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Topic: Old Novgorod dialect

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Ukrainian language
		According to this view, Old East Slavic diverged into Byelorusian and Ukrainian to the west (collectively, the Ruthenian language of the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries), and Old Russian to the north-east, after the political boundaries of Kievan Rusâ were redrawn in the fourteenth century.
		One vehicle of this divergence (or widening divergence) was the large scale appropriation of the Old Slavonic language in the northern reaches of Rus' and of the Polish language at the territory of modern Ukraine.
		Pokuttia (Bukovynian) is spoken in the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Ukrainian_language (7035 words)

	ooBdoo
		Novgorod remained the third largest Russian city, however, until Ivan the Terrible sacked the city and slaughtered thousands of its inhabitants in 1570.
		In 1727, Novgorod was made an administrative centre of the Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire, which was detached from Saint Petersburg Governorate (see Administrative divisions of Russia in 1727-1728).
		Novgorod kremlin, traditionally known as Detinets, also contains the oldest palace in Russia (the so-called Chamber of the Facets, 1433), the oldest Russian bell tower (mid-15th cent.), and the oldest Russian clock tower (1673).
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Novgorod (1918 words)

	Russian (spelling) Encyclopedia Article @ Declaring.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the twentieth century it was widely taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR.
		Dialectal differentiation accelerated after the breakup of Kievan Rus' in approximately 1100, and the Mongol conquest of the thirteenth century.
		After the disestablishment of the "Tartar yoke" in the late fourteenth century, both the political centre and the predominant dialect in European Russia came to be based in Moscow.
	www.declaring.net /encyclopedia/Russian_(spelling) (3528 words)

	Belarusian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The North-Eastern and the South-Western dialects are separated by the highly conventional imaginary line Ashmyany – Minsk – Babruysk – Homyel, with the areal of the Middle Belarusian dialect group to be placed on and along this line.
		That the (Old) Belarusian language was the direct evolvement from the Proto-Slavonic phase, with the earlier material evidences of this dated early 13th century.
		The trend of including the Old Belarusian language features into the Old Church Slavonic (clerical) texts is dating back to at least the end 15th cent., e.g., in the «Chetya», copied by Byarozka of Navahradak (1489).
	www.tocatch.info /en/Belorusian_language.htm (5846 words)

	East Slavic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When the common Old East Slavic language became separated from the ancient Slavic tongue common to all Slavs is difficult to ascertain (6th–11th century).
		Although most ancient texts betray the dialect their author(s) and/or scribe(s) spoke, it is also clearly visible that they tried to write in a language different from their dialects and to avoid those mistakes that enable us nowadays to locate them.
		The first divergence among the Old East Slavic texts is evident during the 12th century, during the era of Kievan Rus', i.e.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-East_Slavic_languages (1144 words)

	South Slavic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Slovenians basically speak the same dialect, codified as Slovenian language, Croats speak three main and two exclaval dialects in four countries, while their standard language is based on Å tokavian Ijekavian.
		The so-called Molise Slavic language is a dialect spoken in three villages of the Italian region of Molise by the descendants of South Slavs who migrated there from the eastern Adriatic coast in the 15th century.
		This dialect is spoken primarily in the federal state of Burgenland in Austria, but also in nearby areas in Vienna, Slovakia, and Hungary by descendants of Croats who migrated there in the 16th century.
	enc.qba73.com /link-South_Slavic_languages (2046 words)

	Old Church Slavonic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian, Old Macedonian, and Old Slavic) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki (Solun) by the 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius.
		Old Church Slavonic is valuable to historical linguists since it preserves archaic features believed to have once been common to all Slavic languages.
		Some of the significant later recensions of Old Church Slavonic (referred to as Church Slavic) in the present time are: Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian.
	www.qq818.info /en/Old_Church_Slavonic.htm (1951 words)

	Ukrainian Language Encyclopedia Article @ Imprisonment.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Some researchers, while admitting the differences between the dialects spoken by East Slavic tribes in the 10th and 11th centuries, still consider them as "regional manifestations of a common language" (see, for instance, the article by Vasyl Nimchuk).
		As evidenced by the contemporary chronicles, the ruling princes of Halych and Kiev called themselves "Rus'kie lyudi", which contrasts sharply with the lack of ethnic self-appellation for the area until the mid-nineteenth century.
		In addition, the dialects spoken in Cherkasy, Poltava and Kiev regions are considered to be close to "standard" Ukrainian.
	www.imprisonment.org /encyclopedia/Ukrainian_language (7046 words)

	Czech Language Encyclopedia Article @ Befell.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The third major dialect - Teshen Silesian - is spoken in Silesia, centered around the city Ostrava.
		This dialect, too, is grammatically sound and closer to Standard Czech, but in this dialect people speak very quickly, and the long vowels become the same as their short counterparts.
		Václav Machek in his "Etymologický slovník jazyka českého", 1997, ISBN 80-7106-242-1, p.8, who speaks about a "Moravian-Slovak" dialect from the region of Moravian "Slovácko") to be actually dialects of the Slovak language, which has its roots in the Moravian empire when Slovaks and Moravians were one nation (without Czechs) with one language.
	www.befell.org /encyclopedia/Czech_language (2682 words)

	Slavic Language Encyclopedia Article @ Interpreted.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The oldest Slavic literary language was Old Church Slavonic, of which Church Slavonic is a later redaction.
		East Slavic is generally thought to converge to one Old Russian language, which existed until at least the twelfth century.
		Church Slavonic language, derived from Old Church Slavonic, but with significant replacement of the original vocabulary by forms from the Old Russian language and other regional forms.
	www.interpreted.org /encyclopedia/Slavic_language (2405 words)

	Birch bark document - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although their existence was mentioned in some old East Slavic manuscripts, the discovery of birch bark documents (Russian: берестяна́я гра́мота, berestyanáya grámota) significantly changed the understanding of the cultural level and language spoken by the East Slavs between 11th and 15th centuries.
		The document numbered 292 from the Novgorod excavations (unearthed in 1957) is the oldest known document in any Finnic language.
		The language used in the document is thought to be an archaic form of the language spoken in Olonets Karelia, a dialect of the Karelian language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Birch_bark_document (493 words)

	Informat.io on Velikiy Novgorod
		Velikiy Novgorod (Russian: Вели́кий Но́вгород) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia, situated on the M10(E95) federal highway connecting Moscow and St.
		Novgorod is the most ancient Slavic city recorded in Russia.
		Novgorod has connections to Moscow (531 km) and St. Petersburg (189 km) by the federal highway M10 (E95).
	www.informat.io /?title=velikiy-novgorod (1540 words)

	Ukrainian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to this view, Old East Slavic diverged into Belarusian and Ukrainian to the west (collectively, the Ruthenian language of the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries), and Old Russian to the north-east, after the political boundaries of Kievan Rus’ were redrawn in the fourteenth century.
		The Ukrainian language was formed by mixing and convergence of tribal dialects mostly due to intensive migration of the population within the territory of today's Ukraine in the later historical periods.
		Considered to be the main Galician dialect, spoken in the Lviv Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblasts.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Ukrainian_Language (6689 words)

	Croatian_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Croatian is based on the Ijekavian pronunciation of Å tokavian dialect (with some influence from Äakavian and Kajkavian) and written with the Croatian alphabet.
		They "chose" Å¡tokavian dialect because they didn't have any other realistic optionâ”Å¡tokavian, or, more precisely, neoÅ¡tokavian (a version of Å¡tokavian which emerged in the 15th/16th century) was the major Croatian literary tongue from 1700s on.
		The 19th century linguists and lexicographers' main concern was to achieve a more consistent and unified scriptory norm and orthography; an effort followed by peculiar Croatian linguistic characteristics which may be humorously described as "passion for neologisms" or vigorous word coinage, originating from the purist nature of Croatian literary language.
	www.school-explorer.com /Croatian (3452 words)

	Novgorod: nizhniy novgorod, nizhny novgorod russia, novgorod russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Novgorod nizhniy novgorod, nizhny novgorod russia, novgorod russia
		In the village of Vitoslavlitsy, on the road from Novgorod to the Yuriev Monastery, a museum of ancient wooden art was established.
		Many wooden churches, houses and mills, some of the dating to the 14th century, were transported there from all around the Novgorod region.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Novgorod (1900 words)

	Random articles about Russia/Russian Language
		The 11th-century Novgorodian children were literate enough to send each other birch-bark letters written in the Old Novgorod dialect.
		Up to the 14th century, ancestors of the modern Russians (who likewise called themselves ruskie) spoke dialects of a language, usually termed Old Russian but actually common to all the Eastern Slavs.
		During the pre-Kievan period, the main sources of borrowings were Germanic languages, particularly Gothic and Old Norse.
	www.phrasebase.com /forum/read.php?TID=15799 (418 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information
		This book offers a synchronic description of the dialect of a village in the western part of the Pskov oblast (north-western Russia).
		The dialects spoken there have long since attracted the interest of linguists.
		This is mainly due to features of the Old Novgorod dialect preserved in that area, such as the absence of the Second Palatalisation and cokan'e, i.e.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=1864 (180 words)

	Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Birnbaum, H. Reflections on the Language of Medieval Novgorod.
		Mendoza, I. [On Noun Determination in Old East Slavic (Pronouns in the Birchbark Texts)].
		Vermeer, W. The Rise of the North Russian Dialect of Common Slavic.
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/slav/nwrussia/eng/Biblio/bb-biblio.htm (1101 words)

	CiteULike: Russian Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Dynamics of Old Russian Numerals: The Teens `11'-`19'
		The Semantics of the Old Russian Colloquial Lexicon
		The Lexicon of the "Tetralogy" from the Novgorod Codex
	www.citeulike.org /journal/klu-russ (509 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.820: Russian Linguistics/Dialectology
		(The dialect of Ostrovcy in the Pskov oblast.) Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA 2001.
		- This book offers a synchronic description of the dialect of a village in the western part of the Pskov oblast (north-western Russia).
		Perfect and pluperfect 10 Dialect texts, followed by Lexicon.
	linguistlist.org /issues/12/12-820.html (252 words)

	UCLA Slavic Languages & Literatures: Faculty - Henning Andersen
		Future and Future Perfect in the Old Novgorod Dialect
		“On the Late Common Slavic dialect correspondences Kl—Tl—l”.
		Reconstructing prehistorical dialects: Initial vowels in Slavic and Baltic (Trends in Linguistics.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/slavic/faculty/andersen_h.html (1076 words)

	Abstracts
		Cokan’e and the Velar Palatalizations in the Old Novgorod Dialect
		Morphosyntactic Evidence for the Early Development of Animacy in Novgorod
		The Position of Tense in the Old Church Slavonic Clause
	www.indiana.edu /~sls2006/page2/page2.html (638 words)

	UofC Slavic Department: Birchbark Letter photographs
		In conjunction with our continuing interest in the birchbark letters and the Old Novgorod Dialect, the UofC Slavic Department is offering high-resolution photos, digitally enhanced for clarity, of some of the documents and other items from the Novgorod National Museum.
		These photos were taken by PhD student Quinn Anya Carey in August 2005 and 2006, and are available copyright-free for any not-for-profit use or distribution.
		Mother of God, joy to all who mourn, 1823
	humanities.uchicago.edu /depts/slavic/bblphotos.html (110 words)

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