "Code of Hammurabi" which indicates the importance of class divisions, family life, religion, and commerce.
		For a general introduction to Nippur, a major Babylonian city and the focus of the second activity, read the section "The Holy City of Nippur" from the essay The Nippur Expedition from the EDSITEment-reviewed website The Oriental Institute: The University of Chicago.
		Though the map was inscribed long after the demise of Old Babylonia, archaeological evidence has proven it remarkably accurate in showing the city as it was in Old Babylonia.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=644 (2327 words)

	Bible Study - Ancient Empires - Babylon
		The Babylonian Empire was one of the most ancient of the major human kingdoms.
		The Old Babylonian Kingdom was at its peak at about the time of God's calling of Abraham (see Abraham, Man Of Faith), who was from Ur Of The Chaldees.
		However, after many centuries of conflict, the old empire eventually became subject to the Assyrians, from about 885 to 607 B.C. It was during that period that the Assyrians (see Ancient Empires - Assyria) conquered and took into captivity the northern kingdom of Israel, from which the "Lost Ten Tribes" never returned (2 Kings 17:1-23).
	www.keyway.ca /htm2000/20000214.htm (945 words)

	ANE Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are many serious problems with ANE chronology but it is not within the scope of this class to discuss them.
		After 2000 there are two main regional dialects: Assyrian in the north and Babylonian in the south.
		There are two dialects which were reserved for literature: Hymnic-epic dialect which was in use during the Old Babylonian period, and Standard Babylonian which was used from the Middle Babylonian/Assyrian periods through the Neo-Babylonian/Assyrian periods.
	people.clarkson.edu /~melville/ls195/gchron.html (99 words)

	Old Babylonian metrology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, by the Old Babylonian period, the systems were much simpler than during the Sumerian period.
		There are numerous (fairly standard) sizes of bricks in use in Old Babylonian mathematics texts.
		The semi-standard Old Babylonian system used in mathematical texts is derived from the ferociously complex mensuration systems used in the Sumerian period.
	it.stlawu.edu /~dmelvill/mesomath/obmetrology.html (412 words)

	Izre'el and Cohen, Literary Old Babylonian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Akkadian is a cover term for the Semitic languages of ancient Mesopotamia, constituting the eastern branch of the Semitic family.
		The grammatical description offered in LW/M is based on the language of mythological narratives from the Old Babylonian period (the first half of the second millennium BCE).
		Considering the state of the art and the frame and goals of this series, the authors have confined themselves to a brief model of the language and to defining the basic linguistic strategies of Akkadian.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/semitic/lob.html (309 words)

	ETCSL:ETCSLpublications
		'Bird and Fish in the Old Babylonian Sumerian literary catalogues'.
		Zólyomi, Gábor G. 'Structural interference from Akkadian in Old Babylonian Sumerian'.
		'Scribal schooling in Old Babylonian Kish', in Heather D. Baker, Eleanor Robson and Gábor G. Zólyomi (eds.), Your praise is sweet: a memorial volume for Jeremy Black from students, colleagues and friends, Oxford: Griffith Institute.
	etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk /edition2/etcslpublications.php (813 words)

	Old Babylonian Cuneiform Clay Cone C.1900-1700 BC
		Old Babylonian Cuneiform Clay Cone C.1900-1700 BC Windsorantiquities
		Old Babylonian Cuneiform Clay Cone C.1900-1700 BC browse these categories for related items...
		RARE Old Babylonian Cuneiform Clay Cone C.1900-1700 BC.
	www.trocadero.com /stores/windsorantiquities/items/429912/item429912.html (114 words)

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