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Topic: Old Latin

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Classical Latin

Golden Age of Latin Literature

Latin

Late Latin

Vetus Latina

Latin language

Vulgar Latin

7th century BC

Old French

186 BC

Duenos inscription

456 BC

3rd century BC

Roman letters

Latin alphabet

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	Vulgate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vulgar Latin), and was written in an everyday Latin used in conscious distinction to the elegant Ciceronian Latin of which Jerome was a master.
		The Latin Bible used before the Vulgate and usually known as the Vetus Latina, or "Old Latin", was not translated by a single person or institution, nor even uniformly edited.
		Latin and Greek are both highly inflected languages with very flexible word-order, but the attempt to render such things as the richer array of Greek participles sometimes resulted in clumsy Latin that was preserved in the English of the King James Bible.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Vulgate (1848 words)

	Old Latin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Forum inscription is one of the oldest known Latin inscriptions.
		Old Latin or Early Latin refers to the period of Latin texts before the age of Classical Latin.
		Phonological characteristics of older Latin are the case endings -os and -om (later Latin -us and -um), as well as the existence of diphthongs such as oi and ei (later Latin ū or oe, and ī).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Latin (226 words)

	Encyclopedia: Old Latin
		The golden age of Latin literature is a period consisting roughly of the time from approxiately 75 BC to 14 AD, covering the end of the Roman Republic and the reign of Augustus Caesar.
		Vulgar Latin (in Latin, sermo vulgaris) is a blanket term covering the vernacular dialects of the Latin language spoken mostly in the western provinces of the Roman Empire until those dialects, diverging still further, evolved into the early Romance languages â€” a distinction usually assigned to about the ninth century.
		Humanist Latin is a name given to the distinctive Latin style developed by the humanist movement during the European Renaissance in the fifteenth century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Old-Latin (1078 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Church Latin
		In the present instance these words are taken to mean the Latin we find in the official textbooks of the Church (the Bible and the Liturgy), as well as in the works of those Christian writers of the West who have undertaken to expound or defend Christian beliefs.
		Hardly had it been formed when church Latin had to undergo the shock of the invasion of the barbarians and the fall of the Empire of the West; it was a shock that gave the death-blow to literary Latin as well as to the Latin of everyday speech on which church Latin was waxing strong.
		Until recently, Latin had retained its place in the Liturgy, as it was seen to point out and watch over, in the very bosom of the Church, that unity of belief in all places and throughout all times which is her birthright.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09019a.htm (3185 words)

	Articles - Old French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Latin was the common language of the western Roman world, and opened up a wider world to its speakers than Gaulish did, so it grew at the expense of Gaulish.
		This vulgar Latin began to vary strongly from the classical language in its phonology; spoken Latin, rather than the somewhat artificial literary language of classical Latin, was the ancestor of the Romance languages including Old French.
		Old French shared with the rest of the Vulgar Latin world the loss of final -M. Since this sound was basic to the Latin noun case system, its loss levelled the distinctions upon which the synthetic Latin syntax relied, and forced the Romance languages to adapt a more analytic syntax based on word order.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Old_French?mySession=8bf161694029935dae33b67b155cb49d (2083 words)

	Latin Influences on Old English
		From the extent to which Britain was Romanized, and the employment of Latin by certain elements in the population, one would expect a considerable number of Latin words from this period to have remained in use and to appear in the English language today.
		It is probable that the use of Latin as a spoken language did not long survive the end of Roman rule in the island and that such vestiges as remained for a time were lost in the disorders that accompanied the Germanic invasions.
		Instead of borrowing the Latin word praedicâre (to preach) the English expressed the idea with words of their own, such as læran (to teach) or bodian (to bring a message); to pray (L. precâre) was rendered by biddan (to ask) and other words of similar meaning, prayer by a word from the same root, gebed.
	www.orbilat.com /Influences_of_Romance/English/RIFL-English-Latin-The_Inflluences_on_Old_English.html (6649 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: Many English words have Latin roots, but what are the roots of Latin?
		Classical Latin is descended from Old Latin, in which we have a large amount of written material starting in the sixth century before Christ.
		Old Latin didn't come from nothing either, but the language it and the other Italic languages descended from (called proto-Italic) was never written down.
		Linguists have had to reconstruct this language from clues found in Old Latin and the other Italic languages that were once spoken (and written) in Italy, such as Oscan, Umbrian, Sabine, and Faliscan.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mlatinroot.html (1830 words)

	Old Latin -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Old Latin or Early Latin refers to the period of (Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) Latin texts before the age of (The language of educated people in ancient Rome) Classical Latin.
		Phonological characteristics of older Latin are the case endings -os and -om (later Latin -us and -um), as well as the existence of (A vowel sound that starts near the articulatory position for one vowel and moves toward the position for another) diphthongs such as oi and ei (later Latin ū or oe, and ī).
		Some Old Latin texts preserve /s/ in this position, such as the (Click link for more info and facts about Carmen Arvale) Carmen Arvale's lases for (Click link for more info and facts about lares) lares.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/ol/old_latin.htm (348 words)

	ipedia.com: Vetus Latina Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are some Old Latin texts that seem to have aspired to greater stature or currency; several manuscripts of Old Latin Gospels exist, containing the four canonical Gospels; the several manuscripts that contain them differ substantially from one another.
		Likewise, the various Old Latin translations reflect the various versions of the Septuagint circulating, with the African manuscripts (such as the Codex Bobiensis) preserving readings of the Western text-type, while readings in the European manuscripts are closer to the Byzantine text-type.
		Here, the Latin liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church continues the use of the Gallican psalter, which is a version of the Psalms from the Vetus Latina that was slightly revised by St Jerome before he began to prepare his Vulgate translation.
	www.ipedia.com /vetus_latina.html (754 words)

	The Origins of Old English
		In contrast, the influence of Latin on Old English cannot be overstated.
		Latin influence on Old English during the Insular period is divided into two periods: early settlement (450-600), and post-Christian (650+).
		Old English is largely known through the work of tenth and eleventh century scribes, working in the South and West of the country.
	lonestar.texas.net /~jebbo/learn-as/origins.htm (1023 words)

	Lexical Analysis of the Latin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		And while the Latin Vulgate was certainly corrupted by the Jew-influenced Jerome, the Old Latin texts produced before the time of Jerome were decent translations and were used by early, Latin-speaking Christians.
		This is because the Old Latin texts were actually translated by different men or underwent revisions so that there are at least four major Old Latin textual traditions in addition to the Vulgate.
		In the Old Latin text A, this word was translated with the Latin word nothus, which according to the Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary means: "of mixed breed, mongrel." So it is clear what text 'A' was conveying with its translation.
	www.christianseparatist.org /sixth/latin.html (833 words)

	Old Latin Version (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia)
		It is generally agreed that, as Christianity spread, the Syriac and the Latin versions were the first to be produced; and translations of the Gospels, and of other books of the Old and New Testament in Greek, were in all probability to be found in these languages before the close of the 2nd century.
		The Latin of the Greek-Latin manuscript D (Codex Bezae) is known as d, and the Latin of the translator of Irenaeus, are classed with this group.
		These Old Latin translations going back in their earliest forms to nearly the middle of the 2nd century are very early witnesses to the Greek text from which they were made.
	www.bible-researcher.com /oldlatin.html (2221 words)

	Bible Study Letters: The Old Latin
		The Catholic Church’s Latin Vulgate, based on the Alexandrian family, was used for ushering in the Dark Ages.
		The Catholic Church authorized a replacement of the "Old Latin" in 382, then in 1592 a new edition of the Latin Vulgate was made and the new became the official version of the Catholic Church.
		But it is noteworthy, various sources show the Old Latin (Itala) as being in the lineage of the 1611 King James Version, allied with the Received Text, while Jerome's Latin Vulgate is shown to be part of the Alexandrian lineage and not part of the Received Text.
	www.bright.net /~bkrajcik/itala157.htm (1982 words)

	Healey: Old English Glossaries: Creating a Vernacular
		By the end of the transitional period between Old and Middle English, when the effects of the Norman Conquest are fully reflected in the spellings and vocabulary of English manuscripts, scribes have become so adept at constructing glossaries that at least one trilingual glossary is produced.
		Henry Sweet, that astute but often irascible lexicographer of Old English, once opined that the process of translation from Latin to Old English gave rise to "a certain number of words which are contrary to the genius of the language, some of them being positive monstrosities" (Sweet 1896: viii).
		My analysis of the Old English vocabulary beginning with the letter A in the Épinal Glossary suggests that even the most restricted vocabulary, those words limited in use to the glossaries themselves, show natural patterns of word-formation, for many of the compounds found there are shaped in an intelligent manner from native elements.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /epc/chwp/healey (2998 words)

	First LATIN Bibles & KJV
		The vast majority of these Old Latin Bibles are no longer with us but were either burned by the Catholic persecutors or turned to dust with age.
		Though men like Doug Kutilek try to discount the similarity between the Old Latin readings and the King James Bible by "practically at random" selecting individual words and phrases, he is basing his conclusions on only 1 to 10% of the evidence that once existed.
		He writes: "The Old Latin Vulgate was used by the Christians in the churches of the Waldenses, Gauls, Celts, Albegenses and other fundamental groups throughout Europe.
	exorthodoxforchrist.com /333213.htm (4557 words)

	2nd Century Old Latin Vulgate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Old Latin Vulgate must not be confused with Jerome's Vulgate, which was produced over 220 years later in AD 380.
		Jerome's Vulgate (also written in Latin for the Roman Church) was rejected by the early Christians for almost a millennium.
		This Latin version became so used and beloved by orthodox Christians and was in such common use by the common people that it assumed the term 'Vulgate' as a name.
	www.angelfire.com /la/prophet1/oldlatin.html (566 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Catholic youths flock to centuries-old Latin Mass
		It was standing room only in the large Saint Antonius church in Duesseldorf, one of several venues for the Catholic youth jamboree centred in nearby Cologne, as over 300 young believers gathered on Wednesday morning for Mass in the ancient language.
		But these traditions are making a quiet comeback among a tiny minority of young Catholics who find the strict Roman rite more sacred and prayerful than the loud guitars and chatty priests they see in their local parishes.
		Although it was never banned by the Vatican, the Latin Mass has become a bone of contention among Catholics, with devotion to it often seen as so traditionalist or nostalgic that many parishes refuse to offer it.
	signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050817-1051-pope-germany-latin.html (609 words)

	Versions of the New Testament
		The Latin is from the seventh century; the interlinear is from the tenth.
		Latin side of F. Mixed Vulgate and Old Latin (Hebrews is purely Vulgate), possibly with some assimilation to the Greek text.
		The Old Church Slavonic was translated primarily for liturgical use, so it should not be surprising that lectionary manuscripts are common, and that manuscripts of the Apocalypse (which is not used in the lectionary) are rare.
	www.skypoint.com /~waltzmn/Versions.html (14315 words)

	*Y.-p-
		“water” Old Persian a:fant “abundant in water” Old Persian reduced in inlaut -Y.p- in prati:pá- “(moving) against the stream” Sanskrit half redupl.
		TP: The alternative is that the ancestor of appa was borrowed into PIE with a- and without an initial laryngeal.
		suggestion that the s- of Latin s-uper, sub, sine might not merely be one and the same morph, but that in fact thisa Latin preverb s- is identical to the IE "adverbial" final *-s.
	www.angelfire.com /rant/tgpedersen/Op.html (2025 words)

	Camping since four years old;New Latin American director for Christian Camping International brings years of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to Ted Limpic of COMIBAM (Cooperation in Missions from Latin America), Latin Americans have...
		Having moved from the Panamanian campground to an executive position in Costa Rica, Robert, who is a missionary with the Latin America Mission, says that he misses the camp setting.
		Latin America Mission works in partnership with churches and Christian agencies throughout Latin America and supports missionaries and projects in many Latin countries as well as in Spain.
	www.lam.org /view.html?id=208 (1365 words)

	Old English Pages: Electronic Text and Manuscript Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Old English prose version of Boethius, attributed to King Alfred, was available at the University of Virginia Electronic Text Center (under 'Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy'; short title Bo).
		This poetic text is available in the Labyrinth Library: Old English and in the University of Toronto English Library (with notes and translation).
		The Old English translation of the Rule of St. Benedict was available at the University of Virginia Electronic Text Center (under 'Benedict, Rule'; short title BenR).
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ballc/oe/oe-texts.html (1928 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Wheelock's Latin, 6e (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I've used Wheelock's Latin from both sides: as a disaffected student, eager to learn a language that I didn't have to -speak-, and as an instructor, in several of Indiana University's entry-level courses.
		But there are no other Latin introductory texts that strike Wheelock's perfect balance between the classical pedagogy of the 19th century and the more recent attempts to mass-market Latin to "complete idiots" and "dummies".
		The sixth edition has additional readings from primary sources in Latin above and beyond what were included in the third edition; also, the page layout and size of the book is different (and I must confess, I preferred the smaller format book to the workbook-size of the sixth edition).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060956410?v=glance (2075 words)

	MacBain's Dictionary - Section 8
		Stokes (Bk.of Lis.) has suggested that the Latin and Gadelic are cognate; though possible (qais, qis may become by umlaut ces in Gaelic), it is improbable from the stem form in n persisting in the Gaelic verb.
		The old past was chunnairc, still used in Irish as chonnairc, from con-+ dearc, q.v.
		Cf., however, Old Irish dufiurrsa, adteram, du-furr, attriveris, iúrthund, to hurt, root org as in turguin.
	www.ceantar.org /Dicts/MB2/mb08.html (3009 words)

	OUP: Old Latin Gospels: Burton
		Burton has a good knowledge of modern theories of translation, but he is admirably sceptical of their practical value and shows why he is unconvinced of their relevance to his analysis...
		Burton's mildly sceptical reworking of the idea that "Christian Latin" had some kind of distinctive unity within this whole is persuasive, and so is his re-evaluation of the techniques of St Jerome.
		This book is the first overall study of the texts and language of the Old Latin Gospels, the versions of the four Gospels that predate the Vulgate of Jerome.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-826988-9 (709 words)

	The Influence of Latin on Old English
		Latin (L) influenced the development of Old English (OE) more than any other non-West Germanic language with which OE came into contact.
		Nonetheless, scholars agree that certain constructions – whether native to OE or not - likely did find wider distribution in OE through the influence of L than would otherwise have occurred.
		Such was likely the case, for example, with the OE "dative absolute" construction as modeled on the L "ablative absolute." While this construction appears rarely in the conservative prose of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, it is ubiquitous in the highly Latinate translation of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/1001Moore.htm (774 words)

	Catholic Community Forum Discussion Groups - Catholic youths flock to centuries-old Latin Mass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some parishes are adding more latin to the celebration of the new Mass.
		After all, there is a time to mourn, and a time to dance; and perhaps we should heed the complaint of those children in the marketplace: "we have piped unto you, and you have not danced" (e.g.
		Modernity is worse than a rejection of the past; it is a defiant avoidance of that which comes next, probably the first school of discourse to cancel tomorrow as a thing as vapid as part of yesterday" (page 9).
	stmark.catholic-forum.com /forums/printthread.php?t=2853 (937 words)

	New York Daily News - Entertainment - Robert Dominguez's Que Pasa?: Fusing old & new Latin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But "Latin Heat" - a journey through the history of Latin music and dance - doesn't stop at traditional Afro-Caribbean, mambo, salsa and merengue numbers.
		"Latin Heat," which opened last night at Hudson Guild Theater in Manhattan and runs through Mar. 2, is presented by Amas Musical Theatre.
		It's the same company that was behind "4 Guys Named Jose...and Una Mujer Named Maria!," the hit Latin-music revue of two years ago.
	www.nydailynews.com /entertainment/story/60961p-56988c.html (270 words)

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