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Topic: Old Kingdom of Egypt

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Old Kingdom

History of Ancient Egypt

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

List of pharaohs

1530 BC

2630 BC

New Kingdom

First Intermediate Period of Egypt

Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

1530s BC

Sneferu

Third dynasty of Egypt

Conventional Egyptian chronology

Fourth dynasty of Egypt

	Old Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Old Kingdom is most commonly regarded as spanning the period of time when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through to the Sixth Dynasty (2630–2151 BC).
		The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period.
		The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known, however, for the large number of pyramids, which were constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt (763 words)

	Old Kingdom -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the (Click link for more info and facts about First Intermediate Period) First Intermediate Period.
		The royal capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom was located at (An ancient city of Egypt on the Nile (south of Cairo)) Memphis, where (Click link for more info and facts about Djoser) Djoser established his court.
		The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known, however for the large number of ((stock market) a series of transactions in which the speculator increases his holdings by using the rising market value of those holdings as margin for further purchases) pyramids which were constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/ol/old_kingdom.htm (796 words)

	Egypt's Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Old Kingdom was a peaceful and prosperous period.
		The pharaohs of the Old Kingdom had not even kept a permanent standing army, relying on civil officials to lead peasant recruits whenever campaigns were necessary.
		Egypt's influence was also felt to the northeast in Palestine in order to protect its copper mines in the Sinai.
	www.flowofhistory.com /Reading11A.OldKingdom.htm (1320 words)

	Egypt - The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C.
		Historians have given the name "kingdom" to those periods in Egyptian history when the central government was strong, the country was unified, and there was an orderly succession of pharaohs.
		These periods are known as "intermediate periods." The Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom together represent an important single phase in Egyptian political and cultural development.
		The political and economic system of Egypt developed around the concept of a god incarnate who was believed through his magical powers to control the Nile flood for the benefit of the nation.
	countrystudies.us /egypt/6.htm (659 words)

	Old Kingdom Egypt - History for Kids!
		When Egypt was first unified around 3000 BC under a Pharaoh from Upper Egypt (the south), the Pharaohs quickly came to have a great deal of power over their subjects.
		The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, by Ian Shaw (2002).
		History of Ancient Egypt: An Introduction, by Erik Hornung (1999).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/egypt/history/oldkingdom.htm (300 words)

	The Old Kingdom: 2650-2134 BC
		This period,from 2650-2134, the Old Kingdom, was the richest and most creative period in Egyptian history.
		All the pyramids were built at this time; the growth in population and wealth allowed the kings to apportion vast amounts of labor and materials to these monuments to themselves.
		The Egyptian in the street did not expect an afterlife of bliss or rebirth during the Old Kingdom; it was only in later Egyptian history that rebirth was seen as common to all humans.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/EGYPT/OLD.HTM (607 words)

	PlanetPapers - Sculpture of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt
		Old Kingdom is known as the Golden Age of Egyptian art: during this period the famous pyramids of Giza and the legendary Sphinx were built and the canon that lasted for two millenniums was established.
		Obviously all the sculptures of the Old Kingdom can be recognized as such because of the general features (barely indicated musculature, lack of detailing, and general squareness) and materials used (painted limestone, wood, terra-cotta).
		The canon started to develop at the end of the Old Kingdom, during the Vth dynasty and continued to be used in the Middle and the New Kingdoms.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/1832.php (1905 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site: Old Kingdom
		The Old Kingdom is not as much a breach with the Early Dynastic Period as a continuation of it.
		Another key factor in the decline of the Old Kingdom was a decreasing inundation of the Nile.
		Some history books have the 7th/8th Dynasty at the end of the Old Kingdom, but since it was during that Dynasty that the central government lost its grip on the country, it seems preferable to already place this dynasty in the 1st Intermediate Period.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /history/04_06 (958 words)

	Old Kingdom
		The Old Kingdom -study of the characteristics of the Old Kingdom
		He was a warrior and a king from the throne of Upper Egypt at the age of 15.
		The white crown was the crown of Upper Egypt and the red crown was the crown of the Delta region.
	www.mindspring.com /~sherriscorner/old.htm (1144 words)

	The Egyptian Old Kingdom, Sumer and Akkad
		Lengths of 180 years for the I Dynasty and 120 for the II are in the range of variation for Old Kingdom dynasties.
		W.B. Emery, Archaic Egypt [Penguin, 1961]; Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs [Oxford, 1966]; Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs [Thames and Hudson, 1994].
		Another feature we should note is that the Old Kingdom kings of Egypt did not, as far as we know, engage in the scale of foreign military adventures that become familiar in later dynasties.
	www.friesian.com /notes/oldking.htm (4640 words)

	Canaan & Ancient Israel @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the Old Kingdom of Egypt (2675&emdash;2130 BCE), the pharaoh was the head a highly centralized government and his officials oversaw massive building projects along the Nile River.
		It was also during the Old Kingdom that the process of mummification came into use to preserve the body of the Egyptian deceased.
		In summary, it seems at least plausible to suggest that Egypt continued to dominate this region at least until the mid-part of the century and perhaps to the end of the century at least at Beth Shan.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /Canaan/Egypt.shtml (755 words)

	Old Kingdom Dynasties
		The Old Kingdom was the first great era of the royal state of Egypt, an era in which powerful autocrats so dominated the resources of the Nile Valley that they could devote themselves to the achievement of extraordinary works of monumental art and architecture.
		The greatest achievement of the Old Kingdom state was its development of a bureaucracy so extensive and so efficient that it could manage the astonishing logistical problems associated with that the construction of the pyramid complexes.
		A more recent theory maintains that the collapse of the Old Kingdom was brought about by natural disaster, as several decades of consistently low Nile floods led to famine, economic disorder, and the breakdown of the royal bureaucracy.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/legacy/egypt/old_kingdom.html (939 words)

	The End of the Early Bronze Age
		The Old Kingdom in Egypt, the period when the pyramids were built, a great and splendid age, came to its end in a natural disaster.
		The Early Bronze Age was simultaneously terminated in all the countries of the ancient East—a vast catastrophe spread ruin from Troy to the Valley of the Nile.
		In my scheme the end of the Early Bronze Age or Old Kingdom in Egypt is the time of the momentous events connected with the story of the patriarch Abraham, and described in the Book of Genesis as the overturning of the plain.
	www.varchive.org /itb/bronzage.htm (1255 words)

	Egypt: Old Kingdom Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And certainly the awe inspiring remains of temples, tombs and pyramids lining the edge of the western desert at Saqqara and Giza bear eloquent testimony to the intellect, energy, resources and resourcefulness of their builders.
		Dynasty did the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom impose a centralized and effective state.
		Raids from desert nomads from the east and west and from Nubians to the south contributed to the chaos caused by internal strife.
	www.portergaud.edu /cmcarver/oksum.html (719 words)

	Is there evidence of the Exodus from Egypt?
		Aardsma's chronology places the Exodus at the end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt, at the boundary between the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period.
		It was the collapse of the whole society, and Egypt itself had become a world in turmoil, exposed to the horrors of chaos which was always waiting for the moment when the personification of the divine being - the Pharaoh - neglected his duties or simply disappeared.
		The historical/archaeological reconstruction of ancient Egypt reveals a reasonably definitive match between the end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and the biblical account of the Exodus.
	www.biblicalchronologist.org /answers/exodus_egypt.php (1052 words)

	c. The Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (1st-11th Dynasties). 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At the beginning of the period, the various nomes were probably independent states, but by the end there were two kingdoms: Lower Egypt with a capital at Pe in the northwest Delta and Upper Egypt ruled either from Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) or This (near Abydos).
		Menes, whose Horus name was Narmer, was the king of Upper Egypt who conquered Lower Egypt, united the two lands and built the city of Memphis, near the border, as his capital.
		In the Old Kingdom the population of Egypt was between 1.5 and 2 million.
	www.bartleby.com /67/91.html (882 words)

	NOVA Online/Pyramids/Ancient Egypt
		When the wind dies down and the sands are still, a long shadow casts a wedge of darkness across the Sahara, creeping ever longer as the north African sun sinks beyond the horizon.
		This is where our history of Egypt begins, in the shadow of the Great Pyramid of Giza, where stone meets sky as a testament to one of the greatest civilizations on earth.
		Five thousand years ago, the fourth dynasty of Egypt's Old Kingdom was a highly advanced civilization where the kings, known as pharaohs, were believed to be gods.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/age.html (382 words)

	Old Kingdom Egypt - Ancient Map
		The capital of Old Kingdom Egypt was the city of Memphis.
		Old kingdom Egypt's neighbours included Lybia to the west, across the desert.
		Some argue that the famines caused by the low level floods towards the end of the Old Kingdom helped contribute to the downfall of this period.
	alex.edfac.usyd.edu.au /blp/websites/egypt/ANCMAP.HTM (179 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Bibliography: The Old Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt During the Old Kingdom
		Egyptologist Jaromir Malek, of "Atlas of Ancient Egypt"-fame, provides a detailed study of the history of the Old Kingdom, the so-called Pyramid-age.
		A well illustrated study of the history of the Old Kingdom, a history that is often overshadowed by the pyramids that were built and by the later New Kingdom.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /bib/hist_ok.html (95 words)

	The First Intermediate Period in Egypt
		The Old Kingdom appears to have ended towards the end of the 6th Dynasty, and the Middle Kingdom was founded when Upper and Lower Egypt were reunited during the 11th Dynasty: I will restrict the discussions to this period.
		He was the governor of the Twentieth Nome of Upper Egypt, centred on Heracleopolis and seized the throne, laying down the foundations of the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties.
		The end of dynasty XI constitutes the beginning of the Middle Kingdom, and is marked by the reappearance of a strong central power controlling all of Egypt.
	www.yare.org /essays/fip.htm (2568 words)

	Ancient Egypt : Old Kingdom
		The king of Ancient Egypt was known as a pharaoh or 'Great House', who was alleged the sun of their chief God Atum-Re (or simply Re, sometimes Ra).
		The first of the pyramids, for which ancient Egypt is famous for, was built from around 2815BC, under the reign of Djoser of the 3rd dynasty.
		During the fifth and sixth dynasties of the Old Kingdom, the Pharaohs began to loose power, and nobles became independent, leading to the first intermediate Period, when civil war broke out between rival kingdoms.
	members.aol.com /robinsash/egypt/old_kingdom.htm (570 words)

	Ancient Egypt Old Kingdom
		The political and economic system of the ancient Egypt Old Kingdom developed around the concept of a god incarnate who was believed through his magical powers to control the Nile flood for the benefit of the nation.
		Central to the ancient Egypt Old Kingdom view of kingship was the concept of maat, loosely translated as justice and truth but meaning more than legal fairness and factual accuracy.
		In the period known as the Middle Kingdom the kings of the 12th Dynasty restored central government control and a single strong kingship.
	www.travel-to-egypt.net /ancient-egypt-old-kingdom.html (646 words)

	The Canon of Proportions and Egyptian Figures from Egypt's Old Kingdom
		Up until the end of the New Kingdom's 26th Dynasty, the Ancient Egyptians used a grid that measured 18 units to the hairline, or 19 units to the top of the head.
		This separation of the crown of the skull from the rest of the body reduces the height of the figure to 18 units and provides a consistent point upon which a figure's proportions could be based.
		In the Old Kingdom a more simple canon was used, from which the later grid of 18 squares evolved.
	www.pyramidofman.com /Proportions.htm (733 words)

	CULTUREFOCUS: Ancient Egypt. Pyramids of Giza, pictures and history.
		The pyramids epitomize ancient Egypt, yet the biggest were constructed during a short span of time early in a civilization that was to last almost three millennia.
		It was this feat that heralded the short age of the gigantic stone pyramids of ancient Egypt.
		During the Old Kingdom era, kings of Egypt began to emphasize their divine associations and their people believed them to be manifestations of the god Horus.
	www.culturefocus.com /egypt_pyramids.htm (1232 words)

	Mendes find may hold clues to Old Kingdom demise
		University Park, Pa. -- The remains of 18 people apparently left as they fell during an altercation at the end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt may shed light on the last days of the Old Kingdom, according to a Penn State researcher.
		The Nile's annual discharge replenishing the fertility of fields diminished and famine was frequent, according to Redford, a faculty member in the College of the Liberal Arts.
		The remains were found at Mendes in Egypt, two hours north of Cairo in the central portion of the Nile delta and 50 miles from the coast.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-01/PS-Mfmh-2701100.php (565 words)

	Egypt: Middle Kingdom Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		2160 was the country reunified by the nomarch of Thebes and the Middle Kingdom established.
		Unlike the Old Kingdom, when only royalty could look forward to eternal life, in the Middle Kingdom all could expect life after death, if they were judged worthy.
		And in the north the foreign Hyksos (Shepherd Kings) infiltrated or invaded and established a new regime.
	www.portergaud.edu /cmcarver/egymksum.html (697 words)

	THE FUNERARY ESTABLISHMENTS OF KHUFU, KHAFRA AND MENKAURA DURING THE OLD KINGDOM (EGYPT, PYRAMIDS)
		The textual data from Giza and elsewhere supplies the names and the titles of the personnel who were members of the funerary establishments of Khuru, Khafra and Menkaura throughout the Old Kingdom.
		On the programmatic side, there developed in Dynasty 4 a specific programme valid for the rest of the Old Kingdom for the wall reliefs, statuary, objects in magazines, architectural components, as well as the personnel of the cult.
		All these elements correlate to each other in ways which indicate that the pyramid complex is a combination of a temple and palace, dedicated to the triads of Ra, Hathor and Horus, who were the principal divine forces of this period.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI8714050 (446 words)

	Egypt The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C. - Flags, Maps, Economy, ...
		Egypt The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C. - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
		Egypt The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C. http://workmall.com/wfb2001/egypt/egypt_history_the_old_kingdom_middle_kingdom_and_second_intermediate_period_2686_to_1552_bc.html
		The manors of their estates turned into miniature courts, and Egypt splintered into a number of feudal states.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/egypt/egypt_history_the_old_kingdom_middle_kingdom_and_second_intermediate_period_2686_to_1552_bc.html (706 words)

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