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Topic: Old Red Sandstone

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	Old Red Sandstone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Old Red Sandstone is a rock formation of considerable importance to early paleontology.
		Found in Wales and Scotland, in England where it borders those two, and in the area around Omagh, Northern Ireland, the Old Red Sandstone is a huge set of sedimentary rocks (primarily brown and red, giving it its name) dating to the Devonian.
		As a result, the Old Red Sandstone is a rich source of marine fossils.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Red_Sandstone (410 words)

	Old Red Sandstone - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		OLD RED SANDSTONE [Old Red Sandstone] series of red and brown sandstones, conglomerates, and shales deposited in Wales and Scotland and in England near the Welsh and Scottish borders in the Devonian period of geologic time.
		The Old Red Sandstone, in contrast to the typical formations of the Devonian, is largely a continental formation, laid down in freshwater and on land as a result of the erosion of the highlands of the Silurian period.
		The Old Red Sandstone was correlated with the marine Devonian by the British geologists Rodney Murchison and Adam Sedgwick.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-oldr1eds1a.html (377 words)

	Sandstone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains.
		Finally, once it has accumulated, the sand becomes sandstone when it is compacted by pressure of overlying deposits and cemented by the precipitation of minerals within the pore spaces between sand grains.
		Red sandstones are also seen in the Southwest and West of England, as well as central Europe and Mongolia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandstone (832 words)

	Devonian system - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is in the north-east of Europe that the Devonian and Old Red Sandstone appear to be united into one system, where the limestones and marine organisms of the one are interstratified with the fishbearing sandstones and shales of the other.
		The upper division of the Old Red Sandstone is represented in Shropshire and South Wales by a great series of red rocks, shales, sandstones and marls, some 10,000 ft. thick.
		In the lower members of the Old Red series Dipterus, and in the upper members Phaneropleuron, represented the dipnoid lung-fishes; and it is of extreme interest to note that a few of these curious forms still survive in the African Protopterus, the Australian Ceratodus and the South American Lepidosiren, - all freshwater fishes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Devonian_system (5624 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Polarized Light Microscopy Gallery - Red Sandstone
		Sandstone is a common sedimentary rock primarily composed of grains of sand cemented together by various materials, such as clay, calcium carbonate, silica, or iron oxides.
		Red sandstone, which is especially known for its great beauty in the western United States, often forms spectacular vistas and natural structures that serve as tourist attractions.
		Large red sandstone monoliths that jut out from the Earth towards the sky, for example, can be seen at various national landmarks and parks, such as the Garden of the Gods, a 1,350-acre park located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
	www.olympusmicro.com /galleries/polarizedlight/pages/redsandstonesmall.html (249 words)

	The Old Red Sandstone of Great Britain
		Erosion of the mountain belt produced the sediments of the Old Red Sandstone, deposited in the tropics south of the Equator in a semi-arid climate.
		Scientific study of the Old Red Sandstone is as old as the study of geology itself, commencing with the classic observations of James Hutton at the Old Red Sandstone unconformities at Siccar Point, Jedburgh and North Newton, Arran over 200 years ago.
		The Old Red Sandstone holds the evidence of an extraordinary period of the planet's history, when the vertebrates developed, flourished in the seas and rivers, and emerged on to the land, where the first vascular plants took root and the first arthropods crawled, breathed air and took wing.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2936 (599 words)

	Search Results for "sandstone"
		...The usual cementing material in sandstone is calcium carbonate, iron oxides, or silica, and the hardness of sandstone varies according to the character of the cementing...
		...Old Red Sandstone, series of red and brown sandstones, conglomerates, and shales deposited in Wales and Scotland and in England near the Welsh and Scottish borders...
		...Its unusual color is caused in some instances by the presence of red iron oxide which acts as a cement, binding the sand grains together.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/65search?query=sandstone (298 words)

	Old Red Museum - Contact
		Affectionately known as “Old Red”, this 1892 Romanesque courthouse served as the center of Dallas County life and government.
		The doors to Old Red are once again open to offer this one of a kind location as the perfect setting for your wedding, reception, meeting or social gathering.
		Centrally located and easily accessible, Old Red is adjacent to Dealey Plaza, and The West End Historic District, and just a short walk to the Dallas Convention Center and nearby hotels, making it the ideal site for any social gathering.
	www.oldred.org /contact.html (312 words)

	J05 Devonian geology of the Old Red Sandstone paleocontinent
		This former land is called the "Old Red Sandstone continent." The name long predates the theory of plate tectonics and refers collectively to, now separated by deep oceans, regions in which accumulations of Devonian continental red sandstones are widespread.
		The western part of the Old Red Sandstone paleocontinent was flooded by an epeiric sea called the Kaskaskian.
		The Devonian red sandstone formation that accumulated on Baltica and Avalon, where originally described in Great Britain, is the Old Red Sandstone (ORS).
	geowords.com /histbooknetscape/j05.htm (773 words)

	devonian
		The Devonian or Old Red Sandstones are found from Cornwall to Shetland and although they were only used for roofing in a few locations some of these were very large industries producing a range of products, especially flagstones for 18th and 19th century towns and cities World-wide.
		Howe recorded stone slates from the Old Red Sandstone marls of Stockholm, Pembrokeshire (where) thin sandy layers are obtained, and formally were made into roof tiles.
		The Middle Old Red Sandstone has been used as a local building material in Orkney, Shetland and the north-east of Caithness but it was in the latter that it became a substantial industry.
	www.stoneroof.org.uk /devon.html (1172 words)

	Hugh Miller's Old Fish Story
		In describing the Devonian Old Red Sandstone strata of his native Scotland, he says it thusly: "I am particular, at the risk, I am afraid, of being tedious, in thus describing the Geology of this northern county (Caithness), and of the Cromarty section, which represents and elucidates it.
		The Old Red Sandstone is exposed at or near the surface of the landscape as far south as the Firth of Clyde, and, along its northern extent, the coast of Caithness.
		It consists of three principal masses: red and mottled marls with impure limestone and sandstone; conglomerate; and a finely laminated quartzose sandstone.
	www.fossilnews.com /2001/hughmiller/fishstory.html (1391 words)

	Time Sequence in Pebbles
		The cobble is from the Old Red Sandstone of Ireland.
		Then they were deposited in the Old Red Sandstone 360 million years ago where they were incorporated into the Old Red.
		Then sometime (most likely again within the past 2 million years) this pebble was eroded out of the Old Red Sandstone and bounced along a modern river which rounded the conglomeratic cobble.
	home.entouch.net /dmd/pebbles.htm (473 words)

	Edinburgh Geologist - Red rocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It may be that the word is used to emphasize the difference between the red rocks of one mountain and the grey rocks of the surrounding area or neighbouring hills.
		Considering red rocks geologically, there are a lot of these in Scotland: the Torridonian, the Old Red Sandstone and the New Red Sandstone are the main sedimentary examples, but there are Caledonian granites and Cenozoic granites as well.
		The Upper Old Red Sandstone, with its bright orangish red colouring, should provide a wealth of place names, but with its outcrops scattered throughout the Midland Valley, it is rather difficult to tie down.
	www.edinburghgeolsoc.org /z_37_08.html (1434 words)

	Old Red Sandstone Continent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		uring the mid to late Devonian, North America, a part of the Old Red Sandstone (Larussia) supercontinent, lay on the equator with the area east of the present Mississippi river mostly in the southern hemisphere.
		The Old Red Sandstone continent was built primarily by a collision between the continents of Baltica (parts of Europe, Scandanavia, and Siberia), and Laurentia (old North America, including Greenland).
		Continental shapes were quite different in the past, not to mention the fact that the outline and position of the shorelines, what we usually see on a map, would have varied markedly with sea level and tectonic changes.
	csmres.jmu.edu /geollab/vageol/vahist/oldredcont.html (225 words)

	Agate
		They are agates derived from the andesitic lavas of Old Red Sandstone age, chiefly in the Ochils and the Sidlaws.
		Among the uses to which agate is applied may be mentioned the formation of knife-edges of delicate balances, small mortars and pestles for chemical work, burnishers and writing styles, umbrella-handles, paper-knives, seals, brooches and other trivial ornaments.
		It should be noted that in England agates are found not only in old lavas, like the andesites of the Cheviots, but also to a limited extent in the Dolomitic Conglomerate, an old beach-deposit of Triassic age in the Mendips and the neighborhood of Bristol.
	www.jewelry-paideia.com /reference/ref-gemstone-agate-1.php (1967 words)

	M. Hitzman - Graduate Students
		This study examines the Old Red Sandstone in Ireland to determine its diagenetic history and evaluate the nature and distribution of hydrothermal alteration within the unit.
		The project aims to determine whether fluid flow in the Old Red Sandstone was of regional extent or the result of flow from point sources.
		The focus of this study is the early Jurassic Wingate sandstone, a gray-tan to brown-red fine-grained cross-bedded eolian sandstone that hosts disseminated copper mineralization around the Paradox and Sinbad salt anticlines in Colorado.
	www.mines.edu /~mhitzman/grad_studentscurrent.html (1586 words)

	Caithness CWS - History - Articles - Orcadian Middle Old Red Sandstone
		The Middle Old Red Sandstone of the Orcadian cuvette consists of both lacustrine and lake margin sediments.
		The lacustrine sediments are dominated by a monotonous rhythm, or cyclic sedimentary sequence, resulting from long-term cycles of transgression and regression in the level of the lake or lakes.
		The approach to Red Point is over heather-covered peat bog and the exposure is on the cliff face.
	www.caithness.org /history/articles/orcadianmiddleoldredsandstone.htm (1046 words)

	OLogy
		About five years ago, she was reunited with a long-lost cousin from Scotland, a similar piece of sandstone.
		Sandstone: As those mountains formed, sand, silt, tiny pieces of rock, and other sediments washed into the water between the two mountain ranges.
		Sandstone: Oh, it was lovely speaking with you, Rondi.
	ology.amnh.org /earth/ifrockscouldtalk/sandstone.html (571 words)

	East Greenland
		Back in the summers of 1968-70 when I worked in the Old Red Sandstone basin as a Cambridge student, we would fly from Reykjavik north to Mestersvig which was then an emergency strip, and a support centre for a local mine and for the Danish Army dog-sledge teams which patrolled the coast in Winter.
		Next comes the Multicoloured Series: 200 metres of red shales of bed 7 into which many faults detach; the yellow and grey dolomite beds 8, 9, each about 150 metres; bed 10 is at the top, a complex of red and yellow dolomitic shales.
		This photo shows more of the Old Red succession, its possible to make out some subtle convex-up bedding surfaces which are a response to extension on the curving floor fault which I infer as linking with the Kong Oscar shear zone.
	www.digitalgeology.co.uk /east_greenland.htm (2403 words)

	CVO Website - Devonian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Corals found in thin marine beds in these rocks in Devonshire, England, were determined by paleontologist William Lonsdale to be intermediate between those of the Silurian and those of the Carboniferous; therefore, Murchison and Sedgwick proposed a new geologic system named after the province where the corals were obtained.
		Most of the Devonian rocks in Britain consist of a thick series of reddish sandstones, shales, and conglomerates that collectively were named the Old Red Sandstone.
		The Old Red Sandstone was made famous by Hugh Miller, a self-educated Scottish quarryman who collected and studied fossil fishes from these rocks.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/devonian.html (298 words)

	Department of Geology and Geological Engineering - Colorado School of Mines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Two opposing models proposed to account for derivation and flow of hydrothermal fluids are: 1) northward-driven, lateral fluid flow through the Devonian Old Red Sandstone and 2) vertical, convection-driven flow of Carboniferous seawater along deep-seated faults through Silurian and Ordovician basement rocks.
		Research to date has demonstrated that the Old Red Sandstone is hydrothermally altered underneath sites of economic mineralization.
		This is the objective of current research; to determine whether or not the Old Red Sandstone played a significant role in the genesis of Irish-type Zn-Pb mineralization.
	www.mines.edu /academic/geology/newsletter/newsletter13.html (428 words)

	Footprints of the Creator by Hugh Miller
		Hugh Miller holds a lofty place, not merely from the discovery of new and undescribed organisms in the Old Red Sandstone, but from the accuracy and beauty of his descriptions, the purity and elegance of his composition, and the high tone of philosophy and religion which distinguishes all his writings." p.
		The old, and, as it has proven, erroneous reading of the Mosaic account, was by much too general a one early in the present century, not to have exerted upon them, in their character as ministers of religion, a sensible influence of a directly opposite nature.
		Tail of Spinax Acanthias : -- of Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris 172
	www.geology.19thcenturyscience.org /books/1858-Miller-Footprints/htm/doc.html (2478 words)

	Buildings and building stone: Old Red Sandstone in Callendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Old Red Sandstone is famous among geologists as the European counterpart of the Catskill Delta.
		Both bodies of sandstone were shed off the mountains that arose in the Devonian when Europe and North America collided in the assembly of the supercontinent Pangaea.
		The Old Red Sandstone is famous among historians of geology as the subject of rancorous debate among famous early British geologists like Adam Sedgwick, Roderick Murchison, and Henry Thomas De la Beche as they sorted out British stratigraphy in the early 1800s.
	www.gly.uga.edu /railsback/BS-CL.html (220 words)

	Sandstone,Indian Sandstone,Indian Sandstone Paving,Sandstone Paving,Red Sandstone,Red Sand Stone India,Sandstone ...
		Natural sandstone is a combination of sand tightly held together by natural cement such as silica.
		It is available in varied colors such as red sandstone, yellow sandstone, green sandstone, white sandstone, etc. and finds applications as Sandstone Tiles, Sandstone Blocks, Sandstone Slabs, Sandstone Bricks in flooring, wall cladding, countertops, fireplace mantels, and for pavement of floors.
		Sandstone Uses : Wall-cladding, roofing, flooring and all other types of interior and exterior applications depending upon the imagination of an architect.
	www.indiacraftintl.com /indian-sandstone.html (206 words)

	Robert Chambers, "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation," Ch. 5, 1844 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The particular strata forming the system are somewhat different in different countries; but there is a general character to the extent of these being a mixture of flagstones, marry rocks, and sandstones, usually of a laminous structure, with conglomerates.
		It is equally ascertained of the types of being prevalent in the old red, as of those of the preceding system, that there are uniform in the corresponding strata of distant parts of the earth; for instance, Russia and North America.
		In the old red sandstone, the marine plants, of which faint traces are observable in the Silurians, continue to appear.
	www.stephenjaygould.org /library/vestiges/chapter05.html (1567 words)

	Miller Old red sandstone & Mitchell geography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Old Red Sandstone: Or, New Walks in an Old Field.
		The Old Red Sandstone, first published in 1841, started as a few geological sketches written for the newspaper and rapidly expanded into a book.
		Opposite the title page is a diagram of cross sections of the Old Red Sandstone formations.
	www.fsu.edu /~speccoll/1851exhibit/miller.html (510 words)

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