Old Spanish Trail (trade route)

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	Nevada Historical Marker 141
		Later termed the Old Spanish Trail, this route was a principal means of reaching the Pacific Coast until the termination of the war with Mexico in 1848.
		The successful completion of the journey opened a trade route between the two Mexican provinces of New Mexico and California.
		Described as the "longest, crookedest, most arduous pack mule route in the history of America," Armijo's party brought manufactured goods to Los Angeles and returned driving herds of mules and horses.
	dcnr.nv.gov /markers/mark_141.htm (141 words)

	History of The Old Spanish Trail
		The Old Spanish Trail witnessed a brief but furious heyday between 1830 and 1848 as a trade route linking Santa Fe, New Mexico and Los Angeles, California.
		Between 1598 and 1830, Spanish (1598-1821) and later Mexican (1821-1830), and American (1821-1830) traders connected these native trade routes to complete the Old Spanish Trail.
		Well-documented Spanish expeditions that led from Santa Fe to central Utah, along the eastern half of the Trail, include Juan Maria Antonio de Rivera in 1765, the Dominquez-Escalante party of 1776, Manuel Mestas in 1805, and the Arze-Garcia party of 1813.
	www.museumtrail.org /OldSpanishTrail.asp (647 words)

	Stevenson, Old Spanish Trail
		The Old Spanish Trail was the first viable overland trade route between Santa Fe, New Mexico and Los Angeles, California, the two most important provincial capitals in the Southwest in the early nineteenth century.
		A total of nine maps are used in the Old Spanish Trail National Historic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment to describe the location of the trail.
		New Mexican trader Antonio Armijo blazed the trail in 1829, when he led a caravan laden with New Mexico's woolen goods to Los Angeles to trade for horses and mules that were abundant on the ranches of southern California.
	www.doi.gov /ocl/2002/s1946.htm (1013 words)

	Moab Happenings Archive
		The Spanish Trail was a roundabout route, detouring around both natural obstacles and areas where the local Native Americans were known to be hostile.
		Starting more than 200 years ago (its heyday was from about 1830 to 1848), the 1,100-mile-long trail had been a major supply and trade route between Santa Fe and Los Angeles, and even today many sections of the trail are heavily traveled (covered by major interstate highways, of course).
		The Mormon settlers then used the western part of the Spanish Trail as a wagon route to California.
	www.moabhappenings.com /Archives/pioneer0401.htm (615 words)

	Pahrump Valley Times - Nye County's Largest Newspaper Circulation
		Laying the foundations of the Old Spanish Trail, the Catholic friars were pioneers in opening the route connecting Spain's northern frontier settlements in California and New Mexico and creating what today we would call economic development.
		Other, more familiar emigrant routes to California took center stage as the Old Spanish Trail faded into history.
		The Nature Conservancy and private landowners are also involved in preservation of Tecopa's scenic and historic lands, where the Old Spanish Trail is to the Mojave Desert what the Wilderness Road was to forests of Kentucky, or the Mormon Trail to the plains of Iowa, Nebraska and Wyoming.
	www.pahrumpvalleytimes.com /2005/01/12/news/armagosa.html (1396 words)

	2001 News Releases - Old Spanish Trail in Nevada Added to National Register of Historic Places
		The first person who traveled the entire length of the Old Spanish Trail was New Mexican trader Antonio Armijo in 1829.
		The Old Spanish Trail, which runs through Clark County in southern Nevada, and formerly extended from Santa Fe, NM, to Los Angeles, Calif., was recognized for the role it played in early transportation, exploration and settlement of the southern Nevada region.
		In 1855, a Mormon mission was established at the springs at Las Vegas, on the Old Spanish Trail, due to a decision by Mormon Church officials to capitalize on the well-known rest stop at the springs and to convert the indigenous people in the area, mainly Southern Paiutes.
	dmla.clan.lib.nv.us /docs/dca/press/2001/08-28.htm (599 words)

	Map of the Old Spanish Trail, 1846
		In late 1841, the Rowland-Workman expedition was the first group consisting largely of emigrants to enter California from an eastern-based land route by traveling on the Old Spanish Trail.
		From its origins in the Spanish colonial era through its Mexican-era uses for commerce and emigration, the Old Spanish Trail is significant in the history of today’s American Southwest.
		The Old Spanish Trail Association, based in Colorado, is leading efforts to have the National Park Service recognize the trail as a National Historic Trail.
	www.homesteadmuseum.org /family/mapost.htm (499 words)

	Old Spanish Trail likely neither old, nor Spanish www.azstarnet.com ®
		Accounts differ as to whether Spanish traders, conquistadores and missionaries used some or all of that route, which Lamb said mainly was a series of "loosely organized tourist spots" from San Diego to Jacksonville, Fla. Tucson is one of many cities along the route.
		The document states that Old Spanish Trail is a redesignated portion of Old Vail Road and "does not correspond to anything Spanish.
		And no, that Old Spanish Trail was not part of the real Old Spanish Trail, located far to the north.
	www.azstarnet.com /dailystar/metro/60242.php (586 words)

	Utah History Encyclopedia
		Opened as a trade route between Santa Fe and Los Angeles, the Spanish Trail became a major link connecting New Mexico and southern California from 1829 to 1848.
		The Spanish Trail literally began northwest of Santa Fe at Abiquiu, the last European settlement during the trail days; between New Mexico and the frontier outpost of Cucamonga in California was a distance of about a thousand miles.
		The word "Spanish" is something of a misnomer since the trail was in use only during the time when the region traversed was part of Mexico.
	www.media.utah.edu /UHE/s/SPANISHTRAIL.html (730 words)

	Caleb Palfreyman
		The title of my project is "A Tour Along the Old Spanish Trail to Mountain Meadows." I have corresponded with Steven Heath, and he has worked with me in preparation of the tour to be held June 8-9.
		Not only was this the site of the Mountains Meadow Massacre, but the trail was used for a traffic of slave trade in the earlier years of the Spanish Empire.
		Professor Heath further explained the course of the Spanish trail followed the pass of this flat rather than the route of Highway 56.
	www.suu.edu /faculty/mulderink/ServiceLearning/caleb_palfreyman.htm (2506 words)

	Events - City of Crestview, Florida
		Old Spanish Trail refers to the route used by the three European countries that settled the area; Spain, England, and France.
		It was a trade route between El Paso, Texas and Jacksonville, Florida. A majority of the festivities are held at the Spanish Trail Park.
		The morning session is held at the Spanish Trail Park and the afternoon session at Twin Hills Park.
	www.cityofcrestview.org /events/events.htm (649 words)

	Old Spanish Trail National Historic Trail Feasibility Study Available for Public Review
		The Old Spanish Trail was primarily a horse and mule pack route between Los Angeles, California and Santa Fe, New Mexico.
		The draft report on the Old Spanish Trail National Historic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment is now being made available for public review and comment by the National Park Service for a 90-day period beginning July 17, 2000.
		With respect to a number of historic themes and uses that were evaluated, the Old Spanish Trail is found to be of state or local significance.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /announce/show.cgi?ID=126183 (585 words)

	Old Spanish Trail Association
		Recognizing the national significance of this historic long distance trade route, in 2002 Congress designated it the Old Spanish National Historic Trail.
		The Old Spanish Trail was a pack mule trail linking land-locked New Mexico with coastal California between 1829 and 1848.
		Copyright © 2004Old Spanish Trail Association All rights reserved.
	www.oldspanishtrail.org (111 words)

	Old Spanish Trail to be Jointly Administered by National Park Service and Bureau of Land Management
		Linking Indian trails and trails established earlier by Spanish and Mexican explorers, this trail's greatest significance was in the 1830s and 1840s as a trade route exchanging Mexican woolens for California horses.
		The Old Spanish National Historic Trail traverses several routes from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to Los Angeles, California.
		Old Spanish Trail to be Jointly Administered by
	www.doi.gov /news/030621.htm (236 words)

	Geographic Resource Information Management - National Historic Trails
		Recognizing the national significance of this historic long distance trade route, in 2002 Congress designated it the Old Spanish National Historic Trail.
		Added to the National Trails System in October 2000, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (Royal Road of the Interior) National Historic Trail recognizes the primary route between the colonial Spanish capital of Mexico City and the Spanish provincial capitals at San Juan de Los Caballeros (1598-1600); San Gabriel (1600-1609); and Santa Fe (1610-1821).
		Today the trail encompasses about 2,200 miles of land and water routes, and traverses portions of nine states
	imgis.nps.gov /national_historic_trails.html (236 words)

	Santa Fe Trail on Encyclopedia.com
		The Santa Fe National Historic Trail (see National Parks and Monuments (table) follows the route of the old trail, with many sites marked or restored.
		The Cimarron or Cutoff Division of the trail in the south, a more direct route, crossed the Great Plains from the Arkansas River to Fort Union, N.Mex., where it rejoined the northern route.
		small trapping parties had reached Santa Fe, then under Spanish rule; but they were forbidden to trade.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/SntF1eT1.asp (587 words)

	MSN Encarta - Santa Fe Trail
		Santa Fe Trail, overland route, extending from western Missouri to Santa Fe, in present-day New Mexico, and used mainly for trade.
		Other trails that were connected to the Santa Fe Trail included the Old Spanish Trail, which linked Santa Fe to Los Angeles, and the El Camino Real, which connected Santa Fe to Mexico City.
		The trail, which was about 1,255 km (about 780 mi) long, began in Old Franklin, Missouri, traveled west to the Arkansas River, and followed the river southwest.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566262/Santa_Fe_Trail.html (587 words)

	The-Fort-Pierre-Fort-Laramie-Trail
		First used by the American Fur Company, the trail had its origin as part of an earlier Spanish trade route from Santa Fe to the Missouri River in present South Dakota.
		THE FORT PIERRE-FORT LARAMIE TRAIL From about 1837 until 1850, more than a quarter million buffalo robes bought from Indians and 27 tons of fur company trade goods were hauled over the 300 mile long Fort Pierre-Fort Laramie Trail that followed the White River through this area.
		Small traders and government freighters continued to use portions of the trail until the 1880s.
	www.panesu.org /subject/markers/The-Fort-Pierre-Fort-Laramie-Trail (193 words)

	Wild Horse's of Utah's Mountain Home Range
		South of the Mountain Home Range lies the Escalante Desert, once crossed by the Old Spanish Trial, an early trade route during the 1830's and '40's linking Los Angeles California to Santa Fe, New Mexico.
		I wondered what would attract horses to the Mountain Home Range if they did escape from Spanish horse herds being driven across the Old Spanish Trail Gus Warr told me that the Needle Range probably had more water than any range west of Cedar City.
		With this type of management, the wild horses of the Mountain Home Range, which is probably the only living historical representatives of the southern California Spanish horse of colonial times, will be strengthened genetically, and the population will be protected from contamination or extinction.
	www.frontiernet.net /~sulphur/Roubidoux1.html (193 words)

	Kansas Historic Markers
		THE ROAD TO SANTA FE The Santa Fe Trail, extending 750 miles from the Kansas City area to the old Spanish settlement of Santa Fe, was the great overland trade route of the 1820s to 1870s.
		Between Lawrence and Topeka, the Kansas turnpike passes near the route of the old Oregon-California Trail, traveled in the 1800s by explorers, missionaries, soldiers, emigrants in search of land, and forty-niners in search of gold.
		Several routes led west from the river, converging into one trail by the time the Fort Kearny (Neb.) vicinity was reached.
	www.kshs.org /tourists/markers.htm (8094 words)

	Texas Treasures - Jose Antonio Navarro - Texas State Library
		Acting without congressional approval, Lamar envisioned the creation of a trade route that would allow Texas part of the revenue from the Santa Fe trail, plus the opportunity to persuade the New Mexicans to join the Republic of Texas.
		Navarro came of age during a time in which San Antonio was a hotbed of revolution against Spanish rule, and the scene of continuing bloody clashes between the Spanish army and Mexican rebels.
		Navarro wrote articles and a book in which he set the record straight about the contributions of the Tejanos to Texas independence, pointing out that the citizens of Bexar and elsewhere were fighting for Texas freedom 25 years before the Alamo.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /treasures/giants/navarro/navarro-01.html (898 words)

	Mojave River
		Later, the Old Spanish Trail and Salt Lake Trail joined up with the river near where Barstow is today.
		Desert indians used this as a trade route where water could easily be found on the way to and from the coast.
		The river winds down the canyon and seeps into the sand disappearing before it reaches Soda Lake near Baker.
	digital-desert.com /mojave-river (898 words)

	Map of the Old Spanish Trail, 1846
		In late 1841, the Rowland-Workman expedition was the first group consisting largely of emigrants to enter California from an eastern-based land route by traveling on the Old Spanish Trail.
		From its origins in the Spanish colonial era through its Mexican-era uses for commerce and emigration, the Old Spanish Trail is significant in the history of today’s American Southwest.
		Some sections were used in the 18th-century by Spanish expeditions for trade and the movement of Native American Indian slaves.
	www.homesteadmuseum.org /family/mapost.htm (499 words)

	Utah History To Go - Rivera Expedition (1763)
		Although Rivera had found neither gold nor European villages, he had discovered an excellent ford later used by the Old Spanish Trail, and he had documented a portion of the route that was followed eleven years later by Dominguez and Escalante.
		After Rivera's return to Santa Fe from the north in July 1765, New Mexican Tomas Velez de Cachupin, who fathered a policy, in David Weber's words, of "trade, fair treatment, and alliances," sought to learn more of the region to the north.
		As a symbol of discovery, conquest, and Spanish sovereignty, Rivera left a large cross with an inscription.
	historytogo.utah.gov /rivera.html (499 words)

	Texas Treasures - Jose Antonio Navarro - Texas State Library
		Acting without congressional approval, Lamar envisioned the creation of a trade route that would allow Texas part of the revenue from the Santa Fe trail, plus the opportunity to persuade the New Mexicans to join the Republic of Texas.
		Navarro came of age during a time in which San Antonio was a hotbed of revolution against Spanish rule, and the scene of continuing bloody clashes between the Spanish army and Mexican rebels.
		Navarro wrote articles and a book in which he set the record straight about the contributions of the Tejanos to Texas independence, pointing out that the citizens of Bexar and elsewhere were fighting for Texas freedom 25 years before the Alamo.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /treasures/giants/navarro/navarro-01.html (499 words)

	AllRefer.com - Santa Fe Trail (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		The Santa Fe National Historic Trail (see National Parks and Monuments (table) follows the route of the old trail, with many sites marked or restored.
		Santa Fe Trail, important caravan route of the W United States, extending c.780 mi (1,260 km) from Independence, Mo., SW to Santa Fe, N.Mex. Independence and Westport, Mo., were the chief points where wagons, teams, and supplies were obtained.
		small trapping parties had reached Santa Fe, then under Spanish rule; but they were forbidden to trade.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SntFeT.html (499 words)

	MSN Encarta - Santa Fe Trail
		Santa Fe Trail, overland route, extending from western Missouri to Santa Fe, in present-day New Mexico, and used mainly for trade.
		Other trails that were connected to the Santa Fe Trail included the Old Spanish Trail, which linked Santa Fe to Los Angeles, and the El Camino Real, which connected Santa Fe to Mexico City.
		Soon many traders were traveling the Santa Fe Trail.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566262/Santa_Fe_Trail.html (318 words)

	AllRefer.com - Santa Fe Trail (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		The Santa Fe National Historic Trail (see National Parks and Monuments (table) follows the route of the old trail, with many sites marked or restored.
		Santa Fe Trail, important caravan route of the W United States, extending c.780 mi (1,260 km) from Independence, Mo., SW to Santa Fe, N.Mex. Independence and Westport, Mo., were the chief points where wagons, teams, and supplies were obtained.
		small trapping parties had reached Santa Fe, then under Spanish rule; but they were forbidden to trade.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SntFeT.html (318 words)

	Fort St. Joseph
		Its site on the juncture of the Great Sauk Trail (a major east-west trade route) and the St. Joseph River was also near the Kankakee River portage, a link in the water route from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River.
		This writer's pet theory is that Fort St. Joseph continued on as an English/American settlement well after the "Spanish Raid" and the end of the American Revolution.
		Fort St. Joseph originated as part of the French government's response to the Iroquois Wars of the late 17th century.
	www.nwta.com /couriers/3-96/StJo.html (1563 words)

	Old San Antonio Road biography .ms
		The Old San Antonio Road mostly parallels Louisiana State Highway 6 for the entirety of its route through that state.
		In 1915 the State of Texas and the Daughters of the American Revolution funded a project to mark the trail with granite boulders every five miles.
		During the time that Texas was a Spanish, then Mexican, state, the road was used as a major thoroughfare between Mexico City and the entire state of Texas.
	old-san-antonio-road.biography.ms (1563 words)

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