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Topic: Old Prussian

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	Wikinfo \| Old Prussian language
		Old Prussian denotes an extinct Baltic language spoken by the inhabitants of the area that later became East Prussia (now in north-eastern Poland and the Kaliningrad oblast of Russia) prior to Polish and German colonization of the area beginning in the 13th century.
		Old Prussian is closely related to the other extinct western Baltic languages, Galindan (formerly spoken in the territory to the south) and Sudovian (to the east).
		Old Prussian probably ceased to be spoken around the end of the 17th century with the great plague.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Prussian (370 words)

	Old Prussian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old Prussian is an extinct Baltic language spoken by the inhabitants of the area that later became East Prussia (now in north-eastern Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia) prior to German colonization of the area beginning in the 13th century.
		Old Prussian probably ceased to be spoken in the beginning of the 18th century.
		Old Prussian began to be written down in the Latin alphabet in about the 13th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Prussian (1047 words)

	Baltic
		Old Russian (more precisely, an East Slavic language based mainly on Belorussian), Latin, and Polish were used in official matters in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was established in the mid-13th century and lasted until the 18th century.
		Old Prussian is the most archaic of the recorded Baltic languages (although it also has innovations of its own), and it differs considerably from Lithuanian and Latvian.
		Old Prussian also made use of intonations (tones), the character of which is similar to that of the Latvian (i.e., more archaic than that of Lithuanian intonations).
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05baltic (3519 words)

	Wikinfo \| Prussians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Prussians (or Old Prussians) are Balts that formerly inhabited the area stretching from the modern cities of Klaipeda (Memel) to Gdansk (Danzig) along the southeast Baltic Sea and who formerly spoke an Indo-European language called Old Prussian.
		The philosopher Immanuel Kant was born in Prussia, and is buried in Kaliningrad (Königsberg).
		In 1947, all of Prussia was outlawed, and the Prussians' patrimony was divided among Lithuania, Russia, and Poland.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Prussians (520 words)

	Franco-Prussian War
		Many Parisians, watching from their rooftops, cynically assumed that Nadar was dropping advertisements for his photographic studio; but in fact the leaflets were propaganda tracts accusing the Prussians of barbarism for attacking refined Paris, the capital of civilization.
		The Prussians opened fire with artillery and rolling volleys of musketry as the balloon passed over their lines.
		OLD NEWS (ISSN 1047-3068) is published nine times a year by Susquehanna Times and Magazine, Inc. Each issue is 11" x 17" (tabloid) size, 12 pages long and contains 4-6 articles on historical topics ranging in time from the fifth century B.C.to the 1920s.
	www.oldnewspublishing.com /balloons.htm (993 words)

	The Origin of the Lithuanian Language
		Old Church Slavic, also known as Old Bulgarian, is an extinct South Slavic language which was used by the Slavic missionaries Cyril and Methodius to propagate the Christian faith.
		The sentences apparently in Old Prussian are accompanied by a drawing of a gentleman who is saying in German 'Jesus ich leid,' i.e., 'Jesus, I am suffering.' At first I interpreted this to mean that the gentleman has a hangover, that he is suffering from having drunk too much.
		In Old Prussian the final -n is written, but we must remember that no living person has ever heard a native Old Prussian, so we don't know whether the final -n meant that the consonant was pronounced like -n or perhaps that the preceding vowel was nasal.
	www.lituanus.org /1982_1/82_1_01.htm (5833 words)

	Elements of Old Prussian Mythology in Gunter Grass' DOG YEARS - Rimvydas Sliazas
		The characteristics of Pikollos are also rooted in Old Prussian mythology, where "Pecols" or "Pickuls"15 was the god of death and the subterranean realm.
		Grass' use of the Old Prussian gods to symbolize the reawakening of an ancient paganism and barbarism in Germany during the Nazi era shows that the author has a good knowledge about their meaning in the Old Prussian religion.
		Grass must have chosen the name "Kriwe" for the wise old man in the novel purposely: A "criwe" was the highest priest or "sa-crificus" of the pagan Prussians,24 a fact recorded already in 1326.
	www.lituanus.org /1973/73_1_05.htm (2554 words)

	The Virgin Soldiers
		Prussian farm boys were highly desired by colonels of regiments in Alsace, the Ruhr, and the Rhineland as sources and models of old Prussian virtues.
		If no East Elbian politician rose in the Prussian Landtag or the German Reichstag to denounce the projected abandonment of his home- land to Slavic hordes as a result of the Schlieffen Plan, a sense of the eastern provinces as an ethnic and cultural battleground was nevertheless too pervasive to ignore.
		The expansion of the Prussian garrison, from one corps in 1889 to three after 1912, generated a critical mass that fostered efficiency by emulation and competition.
	www.angelfire.com /wi/nickc/tanenberg/virgsoldier1.html (4828 words)

	LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES OF THE RECOVERY OF OLD PRUSSIAN
		New situation in Europe allows the Prussians to hope to participate in further development of the part of their native land in the region of Kaliningrad, where a Prussian settlement is hoped to be created as a World Center for all Prussians.
		New Prussian as a language for all modern Prussians must be standardized on the basis of one of the attested old dialects.
		Old Prussian), one goes to the comparison on the corresponding deeper level (with the other Baltic languages on the level of Common Baltic, with Slavic and Baltic languages and their means of the derivation on common Baltic-Slavic level, but with other Indoeuropean languages on common IE level).
	donelaitis.vdu.lt /prussian/princip.htm (7490 words)

	Neopaganism in Central-Eastern Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Prussian term for sanctuary, "Romove" is present in various contexts referring to the pagan past.
		Ramuva is lead by Jonas Trinkunas, a former scientific worker at the Lithuanian Academy of Arts and Sciences, later the director of Division of Ethnic Culture of the Ministry of Culture and Education of the Lithuanian Republic.
		Revival of old celebrations and rituals are among the stated goals of the association.
	vinland.org /heathen/pagancee (2928 words)

	Old Prussian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Old Prussian was westernmost of all Baltic tongues, this is why it was subject to constant invasions from the West.
		The Catechisms use the definite article, and it is still a question whether the article was Old Prussian by nature or was introduced by a German-speaking translator.
		There was obviously two tenses in Old Prussian: the present and the past, and up to four moods (optative, imperative and subjunctive forms are witnessed).
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/balt/prussian.html (455 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Prussian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Prussian blue PRUSSIAN BLUE [Prussian blue] pigment widely used for laundry bluing, in dyeing compounds, and in the manufacture of inks and paints.
		Rising through the Prussian bureaucracy, he became minister of commerce (1804-7) but was dismissed by King Frederick William III for his attempts to increase the power of the heads of
		After the Prussian defeat by Emperor Napoleon I and the disastrous treaties of Tilsit in 1807 (see Sovetsk), he assisted Scharnhorst in the reorganization of the Prussian army.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Prussian (678 words)

	Germany - The System
		For years all the highest official positions of the government have been held by members of the Prussian noble class, and when Zimmermann, of a substantial family in East Prussia, but not of noble birth, was made Foreign Minister, the most intense surprise was exhibited all over Germany at this innovation.
		The laws so much admired and made ostensibly for their protection, such as insurance against unemployment, sickness, injury, old age, etc., are in reality skilful measures which bind them to the soil as effectively as the serfs of the Middle Ages were bound to their masters' estates.
		Both Prussian Junkers and the German manufacturers look with favour upon the employment of so many women in farm work because the greater the number of the labourers, the smaller their wages throughout the country.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles30/germany-7.shtml (3224 words)

	The Origins of Nazism - Mises Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		But the old Prussian state was internally broken down long before this military defeat; it had long been decomposed and rotten, when Napoleon gave it the finishing stroke.
		The Prussian myth, which the Prussian historians of the nineteenth century fashioned with a bold disregard of facts, would have us believe that Frederick II was viewed by his contemporaries as they themselves represent him—as the champion of Germany's greatness, protagonist in Germany's rise to unity and power, the nation's hero.
		The Prussian Army which fought in the battles of Leipzig and Waterloo was very different from the army which Frederick William I had organized and which Frederick II had commanded in three great wars.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.aspx?control=1447 (6163 words)

	GR Burgess's Old Norse Page
		Old Norse is the language spoken and written by the inhabitants of Scandinavia around 1000 A.D. and earlier.
		Old English was primarily a spoken language although it did have a written component; runic inscriptions, or runes.
		You should study Old Norse because it is your best source of information in understanding how early Germanic people thought, what their world was like, and what was important to them, and it is your best source for understanding the early history of all Germanic languages, including German, English, and the Scandinavian languages.
	odin.bio.miami.edu /norse (3036 words)

	Prussology
		Then together with him the idea was born and a memorandum published From the reconstruction of Old Prussian toward the recreation of Neo-Prussian (1983).
		Now the single danger to New Prussian are spontaneous attempts of many different persons, usually dilettantes, to create their own Prussian, mostly in Lithuania and in Poland.
		Old Prussian share in creating the first Russian State: Break of the Millenium Comments to the Norman Theory.
	www.geocities.com /palmaitis/prussol.html (821 words)

	Prussian Language Reconstructions
		Old Prussians were an akin nation with the same Gods but their language was even more archaical.
		The latter became to be generalized on the stressed positions, too, in Prussian of the 13th c., and coincided with the back open /ā/ tending to be diphthongized under the stress parallelly to the diphthongized pronunciation of the stressed long /ē/ (Klusis, cf.
		In this section Prussian words are represented in the same generalized achronical spelling, as in the Dictionary; supposed forms are marked with the asterisk; for the attested spellings cf.
	poshka.bizland.com /prussian/reconstructions.htm (3036 words)

	Engels' Preface - Addendum \| libcom.org
		Besides the incurable moral injury to the Prussian crown, by the fact that it had swallowed up three other crowns by the grace of God, the centre of gravity of the monarchy had moved considerably westward.
		It is a fact that the Prussian State still was a semi-feudal State, whereas Bonapartism is, at all events, a modern form of state which presupposes the abolition of feudalism.
		Thus it was the peculiar feat of Prussia not only to culminate, by the end of this century, her bourgeois revolution begun in 1808-13 and continued in 1848, but to culminate it in the present form of Bonapartism.
	libcom.org /library/peasant-war-germany-addendum (1906 words)

	Maps of Indo-European Languages-Old Prussian
		This map shows the regions of the world where Old Prussian was once spoken (red circle).
		Old Prussian came from the Baltic family of languages in the Balto-Slavic branches of Indo-European.
		Old Prussian died out in the 1600s, being replaced completely by German and later by Polish.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/IE_Satem_Old_Prussian.html (134 words)

	Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name Prussia derives from the Old Prussians, a Baltic people related to the Lithuanians and Latvians; Prussia was later conquered by the Teutonic Knights and thereafter slowly Germanized.
		When Prussian troops, equipped with superior arms, achieved the crucial victory at Königgrätz under Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Austria was defeated, ending its decades-long struggle with Prussia for dominance of Germany.
		The imperial crown was hereditary in the House of Hohenzollern, the royal house of Prussia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussia (4957 words)

	German Freemasonry and Its Attitudes Toward The Nazi Regime
		It was the 'Old Prussian Grand Lodges', which contained the High Command Officers, Industrialists, and Royal Houses who had always banned Jews from joining and which was fiercely nationalistic and reactionary in it's politics that the American and British Grand Lodges recognized as being 'regular'.
		The Old Prussian 'regular' National Grand Lodges were filled with Officers of the High Command, Captains of Industry, Commerce, Finance, Leading Citizens, and Royalty, most of whom were loyal Nazi Party members themselves.
		In 1922, the Old Prussian Grand Lodges decided to withdraw from the German Grand Lodgs' Alliance founded in 1872, explaining: 'There is a border which strongly dfferentiates humanitarian from Old Prussian national Freema- sonty.
	www.freemasonrywatch.org /attitude.html (3831 words)

	[No title]
		When (initially class-based) provincial parliaments were established in the Prussian provinces in 1823, two of them were established in Pomerania: one communal parliament for the governmental districts of Stettin and Koeslin and a separate communal parliament for the governmental district of Stralsund, New Hither Pomerania (until 1881).
		At the head of the province stood the representative of the Crown, the Provincial President, who resided in the palace in Stettin and until 1882 also functioned as the governmental president for the district of Stettin.
		As a result of Prussian administrative reforms in 1932, the small government district of Stralsund was dissolved and included in the Stettin district.
	members.tripod.com /~radde/PrussianProvince.html (2287 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Misc. Balto-Slavic
		Old Church Slavic is the language into which two Christian missionaries, Cyril and Methodius, translated the Bible.
		Old Church Slavic remains the official language of the Russian Orthodox Church.
		Old Prussian became extinct about 1700 A.D. Old Prussian was spoken in the area of the modern countries of Lithuania and Germany; it was written with the Latin alphabet.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/obalslvh.htm (2315 words)

	OLD American Century / White Rose Society message boards > Bush's 'Patriot Act' Vs Hitler's ...
		Old army barracks and abandoned factories were used as prisons.
		Dressed in their handsome uniforms sprinkled with medals, they watched a most reverent Adolf Hitler give a speech paying respect to Hindenburg and celebrating the union of old Prussian military traditions and the new Nazi Reich.
		The second decree signed by the befuddled old man allowed for the arrest of anyone suspected of maliciously criticizing the government and the Nazi party.
	www.oldamericancentury.org /bb/lofiversion/index.php/t3653.html (1570 words)

	Memoirs Of Barry Lyndon (1844)
		For near Düsseldorf I fell in with a sharp old Prussian, who, suspecting that I was not what I pretended to be, decoyed me into a room full of soldiers and in spite of my desperate resistance succeeded finally in recruiting me for the army of his Majesty of Prussia.
		The old reigning Duke was a man devoted to pleasure, and the Princess Olivia, wife of his son, Duke Victor, set an admirable example to the ladies of the court by her contempt of conventionality and boldness in play.
		The old Chevalier had been ruined by a French actress, but was now sincerely repentant and desired me to pay a hand-some fee to a monastery he proposed to enter.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles34/authors-25.shtml (4179 words)

	PRUSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		PRUSA is a reconstructed authentic name of Prussia - the land of the ancient Baltic nation Prussians conquered in 1231-1283 by the German knights, who founded the first State there with its capital Marienburg, later (1457) - in Konigsberg.
		The Old Prussian nobles and free soldiers were linguistically germanized in the time of the Teutonic Order but the serfs spoke Old Prussian until they died out after the plague of 1709.
		This is also a good opportunity for us to declare that we are not inimical to modern States in the land of the Old Prussians and that in any case we should be thankful for any support and a place for us there on the territory of Poland, Russia or Lithuania.
	vinland.org /heathen/pagancee/prusa.html (817 words)

	Omnipotent Government: German Liberalism
		It is a fundamental mistake to believe that Nazism is a revival or a continuation of the policies and mentalities of the ancien régime or a display of the "Prussian spirit." Nothing in Nazism takes up the thread of the ideas and institutions of older German history.
		The old Prussian state of the house of Hohenzollern was completely destroyed by the French on the battlefields of Jena and Auerstädt (1806).
		The liberals wanted the Prussian Army strong because they were afraid of Austrian hegemony, a new Counter‑Reformation, and the reëstablishment of the reactionary system of the late Prince Metternich.
	www.mises.org /etexts/mises/og/chap1.asp (5950 words)

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