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Topic: Old Turkic

	Old Turkic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Turkic language spoken by the Göktürks and used on the Orkhon inscriptions.
		The earliest linguistic records are Old Turkic inscriptions, found near the Orhon River in Mongolia and the Yenisey River valley in south-central Russia, which date from the 8th century AD.
		Old Turkic is closely related to the ancient Uyghur language, and also some Siberian Turkic languages like the Chulym language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Turkic (141 words)

	TATAR ROOTS
		Thus, sagai~saka~sak is a Turkic word, which has passed into the ethnonym of one of Scyth tribes, and was accepted by Persians as their common ethnonym.
		In Turkic: saga - Turkic ethnonym, -dar-lar is the plural affix; Sagadar is ‘Sags’.
		In Turkic skolot consists of the part isky-sko, -lo is an affix of possession, -t is a second affix of possession.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/tatar/tatar-origin.html (9947 words)

	[No title]
		Old Turkic sources knew elements of what would become the Cuman-Qipcaq tribal union as Qibcaq and perhaps other names.
		These terms are usually viewed as renderings of Turkic qu < *qub or similar forms meaning "bleich, gelblich, gelbraun, fahl." A variety of sources equate them, in turn, with the Qangli, one of the names by which the easternmost, Central Eurasian branch of the Cuman-Qipcaq confederation was known.
		The inter-tribal lingua franca of the confederation, however, became a distinct dialect of Turkic that we term Qipcaq, a language reflected in several dialects in the Codex Cumanicus.
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/2CUMANIC.html (3951 words)

	Carrie Eurasia Collection •• Carrie Avrasya Öbeği
		The old man leading the prayer called out by the name the prominent large and small mountains and rivers, turning from the east to the south, west, north and again to the east, and for each of them the prayers raised boiled meat, waved chilpag, sprinkled vine, and bowed.
		After the ritual of revering Tengri and treating of mountains and rivers, they ate the meat of the lamb, drank araka, and burnt on the first fire the meat of the sacrificed lamb, together with guts, skin and bones, until nothing was left.
		The old Moon died, a new one was born, and together with Her a new life, new cycle, new round was born, and so on indefinitely.
	vlib.iue.it /carrie/cec/OLD_TURK_DEITIES.shtml (10104 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Its antecedent is the Ottoman Turkish language, which developed from the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language (13th-15th century) of the Seljuq Turks, the first Turkish conquerors of Anatolia (11th century).
		The Arabic script was generally used by all Turkic peoples writing Turkic languages until the early 1920s, when the Latin script began to be introduced to the Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union.
		One notable characteristic of the Turkic languages is vowel harmony.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Languages.Turkic.shtm (614 words)

	Orkhon script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Orkhon script (also spelled Orhon script) is the earliest known Turkic alphabet.
		This similarity is superficial, however, since all alphabetic scripts used for incision in hard surfaces show this tendency (see Old Italic alphabets for other examples).
		Vasil'iev, Korpus tiurkskikh runicheskikh pamyatnikov Bassina Eniseya [Corpus of the Turkic Runic Monuments of the Yenisei Basin], Leningrad: USSR Academy of Science, 1983
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Turkic_alphabet (478 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Altaic theory to be questioned:
		Linguists usually consider the Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic languages, often referred to as micro-Altaic, as the principal members of this group; some scholars also include Korean and Japanese, referred to as macro-Altaic.
		Or Japanese and Korean 'kan' which means offical is equal to Turkic and Mongolian 'qaan'; Japanese Murasaki (related to Mur) and Turkic 'Mor' (both mean purple), Japanese 'aji' which is exactly as Turkic word 'aji'.
		Old Turkic word 'tepe' is 'teppen' in Japanese, Japanese 'yama' is Turkic 'yamaq' or 'yama' and a lot of other words that can make us think about this issue again.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=12283 (2963 words)

	Wikinfo \| Turkic languages
		Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are used by a variety of people distributed in a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China.
		Turkic languages are agglutinative and also have special phonetic feature called synharmonism.
		Various elements have passed to Turkic languages especially from Chinese, Persian and Arabic languages and various elements from Turkic languages have been carried as far as Southeastern Asia, Northernmost territories of Russia and even Northern America.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Turkic_languages (222 words)

	Rasho Rashev - On the origin of the Proto-Bulgarians (1992)
		It is that the Turkic linguistic remains and elements of material culture represent exclusively the language and the culture of the Proto-Bulgarian military-administrative and clan leadership.
		Especially indicative is the evidence regarding the old Turkic remains in the Bulgarian language.
		An indirect indication could be the Turkic language of the Danubian Proto-Bulgarians, reflected in the Namelist of the Bulgarian rulers, in the Byzantine chroniclers and in the Bulgarian stone inscriptions.
	kroraina.com /bulgar/rashev.html (5042 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Turkic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Turkic languages - a family of languages spoken by numerous nationalities in Russia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Transcaucasia, Turkey, by parts of the population in Iran, Afganistan, Mongolia, China, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Albania.
		According to some researchers, the Turkic languages belong to the Altaic family together with the Manchu-Tungus and the Mongolian languages.
		Texts in the Old Tatar literary language based on the Arabic script have survived beginning from the 13th century.
	www.belti.msk.ru /peoples/eng_tjurk.html (161 words)

	An Important Old Turki Manuscript in the John Rylands Library. By The Rev. Alphonse Mingana, D.D.
		Of the old Uighur language of the semi-Mongols who inhabited the South-western parts of Manchuria, little is known, owing to the scarcity of inscriptions and of historical and literary compositions referring with certainty to Eastern Mongolia.
		Of the language itself, of the conqueror; not many literary compositions are known to-day, and it is by the language of the conquered nations that their own history is to be sketched in its most striking lines.
		Between the old and imperfectly known language of the Kudatku Bilik poem, and the Chaghatai ancestral-tongue of the Osmanli-Turkish, there is an intermediary language which so far has not been very accurately studied in its general morphological features and in its distinct relations with the two dialects between which it keeps a juste milieu.
	answering-islam.org.uk /Books/Mingana/Turki/index.htm (2943 words)

	ONSNUMIS.ORG - Meeting of the Oriental Numismatic Society in Jena 17/18 April 1999
		The Old Turkic coins follow the principal design of the Chinese cash: a square hole in the center with inscriptions at its sides.
		The definition ‘Old Turkic’ derives from the names and titles which appear in the legends.
		The relatively low number of Turkic coins found in Soghd, Chach and Ferghana is due to the chronological limits of this coinage - it was terminated by the Arab conquest of Mawara¦annahr and the consequent introduction of new kinds of coins.
	www.onsnumis.org /news/jena99.shtml (3911 words)

	The Literary Year in Turkey Early Summer Complainer Turkey and Calligraphy Koumiss Farm: Traditional Turkic Culture on ...
		It is generally Turkish calligraphers who are sought to write the inscriptions on mosques, palaces and other monumental structures built in the Islamic world, and similarly it is usually Korans penned by Turkish calligraphers that are chosen for facsimile editions to be distributed in Muslim countries.
		Turkic culture, which has its roots in Central Asia, has revitalized in all of its glory in KemalpaŸa, Izmir.
		Central Asia, which was the original homeland of the Turkic race, has allowed many Turkic clans such as the Caucasians, Azeris, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs and Chechens to live on its sparsely covered land.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=1909 (2481 words)

	TURKIC
		Bibliography, problems, and methods of research in the field of Turkic studies for advanced students of Turkish/Turkic languages, including readings in those languages on the languages, literatures, and ethnography of past and present Turkic peoples.
		Classification of the Turkic languages; alphabets used; phonology, morphology, and syntax; lexical composition; structure changing developments.
		Introduction to Runic script; phonology, morphology, and syntax of the oldest form of Turkic; reading and translation of eighth-century inscriptions of historical and literary importance.
	www.washington.edu /students/crscat/turkic.html (709 words)

	Birgit N (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Old Turkic epics, for example, are rendered and modified in younger versions specific to particular population groups.
		They could as well have originated from migrating western Turkic tribes or – alternatively, as some scholars have suggested – they were western tribes deported eastward some time during the first centuries of the second millennium, e.g.
		The first version of the Karakalpak alphabet from February 1994, was adopted independently of the first post-independence Uzbek alphabet, the law on which had been passed by the Uzbek Parliament five months earlier.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /salrc/afghanistan/lgpolicy/SCHLYTER3pgs.htm (1601 words)

	Battles Described In the Orkhun Monuments - History Forum
		He tells us that even tough the Türgish were also a Turkic Budun, they didn't join the Gokturks and their qaghan, his attendants and his chieftains were killed.
		When he was 26 years old, he marched on the Qirqiz, and after crossing the Kögmen Forest, his forces attacked the Qirqiz camp at night.
		He was able to slay two enemy warriors with his spear (or lance, since the Turkic name sanch must have meant spear or lance, which was a better cavalry weapon) and the Qarluqs were defeated.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=212 (3849 words)

	Karaim Turks of Lithuania - Turkish Daily News Mar 16, 2006
		He considered this interpretation to be a continuation of the old Jewish tradition and himself to be a successor to the Essenes of Qumran.
		Thus, the Old Testament should be interpreted individually and independently, without reference to authorities and with the Ten Commandments as the moral norms.
		According to some, this central message explains the name of the sect, and the word "karaim" is believed to derive from the Hebrew word “karaa,” to read, which may thus refer to the fact that they only accept the written word.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=38284 (1882 words)

	Hazaristan (Afghanistan)
		The poster shows flags of Turkic origin, as well as a series of postage stamps of a similar theme which were published nearly at the same time.
		The postage stamps series shows several flags of old origin, old Turkic states, which are shown with modern design flags.
		Possibly the flags on that poster also are Turkic fantasy, as they show flags of states or areas claimed in one or another way by Turkey, and the flags are in quite modern Turkic manner/design.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/af-hazar.html (1137 words)

	Origin and History of Karaims
		This is then seminomadism, characteristic of many Turkic peoples in the transitory period of their history.
		This is related to a characteristic particularity of the Turkic nomads, namely to their religious indifference.
		Such an explanation, determining the adoption of the Old Testament as a result of a certain political game of the Khazarian court, given the rivalry between Byzantine and Arabic influences, does indeed provide the solution to the question.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/karhist.htm (3897 words)

	LINGUIST List 10.189: Turkic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		TURKIC LANGUAGES aims at presenting work of current interest on a variety of subjects and thus welcomes contributions on all aspects of Turkic language studies.
		TURKIC LANGUAGES is published in one vo-lume of two issues per year with approximately 300 pages.
		TURKIC LANGUAGES is devoted to descriptive, comparative, synchronic, diachronic, theoretical and methodological problems of linguistic Turcology including questions of genetic, typological and areal relations, linguistic variation and language acquisition.
	linguistlist.org /issues/10/10-189.html (673 words)

	Alyilmaz - ON THE BUGUT INSCRIPTION AND MAUSOLEUM COMPLEX - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		The Bugut inscription is one of the old Turkic inscriptions found in Mongolia.
		Mountain located in the Bayn Tsagaan Gol (The Sacred White Lake) region within the Arhangay Aymag and is one of the Turkic cultural and civic monuments among others in the mausoleum complex which dates back to the First Köktürk Kaganate and constructed on the valley 10 km away from the Bugut Mountain in the East.
		The Old Turkic Inscriptions are very important due to the fact that they have brought up to date valuable informations about languages, history, literatures, life styles, believes, perspectives, and esthetics of the Turks.
	www.transoxiana.org /Eran/Articles/alyilmaz.html (2326 words)

	LINGUIST List 13.1930: Adjectives & Adverbs, Old Turkish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The project, financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, was initiated and is led by Marcel Erdal and Jost Gippert in Frankfurt, by Klaus Roehrborn in Goettingen and by Peter Zieme at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences; Jakob Taube, Zekine Oezertural, Irina Nevskaya, Michael Knueppel and Ralf Gehrke have worked at it.
		The project is now drawing close to its completion in its present form; the symposium will deal with the presentation of results, with linguistic, philological and technical problems encountered and with the solutions proposed to these problems, with issues raised during the project and with the outlook for future cooperation in this field.
		The symposium is to take place on the 20-21 of September, 2002, at the Institute of Turcology of the J.W. Goethe University at Frankfurt a.M. Please inform us concerning your participation and the topic of your lecture in case you plan to present any by the 30th of July.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/13/13-1930.html (561 words)

	Turkic Languages Course Listings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Survey of history of Turkic and Mongolian dominions from the 3rd century B.C. to A.D. 19th century (Hsiung-nu, Hsien-pi, Juan-Juan, T'u-Chueh, Uyghur, Khitan, Karakhanid, Seljuq, Kara-Khitay, Khorazmian, Jengiz-Khanite).
		Required of students in Turkic program and recommended for students in Soviet studies.
		History of Turkic: developments in phonemic, grammatical, and lexical systems from the 8th to 20th century.
	www.registrar.ucla.edu /Catalog/catalog05-07-6-44.htm (582 words)

	FinnoUgrians
		The branching of Turkic is rather recent, so many of their languages are understandable by others, however there is an old Turkic dialect that survived in Eastern Europe called Chuvash, which had many early interactions with the local Finno Ugrian languages.
		According to some (*) old** Slavic Chronicles the Ephtalite "White" Huns were claimed to be white skinned, living in towns and cities and had their own alphabet, rather than being the typical "nomads" and the often used and abused term "barbarian", which at that time only meant foreigner or non-city dweller in Latin.
		One of the Turkic tribes, which did survive and which is quite unique among Turkic languages in its phonetics, and even in its vocabulary is Chuvash.
	users.cwnet.com /millenia/FinnoUgrians.htm (12020 words)

	The Alekseev Manuscript - Chapter VII: Bronze Age in Eurasia
		Turkic is a complicated language and is found in pockets in the Caucasus, the Volga Valley, Central Asia including Xingjiang, southern and central Siberia, and in Turkey.
		Thus, as per Arutiunov, the Bulgarian language was Turkic; the Turkic language was then assimilated by the Slavic populations and thus became Indo-European.
		The Turkic language family, as per Alexeev, and the Turkic language as per HOLLIS exhibited a direct relationship, and with Arutiunov adding the finer points, the Turkic language appears to be reaching a point of resolution.
	www.drummingnet.com /alekseev/ChapterVII.html (12823 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (City: Tmutarakan) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was the administrative and political center of the area throughout Khazar times and during the old Rus period (until the end of the 12th century).
		It was an old Hellenistic center which had a long tradition -- over 1,500 years, -- of uninterrupted cultural activity.
		The first center of Slavic literary activity in eastern Europe was the old Hellenistic center of Tmutarakan.
	members.aol.com /bksmyre/City_Tmutarakan.html (534 words)

	[No title]
		Forecasting the future is a risky undertaking, especiallypredicting economic, political and social trends of a country or a groupof countries.
		Nevertheless, extrapolating current tendencies into the futureand trying to foresee their possible implications is a perfectly acceptableway of expanding the scope of our understanding of the world’s future.What developments are likely in the Turkic community of nations withinthe coming decades?..
		The advancement of pan-Turkism is crucial to both thenew Turkic states that have been created by the collapse of the USSR andto Turkic minorities within such nations as Russia and China.
	members.tripod.com /tatargazeta/eng_index.html (1189 words)

	languagehat.com: Comment on PARADICSOM.
		There are a lot of Turkic loanwords in Hungarian; my etymological note says simply "from Old Turkic," so I don't have any details for you.
		The Magyars adopted the horse culture from the steppe Turkic tribes, along with the vocabulary.
		Another source of Turkic terms in Hungarian are words such as the dog names "puli" and "komondor" and a few local dialect terms that derive from the Cuman language, which was spoken east of Budapest in the "Kun" regions until the mid 1700s.
	www.languagehat.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=1925 (1645 words)

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