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	Old Believers - OrthodoxWiki
		Old Believers use two fingers while making the sign of the cross (two fingers straightened, three folded) while new-style Orthodoxy uses three fingers for the sign of cross (three fingers straightened, two fingers folded).
		Old Believers only recognize performing baptism through three full immersions, and reject the validity of any baptismal rite performed otherwise (for example through pouring or sprinkling, as the Russian Orthodox Church has occasionally accepted since the 18th century).
		Old Believers hold that the preservation of a certain "microclimate" that enables the salvation of one's soul requires not only living by the commandments of Christ, but also carefully preserving Church tradition, which contains the spiritual power and knowledge of past centuries, embodied in external forms.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Old_Believers (4612 words)

	Old And New Man
		he old man is the body of sin, being a complication of the several sinful lusts opposite to the holy law, as the body is of members competent to the human frame.
		The old man may live long on the cross before he be destroyed: but then his hands and feet cannot serve him as they did before, there are nails driven through them; he may move them indeed, but then it is with pain and difficulty.
		The old man himself shall be destroyed, utterly destroyed, out of all that are Christ's; so that though he has many a time trode them like a field of battle, there shall not be in them the least print of his feet to be discerned, Heb.
	www.lamblion.net /Sermons/old_and_new_man.htm (3909 words)

	Old Believers - OrthodoxWiki
		The Old Believers (старове́ры or старообря́дцы) are a group of Orthodox Christians who broke from the Church of Russia after it fell into heresy.
		Early Old Belief was characterized by rejecting "the World" where anti-Christ reigned; they preached about the imminent end of the world, asceticism, adhering to the old rituals and the old faith.
		A few Old Believer parishes in the United States have entered communion with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, such as the Church of the Nativity in Erie, Pennsylvania.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Old_Believers (2723 words)

	Meeting of Frontiers: Colonization - Religious Flight and Migration: Old Believers
		Although this clash between reformers and Old Believers had diverse roots, the essence of the dispute revolved around the incompatibility of the conservative, superstitious culture of the Muscovite state with the Western and rationalist influences beginning to affect Russia.
		The Old Believers were driven to the fringes of the Russian Empire, including the Far North (near the White Sea), southern Ukraine, and Moldavia.
		Old Believers lived on the frontiers of Russia having been driven to the edge of the empire by state authorities.
	memory.loc.gov /intldl/mtfhtml/mfcolony/col_OldBel.html (812 words)

	Old Believers
		Old Believers - Christians who split from the Russian Orthodox Church in opposition to the Russian Church Reform introduced in 1653-1666 by Patriarch Nikon.
		The Old Believers keep the tradition of crossing themselves with two fingers, they sing alleluia two versus three times, they bow low to the ground and worship only ancient icons, their cross has an oblique bar below the longer arm.
		The spiritual and cultural centre of the Popovsty became Moscow Rogozho; the centre of Bezpopovtsy is the cemetery of Prieobrazhensk.
	ldmuziejus.mch.mii.lt /Naujausiosparodos/Old_Believers.en.htm (310 words)

	Drevlepravoslavia - Old Orthodoxy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Believers were tortured, mutilated, burned, frozen buried alive, drowned and subjected to horrible torture and death.
		The acceptance of St Amvrosii as a valid Orthodox bishop by the Belakrinitsa Old Believers implied the existence of valid episcopal and priestly orders outside the fold of Old Orthodoxy, even of the position of New Rite clergy was irregular and needed regularising by the anointing with the ancient chrism.
		In the same Tradition of united belief, the Old Rite Orthodox Kellion of the Holy Trinity and St Sergius of Radonezh was received under the omophor of His Eminence, Metropolitan Philaret, True Orthodox Bishop of Paris and Westen Europe on the Sunday of Thomas, 2005.
	members.tripod.com /old_rite_orthodox/id4.html (1679 words)

	CNN--InDepth: Russia Election
		Believers suddenly were required to cross themselves with three fingers (representing the trinity of God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit), instead of two in the previous ritual.
		Old practices were banned from public display, forcing followers to perform their religious rituals in the woods or at night.
		In 1971 the Russian Orthodox Church recognized the validity of the old rites and restored the status of the Old Believers within the church.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2000/russia/story/train/old.believers (1094 words)

	Old Believers: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The Old Believers are a schismatic group of the Russian Orthodox Church.
		In 1971 the Russian Orthodox Church revoked the anathemas placed on the Old Believers in the 17th century.
		Approximately one million Old Believers remain today, some living in extremely isolated communities in places to which they fled to avoid persecution.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ol/Old-Believers.html (149 words)

	The Anniston Star - Russian Old Believers hang on in Oregon
		This is "the village," a row of houses and churches in the heart of Oregon's community of Russian Old Believers, descendants of dissident Christians who split from the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century, then fled to the United States to escape persecution.
		The Old Believers, whose faith developed in the forests and swamps of Russia's hinterlands, opposed the subordination of religion to the increasingly powerful secular government in Russia as the country became an empire.
		The 10,000 Old Believers in Oregon are the largest concentration of members of their faith living in the United States.
	www.annistonstar.com /religion/2002/as-churchnews-0104-0-2a03u5738.htm (1079 words)

	The History of Oregon
		The Staroveri (Old Believers) were originally separated into three groups: (1) one group migrating to an area around Kuban, Turkey; (2) another group migrating to an area in Manchuria near Harbin; and (3) the third group migrating to an area near Kulja and Altai in the Sinkiang Province.
		One protective (aside, perhaps, from learning to swear effectively in Portuguese) adopted by some of the Old Believers was to take their produce to the local governor and hve him or a deputy sign a paper indicating that the bearer had paid his taxes for that load in full.
		Many of the Old Believers refer to their godparents as "relatives," or even state that they were "related" to those families containing the godparents of siblings.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~sshoemak/325/texts/old_believers.htm (7358 words)

	Old Testament Believers and New Testament Christians
		Nowhere in Scripture are the Old Testament believers said to have "passed from death to life," to have been "regenerated," to have been "born again," or to have participated in the dynamic of the indwelling life of the risen Lord Jesus.
		It is illegitimate to transpose "salvation" to all the Jewish believers of the Old Testament based on an alleged "unconditional promise and covenant" to Abraham, prior to and apart from the historic revelation and redemptive activity of Jesus Christ the Savior.
		The activity of the Spirit of God to inspire and energize a particular activity in the Old Testament believers is not equivalent to the indwelling activity of the Spirit of Christ in Christians in the new covenant.
	www.christinyou.net /pages/otbntc.html (8128 words)

	Multicultural Canada
		Both Old Believer capitalists as well as large numbers of the faithful were forced into exile, and during the inter-war years they settled in the neighboring Baltic states, Poland (present-day western Ukraine and western Belarus), Romania, Bulgaria, and China (Manchuria) or emigrated to North America.
		The fifteen Old Believer families that comprised the first wave of immigration in the 1920s settled down, side by side with the other White Russian refugees from the Far East, on CPR land at Homeglen, a now abandoned hamlet near Wetaskiwin in south-central Alberta.
		The Old Believers of Hines Creek/Fairview, Alberta, belong to the priestly faction.
	www.multiculturalcanada.ca /ecp/content/old_believers.html (3140 words)

	Old Believers - BaptistBoard.com
		Starting in the 1850s various Russian scholars, none of whom were old believers, took up study of the causes and background of the reforms and resulting schism; their research showed that the official theory regarding the old Russian books and rites was unsustainable.
		Old Believer churches are currently restored in Russia, although Old Believers (unlike the nearly official mainstream Orthodoxy) are facing many difficulties in claiming their restitution rights for their churches.
		Old believers hold that for the preservation of a certain ‘microclimate’ that enables the salvation of ones soul it is not only necessary to live by the commandments of Christ, but also to carefully preserve Church tradition, which contains the spiritual power and knowledge of past centuries, embodied in external forms.
	www.baptistboard.com /showthread.php?t=12519 (4633 words)

	UNHCR - Russia: Old Believers Church, including description of the customs, the location of congregations, whether the ...
		The main objections of the Old Believers were to the reforms of the rituals rather than of the teachings of the Church (ibid.).
		However, with the opening up of their communities to tourism and to economic activity from Russia and beyond, the lifestyles of the Old Believers are beginning to change; the stress of economic changes under post-Soviet rule has led some Old Believers to commit suicide, for instance, in the community of Tarbagatay, Russia (CNN 2000).
		Old Believers have been subjected to discrimination to varying degrees during the last three centuries, by members of the Russian Orthodox Church and/or by various tsars (Wigowsky Jan. 1978, 3).
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/42df617820.html (1386 words)

	All About Latvia: Old Believers in Latvia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first organized group of Old Believers in Latvia was formed in 1660 in Courtland Duchy in the village of Liginishki.
		Russian writer Nikolai Leskov whom Russian government commissioned the study of Old Believers, said, “The Strength and prosperity of the Russian congregation of Old Believers was surprise for all.
		At the time of the First Independence in 1918, Old Believers received a right to worship God freely and even were allowed to teach God’s Law in primary schools where Old Believer families were dominant, such as in the city of Rezekne.
	www.allaboutlatvia.com /article/36/old-believers-in-latvia (986 words)

	Välisministeerium : Russian Old Believers in Estonia
		The Old Believers in Estonia were able to practice their religion in peace while their fellow worshippers in other countries were being discriminated against and persecuted.
		In the summer of 1998, an Old Believers Museum was established in Kolkja where everything connected with the life of Old Believers is exhibited.
		In 1994, the Old Believer congregations formed the Union of Old Believer Congregations whose chairman is currently Pavel Varunin.
	www.vm.ee /eng/kat_399/4990.html (977 words)

	Old Believers in Southern Sakhalin
		Among the Old Believers in Sakhalin married men never shaved, while adolescent men used to shave their beards.
		At the end of the 1960's Evstafii moved to an unnamed village of Old Believers in Khabarovsk Province.
		I shall not dwell upon the Old Believers who lived in Manchuria and Hokkaido, Japan, because I have made reports about them at the earlier conferences held respectively in Russia and Poland.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Agora/2827/nakamura.html (3211 words)

	MOFGA - The MOF&G - September 2004 - Agricultural Systems in An Old Believers’ Village in Siberia
		The Old Believers are populations of Russians who did not accept reforms made in the Russian Orthodox Church in the 15th century.
		The Old Believers of Ynegetai have an incredible relationship with their animals, in particular their cows, who are respected and treated with kindness.
		The Old Believers historically have been on the fringe of Russian society, and their ability to subsist for themselves has given them freedom from the central power.
	www.mofga.org /mofga/other/mofgs04s.html (2382 words)

	Wandering Old Believers Find a Home in Alaska By Matt Volz The Associated Press ...
		The Old Believers split from the church in the 17th century when Patriarch Nikon ordered a number of reforms to Russian Orthodoxy.
		But the Revolution forced many of the remaining Old Believers out for good, as the Soviets tried to squash their religion and the collective farms threatened their livelihood.
		Morris said the Old Believers are adapting their culture to their surroundings in order to survive, but that does not necessarily mean they will fade into the American population.
	www.apostle1.com /07-22-2004-wandering_old_believers_find_a_home1.htm (1289 words)

	Sect from 1741 Russia maintaining church as Old Believers
		While quaint old churches with onion-shaped domes are not all that uncommon, the one on a hilltop in Marianna is a rarity.
		Even though a cataclysmic mine explosion in 1908 claimed the lives of many Old Believer miners, the congregation of between 500 and 700 people was large enough to warrant the building of a church in 1910 with bricks donated by the coal company.
		Nicholas Russian Church of Orthodox Old Believers in Marianna is the first of four in the country built to serve the religious community.
	www.post-gazette.com /neigh_washington/20000625waold4.asp (799 words)

	The Russian Folksong at the University of Freiburg
		The Old Believers, by the way, are the members of the largest Russian sect, which arose in the middle of he seventeenth century when many sections of the population rejected the reforms of Nikon the Patriarch and split from the State church.
		The first Old Believers whom I got to know closely were working-class men and women who worked in my father’s business and lived very close by in a house which my father had rented for them.
		I listened to all the records with singing; they were old, played over and over, scratched, full of hiss; the romances were tormentingly kitschy, the folksongs with two or three exceptions were abominable “arrangements” for a soloist and a choir, and always with accordion or an orchestra of balalaikas.
	www.golosa.org /kresling.html (7451 words)

	Old Believers - Gurupedia
		An attempt to make the Old Believers obey the Church was the creation in 1801 of the uni-faith (единоверчество) church.
		Old Believer doctrine is identical to that of
		Approximately one million Old Believers remain today, some living in extremely isolated communities in places to which they fled centuries ago to avoid persecution.
	www.gurupedia.com /o/ol/old_believers.htm (296 words)

	Salvation in the Old Testament
		There is simply no logical necessity for the Old Testament saints to have been regenerated prior to the time that Christ offered himself as the sufficient and efficient sacrifice for their sins, particularly since there is no biblical evidence to support this contention.
		Bear in mind the argument is not that Old Testament believers were never regenerated, but that their regeneration was effectuated in time only afterChrist’s death.In other words, they were redeemed, justified, regenerated, and indwelt at the moment Christ’s sacrifice became, in time, the efficient means of their salvation.
		Accordingly, redemption, justification, regeneration, and indwelling could not have predated the Cross (nor could the Old Testament believers have been received into God’s presence in Heaven prior to the accomplishment of their salvation “in historic fact” upon the Cross—though this last point is beyond the scope of the present topic).
	www.biblicalreader.com /btr/Salvation_in_the_OT.htm (6227 words)

	Where did Old Testament believers go when they died?
		Answer: The Old Testament teaches life after death, and that all people went to a place of conscious existence called Sheol.
		At the resurrection of Jesus Christ, it seems that the believers in Hades (i.e., the occupants of Paradise) were moved to another location.
		Today, when a believer dies, he is “present with the Lord” (2 Corinthians 5:6-9).
	www.gotquestions.org /Old-Testament-believers.html (342 words)

	A History of the Russian Church
		Vladimir is believed to be the author of the first Statute of the Russian Church which regulated tithes and the appointment of clergy, thus giving an indication of a measure of autonomy within the Church.
		The Old Believers preferred to face death rather than surrender their right to worship as the pre-Nikonian service books prescribed.
		Today, there are approximately five million Old Believers of various denominations in Russia, some of whom, known as 'coreligionists' are in eucharistic communion with the Russian Orthodox Church.
	www.geocities.com /frgeorgek/russchurchhistory.html (6704 words)

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