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	Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prussia as a state was abolished de facto by the Nazis in 1934 and de jure by the Allied Powers in 1945.
		Prussia's reward in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna was the recovery of her lost territories, as well as the whole of the Rhineland, Westphalia, and some other territories.
		Prussia was extended on 1 April 1937, for instance, by the incorporation of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussia (4637 words)

	Prussia - Simple English Wikipedia
		Ducal Prussia was part of the Kingdom of Poland until 1660, and Royal Prussia was part of Poland until 1772.
		In 1618 the new Duke of Prussia was the Elector John Sigismund of Brandenburg.
		The Duchy of Prussia was important to the Hohenzollern family because it was not in the Holy Roman Empire.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussia (1602 words)

	Old Prussians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Old Prussians or Baltic Prussians (German: Pruzzen or Prußen; Latin: Pruteni; Lithuanian: Prūsai; Polish: Prusowie) were an ethnic group consisting of medieval Baltic tribes inhabiting the lands of the southeastern Baltic Sea, roughly around the Vistula and Curonian Lagoons.
		The land of the Old Prussians approximately consisted of the present-day Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia, and the Klaipėda Region in Lithuania.
		It is related to the Old Prussian Nadyn, forest; Nede, a pond; and the Nydar, Lithuanian Nedejan, Russian Nadva (reconstructed Baltic *Nadva), a tributary of the Dnieper.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussia_(Baltic) (1337 words)

	Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		From late 18th century the expanded Prussia dominated North Germany politically economically and in terms of population and was the core of the unified German Empire formed in 1871.
		Prussia greatly expanded its to the east during the Partitions of Poland between 1772 and 1795.
		Prussia's democratic constitution was suspended in 1932 as a result of a coup by Germany's conservative Chancellor Franz von Papen marking the effective end of German In 1933 Hermann Göring became Interior Minister of Prussia a he used to suppress all democratic opposition.
	www.freeglossary.com /Prussia (2218 words)

	PRUSSIA
		Prussia remained the dominant military power of Germany until the end of World War I. Thereafter it was largely an administrative unit of Germany.
		The chief difference between old Prussia and the new Germany was the establishment of the Reichstag, or parliament.
		Prussia absorbed the state of Waldeck in 1929 and in 1937 was given the state of Lubeck and portions of the states of Hamburg and Oldenburg.
	horsecare.stablemade.com /_articles/prussia.htm (2406 words)

	PGSA - East Prussia
		East Prussia has a variety of soils: frumentaceous on the Niemen, Pregola and Warmia, sandy on the seashores and sandbars and in the powiaty of Niborsk, Szczytno and Jansbork; and there are large marshes in Labiawa and Pilkally powiaty.
		The greatest defeat for the Polish population of Ducal Prussia was the division of Poland, by which Frederick II regained all the territories formerly ceded in the Peace of Torun [1466], except for the bishopric of Warmia, and Gdansk and Torun; he acquired those two cities in the second division.
		From the land acquired in the third partition, South Prussia or New East Prussia was created; but in 1807 by the Peace of Tilsit that area had to be ceded to France, which created a free city of Gdansk district, and the other territory was incorporated in the Duchy of Warsaw.
	www.pgsa.org /eprussia.htm (1833 words)

	Adalbert Goertz: FAQ.prussia (Preußssen)
		The concept of Kreis was different in pre-1806 Prussia and referred to the districts of the noble families ("Die Adeligen Kreise of the Rittergutsbesitzer") as well as the Immediatstädte and royal Domainen-Ämter.
		The original (East and West) Prussia was cleansed of its ethnic German population and given to Poland and Russia The Western powers were silent on the ethnic cleansing of original Prussia and Eastern Germany resulting in 12 millions of German refugees and expellees.
		Old report cards or transcripts (Schulzeugnis) are often still available at the schools or state archives (under Schulsachen back to the 1800s).
	users.foxvalley.net /~goertz/faq.prussia.html (4863 words)

	Christianization in Prussia
		This was a limited power, however given under the condition that if they did not bequeath their real estate to a church or a clergyman the inheritor must sell the property within a period of one year of inheriting, otherwise the property fell to the ownership of the Orden.
		The Orden allowed Old Prussians the "according-to-law marriage ceremony" acting as a trustee and in equality with the court in certification of the marriage.
		An Old Prussian may now rise in status to knighthood under the condition that they were born of a "noble origin".
	home.arcor.de /hanspettelkau/h6u8.htm (1008 words)

	Frazer, Sir James George. 1922. The Golden Bough
		In Neusaass, West Prussia, both the last sheaf—which is dressed up in jacket, hat, and ribbons—and the woman who binds it are called the Old Woman.
		In Silesia the last sheaf is called the Old Woman or the Old Man and is the theme of many jests; it is made unusually large and is sometimes weighted with a stone.
		Among the Wends the man or woman who binds the last sheaf at wheat harvest is said to “have the Old Man.” A puppet is made out of the wheaten straw and ears in the likeness of a man and decked with flowers.
	www.bartleby.com /196/pages/page402.html (376 words)

	Germany, the Stem Duchies & Marches
		Thus, the Old High German title was herizoho, from heri, "army," and ziohan, "to lead." This looks very much like a comparable title, voivode, perhaps also a translation, in Slavic languages.
		Not until Frederick II of Prussia did it start to become clear that Saxony would not be the predominant power of the region.
		Frederick the Great turned Prussia into a Great Power, though he was able to do this because of the army that his father had lovingly prepared but then sparingly used.
	www.friesian.com /germany.htm (10308 words)

	FAQ-J: German-Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1806 the old adminitrative areas were I. Ostpreussen with 983,034 Einwohner: 1.Ostpreussisches Kammer-Departement included the Kreise of Samland (Schaken), Tapiau, Brandenburg, Rastenburg, Braunsberg, Heilsberg, Morungen, Neidenburg.
		The concept of Kreis was different in pre-1806 Prussia and referred to the districts of the noble families ("Die Adeligen Kreise of the Rittergutsbesitzer") as well as the ImmediatstSdte and royal Domainen--mter.
		A5: There were 14 provinces in Prussia in 1895 with their respective capitals and Reg.Bezirke (districts): The head of the province was the OberprSsident who presided over the OberprSsidium office.
	thorin.adnc.com /~lynnd/gfaqj.html (2923 words)

	Old Prussia, Manuel Puig, and Robert Daley's latest trash-heap
		She tells us that there was a real camaraderie, but anyone who has ever seen such a world knows that these "beloved" servants in that kind of societal structure damn well know their place --- treating the children of their masters with deference and fear, knowing well that their livelihood depends on playing the game.
		She ends with a Buddha-like lecture on forgiveness and abandonment of force, but underneath the noble prose lies a arrogant melancholy that the world of inherited power, plutocracy, and privilege is gone forever.
		Ramirez, an old man from South America in a rest-home, and Larry, an attendant or whatever, who may or may not be affiliated with Columbia University.
	www.ralphmag.org /briefsZF.html (1310 words)

	Courtly Lives - Tczew, Poland/Dirschau, Germany
		All of Old Prussia was conquered by the Teutonic Knights and left in desolation, as all inhabitants were massacred or expelled.
		Royal Prussia (Prussians were originally from the Ulmigeris tribe) was the only province of Poland-Lithuania where the burgher estate could hold its own against the encroachment of the nobility.
		East of the Gulf of Gdansk was Old Prussia.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/Tczew.html (1480 words)

	The Legend of Gotdno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		IROY claimed that Old Gotdno was given to it by Bechtel on January 22.
		Like Old Gotdno, Territory A was given to IROY by Bechtel on January 22.
		IROY had military control of Territory A. Of all the former possessions of Gotdno, the one disputed most highly was the former state of Guest.
	www.expage.com /gotdno19 (502 words)

	PRUSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Old Prussian nobles and free soldiers were linguistically germanized in the time of the Teutonic Order but the serfs spoke Old Prussian until they died out after the plague of 1709.
		Therefore, Prussia became land of flourishing culture giving to the world Coppernicus, Kant and Hoffmann, to Germany - Herder, to Lithuania - literacy and literature etc. The plague of 1709 having took off third of the population, intensive German colonization began.
		The bulk of the population in this part of the former Kingdom of Prussia are Lithuanians as it was during centuries (most part of the pre-war Lithuanians have emigrated to Germany).
	www.vinland.org /heathen/pagancee/prusa.html (817 words)

	SparkNotes: Europe (1815-1848): Germany and Prussia in 1848
		In Prussia, the old king, Frederick William III, had always been opposed to giving the Prussian people a constitution.
		However, the success of Prussia in the last few decades had been almost entirely due to the skilled group of bureaucrats and administrators serving the government, and all of these administrators were pushing hard for a constitutional monarchy.
		Furthermore, Prussia and Austria, who combined to dominate Germany, liked a weak Germany, primarily because they feared the possibility of a united, powerful Germany on their borders.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/1848/section10.rhtml (858 words)

	H-Net Review: Philip G. Dwyer on Military System and Social Life in Old Regime Prussia, 1713-1807: The Beginnings of ...
		Military recruitment in Prussia was based on the "canton system" introduced in 1732; each regiment was allocated a district for recruiting in which all able-bodied men were obliged literally from birth to register on the cantonal rolls.
		Recruitment, then, was centered on and developed around Prussia's agricultural population, creating not only an army disproportionately large for the size of the Prussian population, but a peasant way of life that was shaped and conditioned, like none other in Europe, by the contingencies of the state and the military.
		As far as I am aware, discipline and punishment in eighteenth-century Prussia and the manner in which it was transferred from the military to civilian life is an avenue that has yet to be studied (readers of this review will correct me on this point if I am mistaken).
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=26005876513011 (1119 words)

	The Origins of Nazism - Mises Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		They have sometimes depicted as the goal of their endeavors the return of the lost paradise of old Prussia; but this was mere propaganda talk for the consumption of a public which worshiped the heroes of days gone by.
		But the old Prussian state was internally broken down long before this military defeat; it had long been decomposed and rotten, when Napoleon gave it the finishing stroke.
		That Prussia's Parliament was only a sham and that the army was the main stronghold of Prussia's absolutism was not new to them.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.aspx?control=1447 (6083 words)

	SparkNotes: Europe (1848-1871): German Unification (1850-1871)
		Whereas Camillo di Cavour directed Italian unification, a Junker (the Prussian name for an aristocratic landowner from old Prussia in the east) named Otto von Bismarck pushed German unification through "blood and iron" and skillful understanding of realpolitik.
		As the map of central Europe stood in 1850, Prussia competed with Austria for dominance over a series of small principalities fiercely keen on maintaining their independence and distinctive characteristics.
		Prussia's Protestantism and historic militarism made the gulf between north and south quite serious.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/1871/section4.rhtml (672 words)

	Joseph Maria von Radowitz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		To secure the support of the popular national movement, the new German state was to have a constitution and an elected parliament whose legislative functions, however, would be subsidiary to that of a college of six princes.
		And in November Prussia and Austria, supported by their respective German allies, were at the brink of war.
		For clearly, his aim was much like Bismarck's: to accommodate the old Prussia to a new age so as to ensure the survival of its conservative elites and institutions.
	www.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/rz/radowitz.htm (957 words)

	LITUANUS. Vol. 38, No. 1 - Spring 1992
		The churches, the municipal buildings, the old warehouses of this trading city have vanished...It has been a success only as an exercise in Soviet-style social engineering, as Soviet reality is particularly vivid here: air heavy with exhaust fumes, smoke-spitting factories in former municipal parks, fat people and ugly buildings...
		The Treaty of Christburg in 1249 was concluded by the Order with three Old Prussian tribes, who conceded their defeat, agreed to be baptized and promised to fight with the Order against the remaining Old Prussian tribes.
		Russia occupied Prussia from 1756-1762 during the Seven Years War and Czarina Elizabeth, without basis, declared it "Russian property." Her successor Czar Peter III, however, made peace with Frederick II which his wife and successor Catherine the Great fulfilled by with-drawing Russian troops.
	www.lituanus.org /1992_1/92_1_02.htm (13726 words)

	FAQ-G: German-Ost Preußen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		All monarchies in Germany were abolished in 1918, Prussia was declared defunct in 1945 by the Allied victors.
		The original (East and West) Prussia was cleansed of its ethnic German population and given to Poland and Russia.
		The concept of Kreis was different in pre-1806 Prussia and referred to the districts of the noble families ("Die Adeligen Kreise") as well as the Immediatstaedte and royal Domainen-Aemter.
	thorin.adnc.com /~lynnd/gfaqg.html (2978 words)

	Sarmatian Review XV.1: Davies
		Marion, Countess Donhoff, was born in 1909 in the family palace in Friedrichstein, twenty miles from Koenigsberg in East Prussia.
		The seventh child of a numerous brood, she followed the timeless routine of the old feudal East European aristocracy, unaware that their time was running out.
		The old German families of Prussia's eastern provinces, Bohemia, the Baltic States and the Balkans were cast into the same abyss which awaited the Polish families of Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, and the Magyars of Slovakia and Croatia.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~sarmatia/195/davies2.html (768 words)

	horse.html
		They belong to the old East Prussia, with its wide, clear sky and broad fields.
		Holstein were conquered by an alliance of Austria and Prussia in 1864, and were briefly administered by both
		areas, although the old center city itself was destroyed by 80% and the residential sector 72%..
	www.exulanten.com /horse.html (3263 words)

	The Peasant War in Germany: Addendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Still, somehow, this was accomplished, and the interests of the Junkers of the eastern provinces, together with those of the army, again became dominant in the State.
		In 1870, however, eight million southwest Germans were added, so that, in the "new monarchy," the fourteen and a half million old Prussians (all the six East Elbian provinces, among them, two million Poles) were opposed by twenty-five million who had long outgrown the old Prussian junker feudalism.
		Thus it was the peculiar feat of Prussia not only to culminate, by the end of this century, her bourgeois revolution begun in 1808-13 and continued in 1848, but to culminate it in the present form of Bonapartism.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/ch0b.htm (1814 words)

	History News Network
		Bischof's article was not an attempt to apply a one-to-one equivalence between all of the values of Prussia and all of the values of America.
		But now that you raise the issue, some Prussian elites did conceive of their militarism as an effort to spread progressive ideas throughout Europe, and they were carrying on a tradition of viewing their domination of the east in terms of liberalising these societies.
		In fact, Prussia regarded itself as an engine of progress and social reform in what their elites viewed as a technically, economically and socially backward nation and region.
	hnn.us /readcomment.php?id=35783&bheaders=1 (2757 words)

	Forums - The Origins of Nazism by Ludwig von Mises
		The Prussian myth, which the Prussian historians of the nineteenth century fashioned with a bold disregard of facts, would have us believe that Frederick II was viewed by his contemporaries as they themselves represent him-as the champion of Germany's greatness, protagonist in Germany's rise to unity and power, the nation's hero.
		What was needed in order to safeguard the political system of Prussia with its royal absolutism exercised by the Junkers was an army of men ready to fight-without asking questions-against everybody whom their commanders ordered them to attack.
		However, the same forces which frustrated the attempts of the old liberals to sweep away all barriers hindering the free mobility of labor, commodities, and capital will violently oppose that kind of socialist world management.
	engforum.pravda.ru /showthread.php3?s=&threadid=62757 (10252 words)

	The Frederick the Great Collection
		At the top of the grip or hilt is a carved shield with the traditional royal crown of Prussia at its apex or finial.
		The eagle of Prussia appears above him and the house of Hohenzolern eagle with Prussian crown is seen on the left.
		DESCRIPTION: Frederick the Great, King of Old Prussia, and Warrior King (father of Prussian militarism) is revered in Germany like no other; even in Germany’s ultraliberal society of today.
	www.germaniainternational.com /great3.html (930 words)

	Johann William Grupp (Sr.), <1820->1849 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He is from Germany and is 27 years old which matches our Wilhelm.
		Son George Adam died on 18 June 1848 and was buried on the 19th in Old St. Marcus Cemetery in St. Louis.
		He is 15 years old from Prussia and is living in Franklin County, Lyon Township.
	members.aol.com /ThomaGene/WilliamG_Sr.html (629 words)

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