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	Old Bolshevik - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An Old Bolshevik (Russian: старый большевик) is an unofficial designation of a member of the Bolshevik party before the Russian Revolution of 1917.
		Joseph Stalin removed nearly all Old Bolsheviks from power during the Great Purges of the 1930s.
		Various things such as a publishing house, several steamships, motorboats, kolkhozes and settlements were given the name "Old Bolshevik" in the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Bolsheviks (182 words)

	The failure of Marxism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The collapse of both old style Labourism and the USSR has left the vast bulk of the left confused and demoralised, either dead, dying or repeating decades old slogans as if oblivious to all the changes that have happened since.
		The basis of the Bolshevik attack on the factory committees was simple, the Bolsheviks wanted the factories to be owned and managed by the state, the factory committees wanted the factories to be owned and managed by the workers.
		The right of the Bolsheviks to dictate to the class was clearly expressed in 1921, by Trotsky at the 10th party congress.
	struggle.ws /wsm/talks/marxism.html (3226 words)

	[No title]
		This was the justification of the suppression of all rivals in 1918 for the Bolsheviks and for the closing down of factions in the party from 1918 to 1921.
		A further example of the Bolsheviks 'encouraging debate' was seen in their treatment of the Makhnovist in the Ukranine.
		Despite this they were betrayed by the Bolsheviks three times, and the third time they were destroyed after the Bolsheviks arrested and executed all the delegates sent to a joint military council.
	www.textfiles.com /politics/SPUNK/sp000250.txt (3783 words)

	Bolshevik Opposition to Lenin: G. T. Miasnikov and the Workers' Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Vera Kornoukhova, secretary of the Perm' Bolshevik Party Committee, afterwards testified that Miasnikov was "a bloodthirsty and embittered man, and not altogether sane," implying that he alone was responsible for the act.
		To Miasnikov all this represented a flagrant breach of Bolshevik promises, a surrender of the conquests of October.
		Many were Old Bolsheviks, and all, or nearly all, were workers.(68) Apart from the three founders (Miasnikov, Kuznetsov, and Moiseev), its most active members were I.Makh, S. Ia. Tiunov, V. Demidov, M, K. Berzina, I. Kotov, G.V.Shokhanov, and A. Medvedev (not to be confused with the Workers' Oppositionist S. Medvedev).
	struggle.ws /russia/bol_opp_lenin_avrich.html (8808 words)

	George Solomon
		He was an intimate friend of Krassin, an old Bolshevik, who was simultaneously Commissar of Railroads and Communications and Commissar of Commerce and Industry.
		It is important to note that the terms `crazed terror', `slavery' and `rivers of blood' were used by the `old Bolshevik' Solomon to describe the situation in the Soviet Union under Lenin and during the liberal period of 1924--1929, before collectivization.
		Solomon presented an interesting case of an `old Bolshevik' who was fundamentally opposed to Lenin's project, but who chose to disrupt and `distort' it from the inside.
	www.plp.org /books/Stalin/node89.html (767 words)

	5
		It is an "accepted fact" among purveyors of the totalitarian paradigm that Stalin cast Yezhov in his role in the Great Terror primarily to purge "Old Bolsheviks," i.e., to eliminate comrades who came up with Stalin during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
		It shall be seen in what follows that it was not Old Bolsheviks who were targeted by the Purges at all, as the paradigm and "conventional wisdom" of Kremlinologists requires.
		According to these analysts, "Old Bolsheviks in the present group suffered not because they were Old Bolsheviks, but because they held prominent positions within the Party, economic, and military elite," positions to which they no doubt rose in part because they had been Old Bolsheviks.
	www.geocities.com /redcomrades/chap12.html (2793 words)

	THE REVOLUTION BETRAYED
		He brought it all the necessary guarantees: the prestige of an old Bolshevik, a strong character, narrow vision, and close bonds with the political machine as the sole source of his influence.
		The chief merit of a Bolshevik was declared to be obedience.
		The old articles of Sosnovsky, passed about in manuscript from hand to hand, were sprinkled with unforgettable episodes from the life of the new ruling stratum, plainly showing to what vast degree the conquerors have assimilated the morals of the conquered.
	www.gnostics.com /trb.html (7389 words)

	International Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As he had done in 1905, he attacked those "old Bolsheviks" who continued to apply policies and methods which were appropriate for one period, but now acted as a hindrance to the aims of the revolution.
		And it is no use trying to revive it." He criticized the old Bolsheviks for refusing to abandon the formula of the "revolutionary-democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry"—which was his slogan at the start of the 1905 revolution.
		The Bolsheviks took the lead in arresting the Tsarist officials; the Mensheviks opposed "excesses." The Bolsheviks energetically undertook the creation of a workers’ militia; the Mensheviks delayed the arming of the workers, not wishing to quarrel with the bourgeoisie.
	www.isreview.org /issues/03/russian_revolution.shtml (12283 words)

	The assassination of Sergei Kirov: A tale for our times
		Few dispute the broad outline of the conspiracy: Kirov, the popular Leningrad Bolshevik party chief and potential successor to Stalin was shot by a disturbed and obsessive former party member with a grudge.
		By 1934, the country was exhausted and a rising demand for democracy within the party and the government, a relaxation of bureaucratic control, and reconciliation with the exiled Old Bolsheviks, began to exert itself powerfully, even through the thoroughly stage-managed conferences and meetings of the party.
		Thereafter threats by Zaporozhets and even a visit from Stalin could not induce the assassin to agree to incriminate the Old Bolsheviks and if he couldn’t be relied on to stick to the script, he couldn’t be brought before a public trial.
	www.brushtail.com.au /july_04_on/kirov_assassination.html (2039 words)

	From "The Bolshevik Party and 'Zinovievism': Comments on a caricature of Leninism"
		As he himself says, his concern was that, because they lacked an understanding of the history of the Russian Marxist movement, they would fail to understand the resolution and it would therefore remain "a dead letter", i.e., the new Communist parties would retain the non-revolutionary, bureaucratic practices of the reformist social democracy.
		In fact there were numerous Bolshevik newspapers, all with their own independent editorial boards that saw things their own way and wrote about them with their own perspective.
		What the incident might suggest to Leninists is that Riazanov and Lozovsky were "beta" Bolsheviks, who had not firmly understood that "to weaken or break the unity of the common party front is the worst breach of discipline and the worst mistake that can be made in the revolutionary struggle".
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/organization/Lorimer2.htm (1652 words)

	Eisenstein's October by Murray Sperber
		Back to the Second Congress: the Mensheviks claim, “The Army is not with “the Bolsheviks.” The door of the hall bursts open, a soldier announces, “The 12th Army is with the Bolsheviks.” Cut to a forest of soldiers raising their rifles—bayonets attached—in agreement; at the Second Congress, delegates stand and cheer.
		With a montage of the Bolshevik speaker receiving wild applause (all words were not over) and machine guns loading and beginning to fire, the titles flash the Bolshevik slogans.
		The bourgeois characters are all relatively old, in contrast to the young, handsome sailor.
	www.ejumpcut.org /archive/onlinessays/JC14folder/October.html (11564 words)

	H.6.16 How do the modern followers of Bolshevism slander the makhnovists?
		If you think, as the Bolsheviks clearly did, that the dictatorship of the proletariat equalled the dictatorship of the party (and vice versa) then anything which threatened the rule of the party had to be destroyed.
		After all, the Bolsheviks had preferred to compound their foes during the Civil War (and, indirectly, aid the very Whites they were fighting) by betraying their Makhnovist allies on two previous occasions (once, because the Makhnovists had dared call a conference of working people to discuss the civil war being fought in their name).
		As Palij notes, the Bolsheviks "modified their agricultural policy by introducing on February 5, 1920, a new land law, distributing the formers landlords', state, and church lands among the peasants." This, of course, was a vindication of Makhnovist policy (which dated from 1917!).
	www.nestormakhno.info /english/makfaq/h_6_15.htm (11664 words)

	LeonTrotsky: The Lessons of October
		That is why Lenin at once came out furiously against the old slogan of "the democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry," which under the new circumstances meant the transformation of the Bolshevik Party into the left wing of the defencists bloc.
		But it is plain enough that those Bolsheviks who indicted Menshevik ministerialism and who at the same time were opposed to the seizure of power by the proletariat were, in point of fact, shifting to the pre revolutionary positions of the Mensheviks.
		As a matter of fact, the Bolsheviks most actively participating in the negotiations were those who really desired the liquidation of the insurrection, and who believed in the formula of a socialist government, formed by the conciliation of all parties.
	www.marxist.net /trotsky/russia/lessons.htm (18139 words)

	Amazon.com: The Gates of November: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Solomon Slepak was an old-guard Bolshevik who never lost his faith in the party?and survived the Stalinist purges miraculously and mysteriously (Stalin exterminated almost all old party members).
		The paterfamilias of the Slepak family is "The Old Bolshevik," Solomon.
		The first generation was an old Bolshevik who commanded a division of the Red Army in the Far East during the Russian Civil War, and often met Stalin for press briefings in the 30ï¿½s.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/044991240X?v=glance (2153 words)

	Three worlds and the price of paradise - The Washington Times: Commentary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		She was 34 years old and had never left the convent.
		Nikolai I. Bukharin was an old Bolshevik, a member of the Politburo in the 1920s, chief editor of Izvestiia, a major Marxist theoretician, and onetime personal friend of Josef Stalin.
		When brought before a plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in February-March 1937, he vehemently denied charges of "treason," "sabotage" and "terrorism." Expelled from the Central Committee and the party, he was imprisoned, confessed to his crimes, and was tried in March 1938.
	www.washtimes.com /commentary/20031222-095349-9376r.htm (520 words)

	Genocides Museum: the "Red Holocaust" has been ignored by the West, but the archives are now being opened. ...
		None of these slogans were part of the Bolshevik program and all would be thrown overboard once the Bolsheviks were in power, but they served the purpose of alienating large groups of the population from the Government.
		The old criminal underworld of Tsarist Russia, which since the Time of Troubles had developed as an extraordinary milieu with its own dialect and its own law, had been greatly reinforced, and its character much modified, by the tumults of the Civil War and the famine of the early l920s.
		From the shooting of the fourteen year old Tsarevich in 1918, to that of the fourteen year old son of the old Bolshevik Lakoba in 1937, is a logical step.
	home.comcast.net /~neoeugenics/soviet.htm (17655 words)

	Great Purges
		Zinoviev: 35 years of his life in the Bolshevik party; Lenin's closest collaborator in exile and nominated by him as first chairman of the Communist International; chairman of the Petrograd Soviet for years; member of the Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the C.P. for years.
		Kamenev: also 35 years spent in the Bolshevik party; chairman of the Political Bureau in Lenin's absence; chairman of the Moscow Soviet; chairman of the Council of Labor and Defense; Lenin's literary executor.
		Bakayev: old Bolshevik leader in Moscow; member of the Central Committee and Central Control Commission during Lenin's time.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSpurge.htm (3224 words)

	The Degeneration of the Soviet Secret Police - From Guardians to Executioners
		The degeneration of the Bolshevik Revolution and the rise of Stalinist absolutism was a process which molded every element of political life in the Soviet Union.
		The Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 was a remarkably bloodless affair, and the period that immediately followed was notable for the leniency shown to the defenders of the old regime.
		Kirov, an Old Bolshevik who had supported Stalin in the factional struggles of the 1920s, was considered a liberal within the bureaucracy.
	www.bolshevik.org /1917/no10/no10kgb.html (4478 words)

	Victor Serge and (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He wasn’t quite an “Old Bolshevik.” In fact, he was critical of the “authoritarian” Bolshevik tradition from the standpoint of something called “libertarian” socialism.
		When Serge does mention a real world event other than the exploits of anarchist bandits (his word not mine) it is simply to provide a lead-in to one of his discursions on his three themes; the gullibility of the masses, the duplicity of their leaders, and the anarchist elite’s contempt for both.
		Just as the Bolsheviks were forced to turn against the Kronstadt mutineers, he seemed to imply, so the POUM was trapped, tragically, into an action against striking workers.
	csh.gn.apc.org /Archives/Libertarian/Main/Serge_main.htm (5427 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 99020438
		She kept her sharp analytical mind into old age; she read all the newspapers she could get and understood the fine points of the confusing political situation, which significantly contributed to her untimely end, by the way.
		The death of the old Bolshevik had occurred in March, and by the beginning of May so many strange incidents had taken place that Assistant Professor Telyatnikov was forced to stop and analyze things.
		Just as they showed up at their old apartment they were met with the smell of burning--a meticulous little fire had engulfed their entire room, sparing neither the furniture nor the wallpaper, and then had quietly died out by itself on the threshold of the common hall.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/random042/99020438.html (6697 words)

	The New York Review of Books: THE REAL BOLSHEVIST
		Those few Bolsheviks who occasionally dreamt aloud of a "second revolution" in the countryside were generally regarded by the major protagonists as the party's resident mad hatters.
		In this sense, it is more appropriate to observe that old Bolshevism was struck a fatal blow by the events of 1929-1933 and that something quite new came to rule Russia.
		Shortly, beginning in 1936,the old Bolsheviks themselves followed their movement to an early grave.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/11857 (1034 words)

	Old Bolshevik
		An Old Bolshevik was a member of the Bolsheviks at the time of the Russian Revolution.
		Josef Stalin removed all Old Bolsheviks from power during the Great Purges of the 1930s, except for Vyacheslav Molotov and Stalin himself.
		Most were executed for treason after mock trials, some were sent to gulags in Siberia, and a few (e.g., Alexandra Kollontai) were sent abroad as ambassadors, effectively preventing them from participating in the central government.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/o/ol/old_bolshevik.html (117 words)

	Nicola di Bartolomeo
		It was on this occasion that I told Nin that I was abandoning my work, to which Nin replied that only after a discussion before the Executive Committee to establish the relations with the Bolshevik-Leninists with the party could this other problem be discussed, and for this reason I had to continue with my collaboration.
		From August onwards the struggle within the Bolshevik-Leninists was out in the open, to the advantage of the centre-right faction of the POUM, Gorkin, Bonet, Arquer, Rovira, etc, to the disgust of those comrades of the POUM who were sympathisers of the Bolshevik-Leninists and the Fourth International.
		Nor was Nin any more ignorant of our plans, and, to tell the truth, during the first two months of the civil war he never personally declared himself against the entry of the Bolshevik-Leninists into the POUM, nor against the Fourth International, to which he was closer than he was to the London Bureau.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol4/No1-2/Bartolo.htm (6337 words)

	Leon Sedov: Red Book (Chap.6) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shliapnikov, old Bolshevik, former member of the Central Committee, leader of the former Workers Opposition;
		One must also count the 78 old Bolshevik-Zinovievists (Zalutsky, Vardin and others) interned in a concentration camp in connection with the first Zinoviev trial.
		If anyone were to compose a list of the 20-25 most prominent representatives of Bolshevism, those who played the greatest role in the history of the party and the revolution, we could easily recommend that he take as a base this list plus the old Bolsheviks executed following the Moscow trial.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/writers/sedov/works/red/ch06.htm (1510 words)

	The Center for Thaw Studies - from SovLit.com
		Intergenerational conflict centered around an honest Old Bolshevik and his adult son, who has become an arrogant, corrupt, materialistic bigwig, interested only in his position and comfort.
		The bigwig engages in an arbitrary injustice and plots to ruin the career of an innocent man. The Old Bolshevik uncovers the plot and banishes his son.
		Even the bigwig's own son--a representative of the younger generation--promises to wage tireless war on his father and all like him.
	sovlit.com /thawcenter (917 words)

	The Politburo Diktat: Exploitation of Women - National Bolshevik Party
		Spasibo, Comrade "Urthshu" for identifying Official Website of National Bolshevik Party.
		For some reason, comrade Urthshu pointed to this link.
		Extracted from: Last Old Bolshevik at June 11, 2004 02:00 PM
	acepilots.com /mt/archives/000973.html (178 words)

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