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Topic: Old Bulgarian

	Bulgarians
		The religious beliefs of The Old Bulgarians was in the existence of a solitary, extraordinary force.
		According to the old Bulgarians the things that were strongest with the force were the blood, the human head, and the sword, the horsetail and so on.
		The Byzantines met the settlement of the Old Bulgarians in the Ongul with animosity, but for a long period of time Constantine IV didn't undertake some drastic actions against Asparuh, because he was involved in a heavy struggle with the Arabians.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/europe/bulgaria.html (2440 words)

	Old Church Slavonic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old Church Slavonic (also called Old Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian, and inaccurately Old Slavic) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavonic dialect of Thessaloniki by 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius.
		Old Church Slavonic is evidenced by a relatively small body of manuscripts, written for the most part, in the late 10th and the early 11th century.
		The designation Old Bulgarian (German Altbulgarisch) was introduced in the 19th century by reputable linguists as August Schleicher, Martin Hattala and Leopold Geitler who noticed that the linguistic features of the first Slavic literary works are the same as those of the Bulgarian language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic (1745 words)

	Encyclopedia: Old Bulgarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Modern Bulgarian dates from the 16th century onwards; the present-day written language was standardized on the basis of the 19th-century Bulgarian vernacular.
		Middle Bulgarian was a transitional stage during which the language underwent crucial changes leading to its emergence as a 'Balkan' language with analytic characteristics; owing to the strong tradition of the liturgical literature, however the actual changes found in the vernaculars were hardly reflected in the manuscripts.
		Both the Old Bulgarian literary language of the ninth century and the Modern Bulgarian literary language of the nineteenth century were initiated in the western or 'Macedonian' territories.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Old-Bulgarian (382 words)

	Bulgarian language. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Bulgarian is the native tongue of some 9 million people, most of whom live in Bulgaria, where it is the official language.
		Old Bulgarian is an alternate name for the literary and liturgical language of the 9th to 11th cent.
		From Old Church Slavonic, in Bulgaria, a later local form known as Bulgarian Church Slavonic evolved, which was current from the 12th to the 15th cent.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/BulgarLan.html (405 words)

	Add new comment \| Linux Journal
		Old Bulgarian, the language of the Macedonian Slavs of the 10th and 11th centuries, was the first Slavic literary language; it developed in the Macedonian part of Bulgaria after St. Clement, a pupil and disciple of the Slavic missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius, took refuge there after having been driven out of Moravia.
		Bulgarian texts prepared before the 16th century were written mostly in an archaic language that preserved some features of both Old Bulgarian or Old Church Slavonic (10th to 11th century) and Middle Bulgarian (beginning in the 12th century).
		The Bulgarians were Christianized during this period by disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius, whose adaptation of Greek characters to a Slavonic dialect spoken in southern Macedonia eventually became the Cyrillic alphabet.
	www.linuxjournal.com /comment/reply/6336/5448 (1769 words)

	Bulgarian
		Old Bulgarian (9th to 11th century, also called Old Church Slavonic) was the language used by St. Cyril, St. Methodius and their disciples to translate the Bible and other liturgical literature from Greek.
		Bulgarian is the medium of instruction at all levels of education and is used in all electronic and print media.
		Bulgarian is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/bulgarian.html (1003 words)

	Welcome to Bulgarian Student Association
		The content of the Old Bulgarian literature in the Middle Ages had invariably been determined by the Christian doctrine, the single dominant ideology in the official workings of the church and the state, the latter being the one and only patron and consumer of this literature.
		Very few were the monuments of the medieval Bulgarian architecture that were left standing after the outrageous destruction of the Bulgarian towns by the ruthless Muslim conquerors at the end of the 14th through the middle of the 15th century.
		The name of the Bulgarian John Kukuzel, composer of a great number of hymns related to liturgy, is directly connected with the evolution of not only the Bulgarian but also of the medieval Eastern Orthodox liturgical music and medieval Christiandom in general.
	www.ucok.edu /bulgarian/culture.htm (2670 words)

	Old Church Slavonic
		After the Bulgarian king Boris I (852-889) converted to Christianity the Old Church Slavonic was readily accepted as official language in Bulgaria and from there it spread to Serbia, Russia, Wallachia and Moldavia.
		Old Church Slavonic was written in two alphabets known as Glagolitic and Cyrillic (the invention of Glagolitic has been traditionally ascribed to St. Cyril).
		It continued to be written by the Rumanians untill the 18th century and by the Serbs and Bulgarians until the 19th century.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/O/Old_Church_Slavonic.html (841 words)

	macmodlan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bulgarian is the official language of the Republic of Bulgaria and is spoken as their native language by about 8.5 million people within the boundaries of Bulgaria.
		Middle Bulgarian was a transitional stage during which the language underwent crucial changes leading to its emergence as a 'Balkan' language with analytic characteristics; owing to the strong tradition of the liturgical literature, however the actual changes found in the vernaculars were hardly reflected in the manuscripts.
		Both the Old Bulgarian literary language of the ninth century and the Modern Bulgarian literary language of the nineteenth century were initiated in the western or 'Macedonian' territories.
	www.ucc.ie /staff/jprodr/macedonia/macmodlan.html (1060 words)

	Institute for Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1989 the Department of Old Bulgarian Literature was established as an autonomous section of the Institute.
		Research in the history and theory of medival Bulgarian literature, relations between Slavonic and Byzantine literature, Orthodox and cultural phenomena, computer processing of medieval Slavonic manuscripts, research on sources, critical, textual, literary, historical and theoretical analyses of medieval Bulgarian literary texts, comparative comparative analyses of Old Bulgarian Literature in the context of Medieval Slavonic Literature.
		Bulgarian literature in the context of Byzantine and Medieval Slavonic Literature.
	www.ilit.bas.bg /eng/stara_bul_lit_en.php (576 words)

	Bulgarian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Old Bulgarian Period lasted from the 9th century through the 11th century, and the texts from this period make up the bulk of the Old Church Slavic texts, their colloquial, popular variant.
		Bulgarian lost the case system that existed in Common Slavic, the language from which all Slavic languages descended.
		Bulgarian verbs have a large variety of tenses, including present, future, future perfect, future in the past, perfect, pluperfect, imperfect, and aorist, in addition to an imperative, a verbal adverb, and various participles.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/slav/bulgarian.html (352 words)

	Bulgarian
		The Old Bulgarian Period lasted from the 9th century through the 11th century, and the texts from this period make up the bulk of the Old Church Slavonic texts.
		The Modern Bulgarian Period started in the 15th century, but the modern literary language, which is quite different from Old Bulgarian, formed only during the 19th century.
		Bulgarian verbs have a large variety of tenses, including present, future, future perfect, future in the past, perfect, pluperfect, imperfect, and aorist, in addition to an imperative, a verbal adverb, and various participles.
	thor.prohosting.com /linguist/bulgarian.htm (379 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History of Bulgaria, Conversion of the Bulgarian People... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The church in Constantinople gave its consent to the acknowledgement of the autocephaly of one single Bulgarian archbishopric, comprising all Bulgarian lands and connected dejure with the oecumenical partiarchate.
		For, the invention of the Old Bulgarian alphabet and its introduction in church and state usage could not, in itself, meet the cause of curbing the danger of nationality erosion.
		After eight years of strenuous preparation of the Bulgarian clergy and their mastering the Old Bulgarian literary language, in 893 AD the general assembly of the nation, specially convened for the occasion, formally decreed the introduction of Old Bulgarian as the official language of the Bulgarian state and church.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/bulgaria/conver.html (2171 words)

	Bulgarian language
		The Old Bulgarian Period lasted from the 9th century through the 11th century, and the texts from this period make up the bulk of the Old Church Slavic texts, their colloquial, popular variant.
		Bulgarian lost the case system that existed in Common Slavic, the language from which all Slavic languages descended.
		In Bulgarian languages, as in English, prepositions have replaced cases as a way of showing the grammatical relationships between different parts of a sentence-for example, in Bulgarian: knigata za zhenata (the book about the woman) and dadoh knigata na zhenata (I gave the book to the woman).
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/bulgarian.html (352 words)

	St. Cyril and St. Methodius-European Saint Patron
		Bulgarian Alphabet was created in IX century by the two Bulgarians in Solun brothers Cyril and Methodius to promote the Bible in Bulgarian Language.
		The modern Bulgarian literary language is characterized by dropping of the case forms, by the use of the definite article, by nine tenses, four moods, etc.
		Old Bulgarian was firmly established as a language, contributing to the survival of the nation at least as much as the sword did, and to the fame of Tsar Simeon, rightfully called Bulgaria's Charles the Great.
	www.macedoniainfo.com /cyrill_and_methodius.htm (4012 words)

	Resources for Bulgarian Linguistics
		Bulgarian phraseology from 1861-2000 is the subject of this bibliography.
		The sections of the Bulgarian national bibliography devoted to journal and newspaper articles and their precursor are annotated on the page concerning Bulgarian Periodical Resources.
		Five standard Bulgarian dictionaries are used as sources and they are indicated by means of a letter abbreviation A, T, M, R, or P (for more details about the symbols read the introduction).
	www.library.uiuc.edu /spx/class/SubjectResources/SubSourBul/lingbulg.htm (4742 words)

	Church Slavonic. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A.D., this language is variously termed Old Church Slavonic, Old Church Slavic, or Old Bulgarian.
		The year 1100 is the conventional dividing line between the ancestor, Old Church Slavonic, and its descendant, the later Church Slavonic, which flourished as the literary language of a number of Slavic peoples before the 18th cent.
		Old Church Slavonic is the first Slavic language known to have been recorded in writing.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/ChurchSl.html (427 words)

	Maps of Indo-European Languages-Bulgarian
		Bulgarian is in the South Slavic subfamily of Slavic languages that descended from the Balto-Slavic branches of Indo-European.
		Bulgarian is most closely related to modern Slovenian, Sebo-Croatian, and Macedonian.
		One testament to the stamina of Bulgarian is that, even after a series of non-Bulgarian races have invaded the area, the conquerors have always been absorbed linguistically into the Bulgarian language.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/IE_Satem_Bulgarian.html (253 words)

	Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bulgarian is the official language spoken by around 85% of the Bulgarian population; it has two significantly different dialects: eastern and western.
		The period of ‘Old Bulgarian’ falls between the ninth to eleventh centuries AD and begins with the creation of an alphabet; until this point Bulgarian was solely an oral language.
		The Middle Bulgarian period (twelfth to the fourteenth centuries) is considered a transitional stage for the Bulgarian language with significant changes in the vernacular; it was at this time that strong distinctions between Bulgarian and the other Slavonic languages were created.
	scic.cec.eu.int /Main/enlargement/lan_pres/bulg_01.htm (884 words)

	Learn bulgare, bulgare Windows, bulgare Office, bulgare Software, bulgare Dictionary, bulgare Translation, bulgare ...
		Bulgarian is spoken by about 90 percent of the population of Bulgaria, or some 8 million people.
		Old Bulgarian, or Old Church Slavonic as it came to be called, long served as the literary vehicle of all the Slavic languages.
		Bulgarian also differs from the other Slavic languages in that it makes use of articles, both definite and indefinite, the former being suffixed to the noun.
	www.worldlanguage.com /French/Languages/Bulgarian.htm (376 words)

	Welkya - The Creation of the Slav Script - Part2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Since the Old Bulgarian writings were written in two alphabets – the Cyrillic and the Glagolitic – there has been a long dispute over the question: which of the two Old Bulgarian alphabets was the one created by Cyril.
		The name of Old Slavonic is not suitable, because it is indefinite, this language is not Old Slavonic in general, and it is highly differentiated as an individual Slav language.
		About the language of the Old Russian literature, the well known Russian scholar Shakhmatov wrote: "The origin of the literary Russian language is the Church Slavonic language (Old Bulgarian in origin) transferred to Russian soil, which in the course of ages came closer to the living people’s language and gradually lost its alien aspect".
	www.bulgaria.com /welkya/kritika/slave2.html (2448 words)

	HermesSOFT \| Cyrillic :: Glagolitic :: Multilingual :: Typefaces
		The Slavic alphabet and the Old Bulgarian literary language, created by the Holy Brothers Cyril and Methodius and based on the Bulgarian dialects from the IX century are Bulgaria’s paramount contribution to the human civilization.
		The Bulgarian medieval literature is the only area in our cultural history that enjoys a tremendous interest in Europe and the United States.
		The result - a set of Glagolitic and Old Bulgarian fonts is created, which is unique in the history of font design in Bulgaria and abroad.
	www.hermessoft.com /newproject/cyr_glagol.php (552 words)

	GeDa Property Bulgaria - Bulgarian Real Estates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is a 150-year old traditional Bulgarian house in a quiet mountain village 10km away from the town of Elena.
		This is an attractive property consisting of a new and an old house in a quiet village 10km away from Varna and 30km away from Veliko Turnovo, right in the heart of the mountain.
		This is an old house of the Bulgarian Revival type (built around 1885) and it is situated in a quiet village 35km away from Veliko Turnovo.
	www.gedaproperty.com /RUR/rural-41-60.html (1237 words)

	Bulgarian athletes soar - People news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bulgarian sportsmen snatched more medals than their predecessors had in all other 18 Winter Games combined.
		In addition, her contribution to the Bulgarian relay team was essential in picking up a prestigious sixth place in the 3000m.
		With his 16th spot in the Alpine combination, the 24-year-old Bulgarian surpassed not only the expectations of his trainers, but also revived the memory of better days for Bulgarian Alpine skiing, when, some 20 years ago, legendary Petar Popangelov became the first Bulgarian to rub shoulders with the world alpine skiing elite.
	www.sofiaecho.com /article/bulgarian-athletes-soar/id_3984/catid_30 (671 words)

	WORDNET Foreign Language Translation Service - Bulgarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bulgarian is a Slavic language spoken by 90% of the population of Bulgaria.
		The dialect of the Bulgarian tribes (old Bulgarian) was used as the basis for this alphabet.
		Because of this, the language used in the middle ages for most official and ecclesiastical documents for Eastern Orthodox Slavs was Old Bulgarian.
	www.wordnet.com /languages/bulgarian.html (95 words)

	History page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The first Bulgarian empire was established in 681, introduced to Christianity by BORIS I (r.852-89) in 865, at the height of its power under SIMEON I, and subjugated by the Byzantines in 1018.
		Turkey’s suppression of a Bulgarian revolt (1876) was one of the reasons for the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78.
		It was adopted by the Bulgarian National Assembly on 31st of July, 1997.
	work.colum.edu /~mmartcheva/history.html (376 words)

	Slavic Branch of the Indo-European Family
		With the exception of Bulgarian and Macedonian, all nouns, adjectives, and pronouns are marked for number (singular, plural, and sometimes dual), gender (feminine, masculine, and neuter), and case ((nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional).
		Old Church Slavonic (also called Old Slavic, Old Church Slavic or Old Bulgarian) is the first literary and liturgical Slavic language developed by the 9th century missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius.
		Today, Old Church Slavonic remains the liturgical language of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/SlavicBranch.html (973 words)

	Veliko Turnovo
		Tsarevets was the capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom in XII century AC.
		The fateful events from the 13 centuries old Bulgarian State are related with this town, such as the Second Bulgarian Kingdom's apogee in XII - XIII centuries AC and the adoption of the First Bulgarian Constitution in 1874.
		Now the old town quarters are preserved with their dislocated on terraces Bulgarian Renaissance houses, with their fine interior, handdiccraft workshops and cafés.
	www.travel-bulgaria.com /content/veliko_turnovo.shtml (298 words)

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