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Topic: Old Norse

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	Old Norse language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Old Norse, the language of the Vikings, is a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles.
		The modern language most closely related to Old Norse is Icelandic, the written form of which has changed little over the years, while the spoken form has undergone significant changes.
		Between 800 and 1050 AD a division began to appear between East Norse, which developed into Swedish and Danish, and West Norse, which developed into Norwegian, Faroese, Icelandic and Norn, an extinct language once spoken in Shetland, Orkney, and northern parts of Scotland.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/oldnorse.htm (237 words)

	Yorkshire dialect words of Old Norse origin
		Firstly, the Old Norse and Old English spoken languages were closely related, sharing the same Germanic origin.
		The word beck is a case in point: did it arrive from the Old Norse bekkr or the Old English cognate bæce, both of which undoubtedly had the same Germanic origin, with the cognate bach being found in German, and beek in Dutch, for instance.
		Old Norse influenced all varieties of English (though its effects on the regional dialects of 'Scandinavian' England were obviously deeper and more extensive.
	www.viking.no /e/england/e-yorkshire_words.htm (0 words)

	Verbix -- Germanic languages: conjugate Old Norse verbs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Old Norse is classical North Germanic language used from roughly 1150 to 1350.
		Old Norse is the literary language of the Icelandic sagas, skaldic poems, and Eddas.
		Old Norse is the parent language of the three modern languages, Icelandic, Faroese, and Norwegian, and one extinct language called Norn.
	www.verbix.com /languages/oldnorse.shtml (107 words)

	Norse - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		Norse is a severely guttural language, spoken mainly in the offices of dentists and orthodontists.
		Old Norse dates back to at least ten years ago, when Viking bereserkers, in the heat of battle, would engage in witty banter with their opponents as they slaughtered them.
		Old Norse evolved from the practice of a defeated enemy trying to carry on this banter even after they had a sword jammed into their throat.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Norse (1049 words)

	Old Norse language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is the approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century.
		Old Norse is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300.
		The earliest inscriptions in Old Norse are runic, from the 8th century (although there are 200 inscriptions in Proto-Norse going as far back as the 2nd century), and runes continued to be used for a thousand years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Norse_language (2729 words)

	Old Norse orthography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The orthography of the Old Norse language since the introduction of the Latin alphabet in Iceland is a thorny subject.
		In particular the names of Old Norse mythological characters often seem to have several different spellings.
		For the convenience of English writers and readers the Old Norse characters not used in English are commonly replaced with English ones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Norse_orthography (534 words)

	Hurstwic: Norse Literature
		Old Norse is one of ten branches that make up the Indo-European family of languages which have been spoken throughout Europe and southern Asia for the last 3000 years.
		Old Norse is the root language from which the modern Scandinavian languages descended, and is a close relative of modern English, Dutch, and German.
		Norse poetry does not have the regular rhythm and end-rhyme that one conventionally associates with poetry, but rather uses alliteration and irregular stress which falls on the most significant words in each line.
	www.hurstwic.org /history/articles/literature/text/literature.htm (4162 words)

	Saga in Old Norse Literature: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		in Old Norse literature, especially Icelandic and Norwegian, narrative in prose or verse, centering on a legendary or historical figure or family.
		The Giantess as Foster-Mother in Old Norse Literature
		SAGA, in Old Norse Literature in Old Norse literature, especially...narrative in prose or...aim of the saga, although...translated in Earthly...Icelandic Literature (1957...Icelandic Saga (tr.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/saga-in-old-norse-literature.jsp?l=S&p=1 (1548 words)

	Old Norse literature on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The bulk of medieval Norse literature, and the most readable today, survives in the form of sagas, that is, prose narratives, sometimes interspersed with verse, which relate the lives of legendary or historical figures with objectivity and skillful characterization and which reflect the old Icelandic devotion to personal honor and family.
		The lethal shot of a blind man in Old Norse myth and Jewish exegetical traditions.(Beowulf)(Critical Essay)
		Norse mythology and the lives of the saints.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/O/OldN1orse.asp (841 words)

	AllRefer.com - Old Norse literature (Scandinavian Literature) - Encyclopedia
		Old Norse literature, the literature of the Northmen, or Norsemen, c.850–c.1350.
		Intricate metrical schemes are meticulously observed, and diction is polished to the point of preciousness, especially in the incessant use of the kenning (a metaphoric substituted phrase, e.g., "ship-road" for "sea"), found also in Anglo-Saxon literature.
		The bulk of medieval Norse literature, and the most readable today, survives in the form of sagas, that is, prose narratives, sometimes interspersed with verse, which relate the lives of legendary or historical figures with objectivity and skillful characterization and which reflect the old Icelandic devotion to personal honor and family.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/OldNorse.html (668 words)

	Norse mythology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norse or Scandinavian mythology refers to the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, including those who settled on Iceland, where the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled.
		This priestly role of the king was in line with the general role of godi, who was the head of a kindred group of families (for this social structure, see norse clans), and who administered the sacrifices.
		Norse mythology also influenced Richard Wagner's use of literary themes from it to compose the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norse_mythology (4435 words)

	§3. "Beowulf:" Scandinavian Traditions; Personality of the Hero; Origin and Antiquity of the Poem; the Religious ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In his old age the land of the Geatas is ravaged and his own home destroyed by a firespitting dragon which, after brooding for three hundred years over the treasure of men long since dead, has had its lair robbed by a runaway slave.
		Even the story of the old warrior who incites Ingeld to revenge is given also by Saxo; indeed, the speaker (Starcatherus) is one of the most prominent figures in his history.
		Again, the Swedish prince Eadgils, the son of Ohthere, is certainly identical with the famous king of the Svear, A[char]ils, the son of Òttarr, and his conflict with Onela corresponds to the battle on lake Vener between A[char]ils and Àli.
	www.bartleby.com /211/0303.html (3903 words)

	Rob's Old Norse Page
		Old Norse is the language spoken and written by the inhabitants of Scandinavia around 1000 A.D. and earlier.
		Old English was primarily a spoken language although it did have a written component; runic inscriptions, or runes.
		You should study Old Norse because it is your best source of information in understanding how early Germanic people thought, what their world was like, and what was important to them, and it is your best source for understanding the early history of all Germanic languages, including German, English, and the Scandinavian languages.
	odin.bio.miami.edu /norse (0 words)

	Old Scandinavian (Old Norse) language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ancestor of all modern Scandinavian languages, Old Scandinavian was a branch of the Common Germanic language spoken by those who migrated north from Central Europe, to the Jutland peninsula and southern Scandinavia.
		In the 9th language Old Norse speakers began their migrations through the whole Europe, started to be called Vikings, and therefore the language dialect varieties grew stronger until two separate languages appeared: Western Scandinavian, the ancestor of Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese, and Eastern Scandinavian, the father-tongue of Danish and Swedish.
		Many Old Norse words were borrowed by English, Scots, nad even Russian, due to vast scales of Viking migrations in the Middle Ages.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/norse.html (179 words)

	Behind the Name: Scandinavian Names
		From the Old Norse name Ingigerðr, which was derived from the name of the Norse god ING combined with garðr meaning "enclosure".
		From the Old Norse name Ingólfr, which was derived from the name of the Norse god ING combined with úlfr meaning "wolf".
		From the Old Norse name Ingvarr, which was derived from the name of the Norse god ING combined with arr meaning "warrior".
	www.behindthename.com /nmc/sca.php (0 words)

	Orkneyjar - Norn, the language of Orkney
		Originally carried to the Northern Isles by Norwegian settlers in the 8th and 9th centuries AD, their language, Old Norse, gradually developed into the distinctive language we now refer to as Norn.
		The sheer scale of the Norse settlement of Orkney saw their language obliterate whatever indigenous language was spoken in Orkney.
		The Norse settled the isles from the 8th century AD onwards and brought with them their own language, Old Norse, which supplanted the Pictish language.
	www.orkneyjar.com /orkney/norn.htm (0 words)

	Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Old Norse Names
		If one or more of the grandparents were dead the old belief would practically decree it and filial love would perpetuate the practice after the belief no longer existed in its old form.
		The basic Old Norse name was usually composed of two name elements, although some names had only one element.
		In Old Norse, the possessive is indicated by a change in the ending of the word.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /ONNames.shtml (0 words)

	Behind the Name: Icelandic Names
		Derived from the Old Norse elements ey "island" and dís "goddess".
		Derived from the Old Norse elements ey "island" and steinn "stone".
		Old Norse form of HÅKON, as well as the modern Icelandic form.
	www.behindthename.com /nmc/ice.html (0 words)

	Old Norse literature — Infoplease.com
		Old Norse literature, the literature of the Northmen, or Norsemen, c.850–c.1350.
		Norse - Norse Norse, another name for the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily...
		The giantess as foster-mother in old Norse Literature.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/ent/A0836543.html (0 words)

	GR Burgess's Old Norse Page
		(Not Finnish though, this language is related to Hungarian and Korean.) Old Norse is no longer spoken by groups of people, so it is considered a 'dead language'.
		It does have an extensive literature, much was written in Old Norse, in Iceland in the 1200's or there about.
		If you're interested in learning Icelandic alongside Old Norse (as I am trying to do), see Learning Icelandic - Tips and Links for a lot more detail.
	rhino.cox.miami.edu /norse (0 words)

	languagehat.com: OLD NORSE FOR BEGINNERS.
		Along with the lessons he has sections on pronunciation (standard and alternative), runes, links, and other related matters, not to mention a few Old Norse cartoons.
		The term Old Norse refers to the language spoken in Scandinavia and Scandinavian settlements from about 800 to about 1350.
		The term 'Old Norse' is sometimes used to mean specifically what we here call 'West Norse' or what we here call 'Old Icelandic'.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000976.php (519 words)

	Old Norse Travel Phrases (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Old Norse was used by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age (793-1066 CE) and up to 1300 CE or so.
		The term "Old Norse" refers to a group of languages/dialects: Old Icelandic, Old Norwegion, Old Swedish, Old Danish, and Old Gotlandic.
		It is often used as a synonym for Old Icelandic because most surviving Old Norse literature was written in Iceland.
	www.travelphrases.info /languages/oldnorse.htm (91 words)

	Norse Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Norse mythology, Scandinavian mythology, Viking mythology; all refer to the pre-Christian religion of the Norwegian, Swedish, Icelandic, and Danish peoples.
		A few books group Finnish mythology in with the Norse but the old beliefs of Finland form a separate tradition although there are some interesting parallels.
		The Norse mythological system as we currently have it comes down to us mainly from the Icelandic Eddas and sagas which were written down a few centuries after the christianization of the north.
	www.ugcs.caltech.edu /~cherryne/mythology.html (324 words)

	Learning Old Norse
		This is the "Bible" of Old Norse used in many university courses.
		The early part of the book is a series of extracts in Old Norse followed by a rather full but terse grammar.
		While modern Icelandic is not the same as Old Icelandic/Old Norse (for purposes here I am not distinguishing the two), it is still close enough that if you start with modern Icelandic it i fairly easy to convert over to the medieval forms.
	has55.www9.50megs.com /OldIcel/LearningOldNorse.html (1169 words)

	The Norse (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Study of Old Norse texts is especially informative about early Germanic culture because the Scandinavians were converted to Christianity much later than the East and West Germanic peoples (around 1000 CE).
		Norse mythology could be used as ornamental material in Scandinavian poetry without offense, much as pagan Greek and Roman mythology was used by the deeply religious John Milton to ornament his Christian epic, Paradise Lost.
		The Icelandic language has changed so little since Old Norse times that it is easier for a present-day Icelander to read ancient sagas than for the average American to read Shakespeare.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Medieval_Studies/norse.html (849 words)

	norse
		Although the fit is not an exact one, it is probably true that these three deities most concretely symbolized the various aspects of Norse life and culture and most people would have found a God who represented their life-experience in one of these three deities.
		Later Norse culture was very bound up with the vikings and it is likely that the Goddesses were deemphasized at this point.
		However, the old Norse had a much different idea of the place of women and of marriage in general.
	www.florid.org /norse.htm (1912 words)

	OLD NORSE POETRY
		Since the stress is almost exclusivly on the first syllable in old norse it is not a problem there, but in other langauges it is important to think of this.
		he stress is always on the first syllable of a word in old norse, but in a sentence stress is put only on some words.
		In old norse poetry, though, lines were ordered into verses like the ones above, and each verse like this one contained one sentence.
	hem.passagen.se /peter9/gram/l_dikt.html (1691 words)

	Etymology Hodgepodge
		Sky, which in Old Norse, means cloud, came into English in the Middle English (1100-1400) period, replacing the Old English or Anglo-saxon (600-1100) word sceo meaning cloud.
		Skirt is Middle English from Old Norse skyrta meaning a shirt or kirtle, which was a tunic or coat worn especially by men in the Middles Ages.
		It is kin to, or in dictionary phraseology, akin to Old Norse skip, but not derived from it.
	www.angelfire.com /tn/etymology (333 words)

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