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	Jacobite Rising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A year later they were forced to agree to a truce while the Clan chieftains sent requests to the exiled James VII and II for permission to submit to William, and in January 1692 the Jacobite Clans formally surrendered to the government.
		From France, as part of widespread Jacobite plotting, James Stuart, the Old Pretender, had been corresponding with the Earl of Mar and in the summer of 1715 called on him to raise the Clans.
		Belatedly, on December 22nd 1715 a ship from France brought the Old Pretender to Peterhead, but he was too consumed by melancholy and fits of fever to inspire his followers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jacobite_Rising (3511 words)

	The history of Scotland - The Two Pretenders - The Old Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie,The Young Pretender
		The Two Pretenders of the title were James Edward Stuart, known as the Old Pretender, and his son Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender.
		The Old Pretender was James Edward, the son of James II of England and his second wife Mary of Modena.
		In 1715 his son, James Edward, soon to be called the Old Pretender, attempted to supplant King George I on the throne, again with the aid of the French.
	www.historic-uk.com /HistoryUK/Scotland-History/TwoPretenders.htm (701 words)

	Heirs of the Norfolk Trotter and the Yorkshire Coach Horse
		Pretender was a Chestnut foaled in 1771, by Marske, the sire of Eclipse; his dam by Bajazet, the son of the Godolphin Arabian'.
		Pretender was got by Jinkinson's Old Pretender, he was first called Fireaway; was a celebrated roadster and trotter; he won many trotting matches on the flat country of Norfolk and Lincolnshire fens, at the rate of sixteen miles an hour.
		Old photographs show that Kaare was very different from other sons of the heavy Dale-Gudbrand and it is most likely that he is a son of Galde and traces back in the male line to the Thoroughbred Odin.
	www.highflyer.supanet.com /investigation4.htm (5571 words)

	A masonic book on-line: HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY by Albert G. Mackey. P-S Review of Freemasonry
		The history of the family of Stuart, from the accession of James I. to the throne of England to the death of the last of his descendants, the young Pretender, is a narrative of follies and sometimes of crimes.
		This son was the Old Pretender, or the Chevalier St. George, who after the death of his father assumed the empty title of James Ill., and whose son, the Young Pretender, was one of the pupils of the Chevalier Ramsay.
		But his son Charles Edward, the Young Pretender as he was called, was of an ardent temperament; an active genius, a fair amount of talent, and a spirit of enterprise which well fitted him to accept the place assigned him by Ramsay.
	www.freemasons-freemasonry.com /mackeyph08.html (11844 words)

	[No title]
		He was thirty years old, the most brilliant of the rising statesmen; impatient of Harley as a leader and of Walpole as his younger rival from the other side, both of them men who, in his eyes, were dull and slow.
		He pretended to have discovered intrigues which were set on foot against him, and particularly he complained of the advantage which was taken of his absence during the journey he made at his son's marriage to undermine him with the Queen.
		Whilst the Pretender continued in France they could neither avow him, nor favour his cause: if he once set his foot on Scotch ground, they gave hopes of indirect assistance; and if he could maintain himself in any corner of the island, they could look upon him, it was said, as a king.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/ltww10.txt (16910 words)

	The Jacobite Revolution Pt. 3 - The '15 and the '45 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The "Old Pretender", King James III, was not even aware of the situation as of yet.
		Meanwhile another Jacobite army was forming to the south, The Old Pretender hearing the news began to make preparations for his trip to Scotland and his crowning.
		The Polish bride of the Old Pretender quickly gave James III two sons: the eldest, Prince Charles, was born in Italy somewhat prophetically on the last day of the year 1720.
	www.tartans.com /articles/jacobite3.html (875 words)

	June 10th
		The 'Old Pretender,' as James at length came to be called, died at the beginning of 1766.
		Old Tom Hearne, as he is fondly and familiarly termed by many even at the present day—though in reality he never came to be an old man—was an eminent antiquary, collector, and editor of ancient books and manuscripts.
		This old mansion, memorable as the object of frequent contests in the civil wars, was finally surrendered to the Parliament on the 10
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/june/10.htm (3197 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		He realized his position and considered the better of two evils to be the Whigs (the other alternative was the Catholic son of James II by Mary of Modena, James Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender).
		The English population was unkind to the two mistresses, labeling the tall, thin Ehrengard Melusina von Schulenberg as the "maypole", and the short, fat Charlotte Sophia Kielmansegge as the "elephant".
		The Old Pretender failed to arrive in Britain until it was over and French backing evaporated with the death of Louis XIV.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon53.html (845 words)

	The Jacobites
		Jacobitism had its strongest base in Scotland because of the Highland clans' historical loyalty to the House of Stewart and a general hatred of both the 1707 Union of the Parliaments and the new Hanoverian monarchy.
		A French-backed scheme in 1708 to land The Old Pretender at Burntisland and rally support at Stirling collapsed when the French naval commander was scared off by English warships in the Forth and fled back to the Continent without landing his royal cargo.
		By the time The Old Pretender landed in Peterhead in December, the revolt was over and he left for Rome six weeks later, never to return.
	www.visitscotland.com /aboutscotland/history/Jacobites?view=Standard (528 words)

	Low Ebb
		The trickster claimed to have a plant 'of the same nature' and charged people a penny each to see it open early on the morning of the old Christmas Day, thus confirming their prejudiced view that the old calendar was correct.
		The Rector wrote that, as soon as old Mrs Eyston was dead, all the Catholics of the village were summoned together and went to the chapel at Hendred House to celebrate Mass for her soul.
		At Sandford, for example, the only Catholics were the old wife of a labourer and her two daughters, while at Shirburn there were just a middle-aged farmer, his four offspring and an elderly widow.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~hadland/tvp/tvp21.htm (5345 words)

	jacobite rebellion, treaty of union, old pretender
		The Old Pretender, as he was called by Hanoverians, made three unsuccessful attempts to regain his throne.
		The Old Pretender escaped to France, leaving the Highlanders to fend for themselves.
		Exiled in Rome, the Old Pretender's son, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, was a brave young man with a great deal of charm and magnetism.
	www.goscotland.info /sections?Section_Id=4&Page_Id=32 (582 words)

	JACOBITES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In British history the name is applied especially to the son and grandson of the exiled James II (1633-1701).
		The French king Louis XIV proclaimed the 13-year-old son, James Stuart (1688-1766), "James III, king of England and Scotland." James failed in an attempt to invade Scotland in 1708 and failed again in 1715.
		He is called the Pretender or the Old Pretender.
	absolombrown.com /jacobites.htm (209 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Pretender. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Charles Edward Stuart, son of the “Old Pretender.” (1720–1788.)
		s, in the time of Camby’ses, King of Persia, pretended to be Smerdis; but one of his wives felt his head while he was asleep, and discovered that he had no ears.
		Otrefief, a monk, pretended to be Demetrius, younger son of Czar Ivan Basilowitz II., murdered by Boris in 1598.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/81/13613.html (148 words)

	davedevine : Scotland : Anne-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However two years later the Scots declared that they were free to choose the exiled Jacobite (Roman Christian) claimant, James-7(2E)'s son, the Old Pretender, Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, on the grounds of primogeniture.
		In 1714 Queen Anne-1 became very ill. Sophia of Bohemia had died only a few weeks previously, and the true heir to the throne was the Old Pretender, Prince James Francis Edward Stuart.
		However, the Old Pretender, Prince James Francis Edward Stuart was a Roman Christian and was strongly opposed by the Whigs.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /devine/facts/s1714anne.htm (687 words)

	Jacobitism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An abortive campaign sponsored by the French in 1708 was thwarted by the Royal Navy which prevented the French navy from landing the Old Pretender, James VIII and III.
		The third campaign, which was in support of the Old Pretender, took place in 1715 but was short-lived.
		The last Stuart pretender to the throne was the self-styled Henry IX, younger brother of Charles Edward.
	usapedia.com /j/jacobitism.html (820 words)

	CHARLES EDWARD - LoveToKnow Article on CHARLES EDWARD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		sympathy which Cardinal Tencin, who had succeeded Fleury as French minister, felt for the Old Pretender resulted in a definite scheme for an invasion of England to be timed simultaneously with a prearranged Scottish rebellion.
		Charlotte Stuart, who was declared legitimate and created duchess of Albany, tended her father for the remaining years of his life, during which she contrived to reconcile the two Stuart brothers, so that in 1785 Charles returned to Rome, where he died in the old Palazzo Muti on the 30th of January 1788.
		He was buried in his brothers cathedral church at Frascati, but in 1807 his remains were removed to the Grotte Vaticanc of St Peters.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHARLES_EDWARD.htm (1782 words)

	scottish heritage - genealogy scotland - clans - scottish associations - historical attractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Scots immediately suspected that the union between the two countries was more of a takeover than a merger, and that they were ending up as the losers.
		If the new Stewart heir, who would have been James VIII and III, had been well organised, he could have seized his chance when William died as - despite the fact James was only 14 - his claim to be the legitimate monarch might have been accepted.
		That, in effect, meant it was a huge psychological victory for him, and a defeat for the Jacobites.
	www.scotlandonline.com /heritage/heritage_period.cfm?tl_id=1&id=29 (1484 words)

	Review of The Escape of the Princess Clementina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The tale is set in 1718, three years after the Old Pretender's unsuccessful attempt in the Jacobite Rebellion to succeed to the British throne after the death of Queen Anne.
		The atmosphere and pace of the narrative can change quickly but subtly from the patient diplomacy needed to secure allies for the Old Pretender, to the decisive, split-second actions to effect the escape from the castle, the anxious waits on the journey, dismay when something went wrong and relief at the end.
		The Old Pretender remains a shadowy and passive figure in the background.
	www.johnbuchansociety.co.uk /nfic/eotpc.htm (475 words)

	Scotland : The Jacobites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although the revolt was initially promising because of the many Scottish adherents who crossed religious lines to rally to the cause, the Jacobite forces were crushed at the Battle of Culloden, near Inverness, by a larger English army led by the duke of Cumberland.
		Many supporters of the Pretender's cause were killed in battle, some were executed, and others fled to the United States and other safe havens.
		The Young Pretender himself was smuggled unglamorously out of Scotland, assisted by Flora MacDonald, a resident of the obscure Hebridean island of South Uist.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=238&catID=0238031132 (300 words)

	Chapter Prestige <i>to</i> Primrose of P by Brewer's Phrase & Fable
		Tanyoxarkes, in the time of Cambyses, King of Persia, pretended to be Smerdis; but one of his wives felt his head while he was asleep, and discovered that he had no ears.
		Otrefief, a monk, pretended to be Demetrius, younger son of Czar Ivan Basilowitz II., murdered by Boris in 1598.
		From the Latin prætexta, a dress embroidered in the front worn by the Roman magistrates, priests, and children of the aristocracy between the age of thirteen and seventeen.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/255/1181/23752/1.html (545 words)

	AllRefer.com - Old Pretender (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Old Pretender (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Topics that might be of interest to you:
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Old Pretender
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-OldPrete.html (116 words)

	TIMEWARP 1701-25
		After George I became King, adherents of James, the Old Pretender rose up and were defeated at Sherrifmuir, where Clanranald Macdonald (XIV), who went to fight for the Catholic cause, lost his life.
		The rising was badly organised and the Earl of Mar and his Highlanders was checked at Sherrifmuir on the same day that the insurgents had capitulated at Preston in Lancashire.
		Six weeks later the "Old Pretender" landed at Peterhead to find the rising practically over and had to get back to France as best he could.
	www.moidart.org.uk /timewarp/mtw08.htm (1194 words)

	Royalty.nu - Stuart Royal History - Bonnie Prince Charlie and Flora MacDonald
		Charles Edward Stuart, called the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie, was born in Rome in 1720.
		He was the grandson of deposed king James II of England (who was also King James VII of Scotland) and the son of the "Old Pretender," James Stuart, who had twice tried unsuccessfully to invade Scotland in order to seize the British throne.
		The Stuart Court in Rome: The Legacy of Exile edited by Edward T. Corp. This collection of essays examines the Stuart court in Rome as a centre of cultural patronage, the financial vicissitudes of Bonnie Prince Charlie's father (the Old Pretender), and the influence of Hanoverian agents.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Charlie.html (1096 words)

	[No title]
		A Jacobite was a supporter of the House of Stuart after the deposition of James II in 1688.
		They included Scottish Highlanders who rose unsuccessfully under Claverhouse in 1689 and those in Scotland and Northern England who rose under the leadership of James Francis Edward Stuart the Old Pretender, in 1715.
		The Jacobites followed the Old Pretender's son, Charles Edward Stuart, in an invasion of England that got as far as Derby in 1745-46.
	www.explore.parliament.uk /Parliament.aspx?id=10342&glossary=true (87 words)

	The Magazine Antiques: James Stuart, the Old Pretender.(king of England in the eighteen century)(Brief Article)@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		James Stuart, the Old Pretender.(king of England in the eighteen century)(Brief Article)
		It was clear that he would be raised a Catholic, but in the year he was born, William of Orange led a Protestant coup d'etat that led to the infant James's exile in France.
		In 1715, James Stuart, known as the Old Pretender, landed in Scotland and led an unsuccessful Jacobite rebellion.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:77875494&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (242 words)

	Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobites, Scotland - UK History.
		His son was born in 1688, James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) was to have been James III of Britain.
		People would wear a white rose to celebrate the Old Pretender's birthday or a white cockade on their hat to show their support of Jacobitism.
		Jacobites are also often associated with tartan; of course the Highlanders who fought for the Stuarts were mostly clad in their clan tartans.
	www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk /charlieb.html (1204 words)

	The Nation, 09/09/1869 - Editorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The amount of declamation which the arrival of the last news from China has called forth has enveloped the subject in so much fog that it may be well to make one more attempt to place it before the public in its true light.
		...We suppose the poor old, half-idiotic Emperor Ferdinand of Austria would hardly be admitted to the party we are imagining, since lie abdicated the tlironc in 1848, and does not come within tlie category of the pretenders...
		...And we think a little of the old leaven is still left in tlie minds of reading people as to such of the tribe as had the luck to live long enough ago...
	www.archive.thenation.com /Summaries/v009i0219_04.htm (5110 words)

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