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Topic: Old Forest

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Glossary

	Old growth forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old growth forests usually have multiple vertical layers of vegetation representing a variety of tree species and a variety of different age classes.
		Old growth forests typically have not been subject to logging or other significant disturbance long enough to reach an ecological state that is free of the effects of severe disturbance.
		Forest regenerated after clear-cut or fire is referred to as second-growth or regeneration until a long enough period has passed that the effects of the disturbance are no longer significant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_growth (893 words)

	Old growth forest -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Old growth forests usually have multiple vertical layers of (All the plant life in a particular region) vegetation representing a variety of tree ((biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed) species and a variety of different age classes.
		Old growth forests typically have not been subject to (The work of cutting down trees for timber) logging or other significant disturbance long enough to reach an ecological state that is free of the effects of disturbance.
		Forest regenerated after (Click link for more info and facts about clear-cut) clear-cut or (The act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy) fire is referred to as second-growth or regeneration until a long enough period has passed that the effects of the disturbance are no longer significant.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/ol/old_growth_forest.htm (1057 words)

	Old Forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tolkien’s fictional universe of Middle-earth, the Old Forest is a small forested area which lies east of the Shire.
		The Old Forest is one of the few survivors of the primordial forests which covered most of Eriador before the Second Age, and it once was but the northern edge of one immense forest which reached all the way to Fangorn forest.
		At the south-eastern edge of the forest, on the bank of the river Withywindle, stood the house of Tom Bombadil, who rescued the Hobbits when they were trapped by a tree Tom called Old Man Willow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Forest (264 words)

	BREE The Old Forest
		Old stories declare that in daylight the trees are usually content to watch, except for the more unfriendly ones, but at night in the Old Forest things can be most alarming.
		In most of the Old Forest one still sees what Frodo and his friends encountered: tree-trunks of innumerable sizes and shapes, straight or bent, twisted, leaning, squat or slender, smooth or gnarled and branched; and all the stems green or grey with moss and slimy, shaggy fungi.
		It was not called the Old forest without reason, for it was indeed ancient, a survivor of vast forgotten woods; and in it there lived yet, ageing no quicker than the hills, the fathers of the fathers of trees, remembering times when they were lords.
	www.esatclear.ie /~vildarsplace/meo/bree/forest.html (718 words)

	Old-Growth Forest Information
		Among all the forests of the world, the Pacific Northwest old-growth forest is unique because of the size and old age of its trees, the accumulations of biomass (weight and density of living organisms), and the climate, with its wet, mild winters and dry, warm summers.
		The Pacific Northwest old-growth forests are found only in parts of western North America--the area from southeast Alaska and southwest British Columbia, down through western Washington, western Oregon, and the edge of northern California; and from the Pacific Ocean inland to the crest of the Cascade Mountains.
		Recycling--When a fallen tree rots on the forest floor, or an animal dies and its body decays, then the organic materials are recycled in the ecosystem.
	www.fs.fed.us /pnw/oldgrowth.htm (1261 words)

	Forests of Middle-earth
		By the end of the Third Age the only remnants of the great wood were the Old Forest in the north and Fangorn in the south.
		Old Man Willow was the most dangerous of these, and he had spread his dominion over all of the Old Forest.
		Later, in Fangorn Forest, Treebeard told Merry and Pippin that the Old Forest was once part of the great wood that stretched from Fangorn to the Mountains of Lune in the northwest.
	www.tuckborough.net /forests.html (4308 words)

	3.3. OLD GROWTH FOREST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The definition focuses on forests in which the upper stratum or overstorey is in the late mature to overmature growth stages.
		In line with the precautionary principle, it permits any forest with negligible evidence of disturbances of any origin to be considered as old growth forest, and requires that the significance of discernible growth stage proportions and disturbance evidences be evaluated according to how significantly the forest structure differs from a state of ecological maturity.
		Forest growth stages were identified and mapped by the Broad Old Growth Mapping Project (BOGMP) using aerial photograph interpretation (API) of colour 1:25,000 photographs of varying ages.
	www.racac.nsw.gov.au /reports/iap/chapter3/ch3_300.htm (1586 words)

	THE OWAIN LAKE OLD-GROWTH FOREST
		Thus, both the Council and the MNR have chosen to ignore the fact that old-growth white and red pine forests are teetering on the edge of extinction by allowing approximately half of the old-growth pine in Temagami to be logged.
		In addition, within the core area of both stands, (1) six common forest understory plant species show significant differences in abundance between stands, (2) three common overstory tree species show significant differences in abundances between satnds and (3) the density of logs on the forest floor is two times greater at Obabika compared with Owain.
		The forest composition in the core area at the Owain Stand has a greater proportion of red maple and white spruce whereas the forest composition in the core of the Obabika Stand has a greater proportion of white cedar.
	www.ancientforest.org /rr9.html (3720 words)

	Old Growth Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Iron Bark Old Growth is quite open and dry with a hard forest floor due to the usually low rainfall volumes in the Iron Bark belt.
		The forest floor is very soft and springy due to layer upon layer of breaking down plant waste which is the perfect place for fragile plants to be nurtured.
		The forest is quite capable of supplying us with timber but the cost is not how much it costs to keep a bulldozer running, it is the wisdom and super intelligence of our scientific and ecological people to develop a way to work in harmony with the forests ecosystem.
	www.green.net.au /adan/oldgr.htm (404 words)

	Old growth forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Much of the old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest is dominated by Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) and Tsuga heterophylla (Western hemlock).
		The forest at the Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility is representative of this type.
		Currently the high biodiversity of the forest canopy is influenced by epiphytic communities that develop on the large, and we think long-lived, branches of P.
	faculty.washington.edu /edford/research/old_growth.html (610 words)

	Old Growth Foresty in Pennsylvania
		A remote grove of old growth eastern hemlock in 73 acres is found along a tributary of Bark Cabin Run.
		Old growth eastern hemlocks shade the headwaters of the East Branch of Big Run in a 186-acre mix of plant communities resulting from turn-of-the-century logging, fires and recent tornadoes.
		A 2,000-acre tract is a remnant of the original forest that once covered 6 million acres on the Allegheny Plateau of New York and Pennsylvania.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /wrcf/keynotes/summer99/growth.htm (702 words)

	What is an "old-growth" forest? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These are the characteristics that are generally used to describe an old-growth forest.
		Forests can begin to develop old-growth characteristics as soon as 150 years of age.
		Mature forests less than 150 years old typically contain some, but not all, of the old-growth characteristics.
	www.nwoldgrowth.org /overview/whatis.htm (141 words)

	GORP North Cascades National Park, Lake Chelan and Ross Lake National Recreation Areas in Washington - Old Growth Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To be considered an old-growth forest at least some trees need to be 200-300 years old; the forest must have a multi-level canopy; and there must be downed logs and standing dead trees, called snags.
		Old-growth forests are characterized by a mixture of old and new, large and small, living and dead—all part of a dynamic ecosystem that is growing, evolving and continually changing.
		Lichen in the forest canopy pull nitrogen from the air, which is washed down to the soil and used by the forest's vegetation; symbiotic fungi attached to roots supply plants and tree with water and nutrients and in return take carbohydrates; animals eat tree and plant material and help spread seeds across the forest.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_national_park/wa/old_nor.htm (701 words)

	Don't Buy Old Growth - Rainforest Action Network
		The Old Growth Campaign works to preserve the Earth's remaining ancient forests by driving old growth wood products out of the marketplace and by promoting the use of sustainable alternatives.
		These forests are the lungs of our planet and home to some of the most beautiful and oldest living ecosystems.
		RAN is currently working to pressure top US logging companies and forest products retailers to adopt policies that meet or exceed Boise’s commitment to end the logging of old growth and endangered forests worldwide.
	www.ran.org /ran_campaigns/old_growth (852 words)

	AMC: Publications - An old-growth forest in New Hampshire
		"Forest Spirit," explores the ways that old growth reveals truths about nature and appeals to the soul.
		Several other groups are also working to protect old growth, including the Eastern Old Growth Clearinghouse, the Nature Conservancy, and the Wilderness Society.
		The Forest Service's newest initiative, the roadless plan, was developed in response to President Bill Clinton's call in October 1999 for protection of the last remaining roadless areas in our national forests.
	www.outdoors.org /publications/outdoors/2000/2000-forest-next.cfm (387 words)

	The Old Forest
		A remnant of the great forests of Middle-earth in the Second Age; most of these forests were felled by the Númenóreans, but two isolated woodlands remained.
		Over a number of visits during her travels, she came to greatly admire and love the old Hag, as she affectionately called her.
		The old Hag later passed away and Alandriel inherited the cabin, along with all its belongings according to her wishes.
	uk.geocities.com /alandriel_elessendil/TheOldForest.htm (423 words)

	Hutcheson Memorial Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Hutcheson Memorial Forest (HMF) is a unique area consisting of one of the last uncut forests in the Mid-Atlantic states, along with the surrounding lands devoted to protection of the old forest and research into ecological interactions necessary to understand the forest.
		These fields now serve as a contrast to the old forest in scientific studies, as a buffer from damaging human encroachment into the old forest, and as a nature reserve in their own right in an increasingly urban landscape.
		Thus, the Hutcheson Memorial Forest, named for William L. Hutcheson, a past President of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, is a prime example of cooperation and partnership in conservation.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~deenr/HMF.html (715 words)

	MTU--Researchers Study 10,000-Year-Old Buried Forest
		* The spruce forest, preserved through a highly unusual set of circumstances at the end of the last Ice Age, was discovered by accident in a sand pit located in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
		While the spruce needles had fallen to what was once the forest floor, most of the trees were upright and intact, including bark and twigs.
		Because the forest was discovered below the water table, researchers had to do their work in a few days' time, while water was held back temporarily by dikes and pumps.
	www.admin.mtu.edu /urel/breaking/2000/forest.html (630 words)

	Old Growth Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Virginia, many ecologists and historians have neglected the influence of Native groups on climax communities, so the forest conditions encountered by Europeans after 1607 are generally considered to represent the climax or the true nature of virgin woodlands.
		This extends to Braun's classification of inner coastal plain forests as "oak-pine forests." While oak is the dominant tree species, she included pine because it is the predominant _post-disturbance_ successional species.
		That ignores evidence that pine was exceedingly rare in forests that had lower levels of Native influence, such as in Essex County on the south shore of the Rappahannock River.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~environ/archives/threads/grforest.html (1762 words)

	19/1/2005 -- IDAHO: Old-growth forest plan critiqued
		Art Zack, an old growth specialist with IPNF, said The Lands Council refused to identify the areas it inventoried for the report.
		He said the Lands Council sample was less than 1 percent of the old growth in the forest.
		Old growth habitat is critical to dozens of rare species on the IPNF -- including caribou, bears, lynx, and goshawk.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=38226 (944 words)

	The Myth of Old Growth Forest: Size Does Matter - SierraTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Old growth is the habitat necessary to support spotted owls, goshawks and other forest critters, they say.
		In one hand is a 20 inch diameter 66 year old slice and in the other an 88 year old slice that is four inches across.
		The myth of old growth is no excuse to stand by while our forests, wildlife habitat and water sources are destroyed.
	www.sierratimes.com /02/09/17/arhh091702.htm (729 words)

	Old Growth Forest of West Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The old growth area once consisted of a beautiful stand of virgin red spruce (18-30 inches in diameter and over 120 feet tall), large beech and some yellow birch trees.
		In the late 1980s, the dreaded beech bark disease spread to the area and soon the large beech were rotting on the forest floor.
		He sold it to the state to protect the forest from the "galdarned timberman" who wanted to cut the 7 million board feet of timber.
	jupiter.drw.net /wvhc/VoiceFeb00/Forestry.BG.Feb00Voice.htm (534 words)

	Group: Old-growth forest neglected - billingsgazette.com
		It has also not determined whether enough of the forests are left to support forest animals that rely on or tracked the impacts of logging on the forests.
		"This report reveals a Forest Service policy and practice of concealing the impacts that industrial logging is having on the most at-risk wildlife species," said Jeff Juel, who works for the Ecology Center and authored the report.
		The group said it is asking Bradley Powell, Forest Service manager for the Northern Rockies region, to allow the group to help draft comprehensive forest management plans.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2003/09/30/build/local/54-group.inc (329 words)

	The Old Forest
		The eaves of the Forest behind were clipped as trim as a hedge.
		It was now as clear and as far-seen as it had been veiled and misty when they stood upon the knoll in the Forest, which could now be seen rising pale and green out of the dark trees in the West.
		In that direction the land rose in wooded ridges, green, yellow, russet under the sun, beyond which lay hidden the valley of the Brandywine.
	fan.theonering.net /middleearthtours/oldforest.html (391 words)

	Virginia couple joins old-forest project - The Washington Times: Metropolitan - November 17, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ted Harris, who founded the 500-Year Forest Foundation about eight years ago, said the foundation intends to work with other private landowners to establish a connecting corridor of old forests.
		An old growth forest is one that has a large number of very large, very old trees and a high degree of biodiversity.
		On the Kolbs' two tracts of forest, the largest trees are probably 60 to 80 years old.
	www.washtimes.com /metro/20041116-115239-8040r.htm (351 words)

	old_forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They were ‘not many miles’ from the East Road but they were misled by the baleful influence of the forest and switched further and further south and east until they scrambled down a gully to the river Withywindle.
		Tom Bombadil’s house was on the west side of a hill (Fog on the Barrow-downs; Bk 1) which was apparently just called ‘Hill’ (The Old Forest; Bk 1) just as Bag End was on a hill just called ‘The Hill’.
		It was just outside the eaves of the Forest which ran sharply north from there.
	www.btinternet.com /~p_cooper/old_forest.html (93 words)

	2002 Estimates of Old Growth Forests
		Old growth definitions for eleven conifer forest types were used as the basis for classifying plots as old growth.
		Old growth forests are of increasing importance as they contribute to the overall biodiversity of the National Forests, are key wildlife habitat of late serial dependent species, and store large amounts of carbon which contributes to the slowing of global warming.
		Estimates of old growth forestland and estimates of forestland by forest type were derived from the inventory plot expansions.
	www.fs.fed.us /r5/rsl/publications/oldgrowth/oldgrowth2002.html (5264 words)

	HomeIssues.com - Materials Category Listing
		To the contrary, the demand for old fashioned home phones has kept manufacturers adding oodles of new lines as well as facsimiles and variations of models developed over the century.
		Window Restoration - Before replacing those drafty old windows with new aluminum windows or thermal panes, homeowners should consider the merits of restoration, according to Tom Clark of Leeds-Clark.
		Displaying Old Pictures - A picture frame is more than the definitive edge on a work of art although the earliest of frames were just that--painted borders around frescos in ancient Pompeii or early Christian Byzantine mosaics.
	www.homeissues.com /viewcategory.cgi?category=3 (2886 words)

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