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Topic: Oldowan

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	Oldowan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Oldowan is an anthropological designation for an industry of stone tools used by prehistoric hominid s in the very early Paleolithic.
		The Oldowan industry is named after the site in the Oldoway (Olduvai) Gorge in Africa from which the first such artifacts were found.
		These were not weapons and the architects of the Oldowan industry were not yet a match for prehistoric predators.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Oldowan.html (360 words)

	Paleoanthropology Oldowan - Wikibooks
		The archaeological evidence indicates that Oldowan hominids ate meat.
		Others think the Oldowan hominids would have been unable to capture large mammals because they were too small and too poorly armed.
		Oldowan toolmakers brought stones from sources several kilometers away and cached them at a number of locations within the group's territory.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Paleoanthropology_Oldowan (1777 words)

	AN APE
		However, the Oldowan did include two specific behavioral patterns that, while still within the ape adaptive grade, are almost unknown for modern apes and which point in the direction of adaptations found later in hominid evolution.
		In the Oldowan assemblages from Olduvai Gorge there is a marked tendency of the smaller tools to be made of quartz and quartzite and for the larger tools to be made of lava (Leakey 1971; Ohel 1984).
		Oldowan foraging appears to have been that of a hominoid who lived in a semi-arid, open grassland habitat and who combined scavenging of carcasses and hunting of small game.
	web.uccs.edu /twynn/ApeOld.htm (6895 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Stone Age
		The Oldowan industry was named by British Kenyan anthropologists Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey for early archaeological sites found at Olduvai Gorge in northern Tanzania.
		Oldowan techniques of manufacture included hard-hammer percussion, or detaching flakes from cores with a stone hammer; the anvil technique, striking a core on a stationary anvil to detach flakes; and bipolar technique, detaching flakes by placing the core between an anvil and the hammerstone.
		Modern experiments have shown that sharp Oldowan flakes are especially useful for the processing of animal carcasses—for example, skinning, dismembering, and defleshing.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761555928__1/Stone_Age.html (7569 words)

	Encyclopedia: Oldowan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was once thought that Homo habilis was the first hominid to craft these tools, however Paranthropus robustus also seems to have founded this crude industry, though to a less sophisticated degree (and probably later).
		Homo erectus also used the Oldowan tool case (or Oldawan, for later instances), but moved beyond it to more sophisticated tools and weapons during its tenure on Earth.
		Whole dens filled with fossilized remains of Homo habilis skeletons (among other prehistoric prey) that were eaten by prehistoric cats have been excavated and identified by scientists.Â¹ Families 13, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Oldowan (711 words)

	Oldowan - Wikipedia
		Sie wurden erstmals in den 1960er Jahren von Mary Leakey beschrieben.
		Oldowan Geräte sind in Afrika kennzeichnend für das Early Stone Age, aber auch aus der Altsteinzeit Europas bekannt.
		Typisch für das Oldowan ist die Verwendung von Geröllen, denen mit wenigen Schlägen eine scharfe Kante beigebracht wurde.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oldowan (177 words)

	untitled1.html
		All the Oldowan choppers and flakes strike one as extremely practical implements; many are so individual in design that they seem haphazard artifacts, not standardized in the way later Stone Age tools were.
		Another viewpoint argues that the Oldowan hominids were at an apelike grade of behavior, on the grounds that all the conceptual abilities and perceptions needed to manufacture Oldowan tools also appear in ape-manufactured tools like termite-fishing tools and sleeping platforms.
		Second, the Oldowan humans were adapted to savanna living, where they had to organize and cover far larger territories in open country than their primate relatives in the forest.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/origins/koobi/oldowan.html (1278 words)

	Oldowan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Oldowan is an anthropological designation for an industry of stone tools used by prehistoric hominids in the very early Paleolithic.
		Homo erectus also used the Oldowan tool case (or Oldawan, for later instances), but innovated beyond it to more sophisticated tools and weapons during its tenure on Earth.
		Whole dens filled with fossilized remains of Homo habilis skeletons (among other prehistoric prey) that were eaten by prehistoric cats have been excavated and identified by scientists.¹
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Oldowan (343 words)

	MATTERS OF THE RECORD:
		Oldowan assemblages comprise manuports, hammerstones, simple cores and unmodified flakes, and their characteristics are crudeness and opportunistic forms.
		In fact, there are no tool types in the Oldowan Industry, since the artefacts are crudely made without regular form, thus suggesting that they were mainly the debris left behind from rook-smashing activities whose main focus was to produce sharp flakes.
		This technology was useful for scavenging activities, since the cores allowed to break long bones for accessing their marrow content, and the juxtaposition of gnawing marks and tool-produced scratches on bones suggests that some of the flakes were used for dismemberment of carcasses after the bones were gnawed by flesh-eating carnivores (Capaldo, 1997; Selvaggio, 1998).
	www.igme.es /internet/museo/investigacion/paleontologia/invesceno2/orce3.htm (8039 words)

	Week6
		Oldowan tools are also called pebble tools and are little more than water worn cobbles that have had a few flakes struck off them to produce a sharp edged tool.
		Oldowan Tools were first discovered by Louis and Mary Leakey in 1959 at Olduvai Gorge.
		The result of this development is known as the Acheulian hand ax, which is a symmetrical, edged, pointed tool that is bifacially flaked (flaked on both sides).
	www.ucs.mun.ca /~jerwin/Week6.html (1903 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Oldowan Tools
		Scientists call these tools and the technique used to make them Oldowan, after the site of Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, where many have been unearthed.
		Oldowan toolmaking involved hitting one palm-sized cobblestone against another.
		This process created large, sharp-edged core tools capable of breaking bones and slicing meat or vegetation, and smaller flakes that could scrape hides and sharpen wooden sticks.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461546943_761555928_-1_1/Oldowan_Tools.html (88 words)

	Oldowan industry -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Oldowan tools, made of quartz, quartzite, or basalt, are chipped in two directions to form simple, rough implements for chopping, scraping, or cutting.
		The industry is associated with early hominids, such as Homo habilis and possibly also Australopithecus robustus, and has been found at Olduvai Gorge (from which its name derives), Lake Turkana (see Lake Turkana remains), and the Afar region of Ethiopia.
		Oldowan tools were made for nearly 1.5 million years before the emergence of the Acheulean industry.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?tocId=9373982&query=healthcare%20industry&ct= (811 words)

	Evolution: Library: Dexterity and Early Tools
		The Oldowan stone tools from Hadar, Ethiopia, are among the oldest known, dating back 2.3 million years.
		But those tools, known as Oldowan because they were first found in Africa's Olduvai Gorge, also reflect some subtle but important advances in thinking that are beyond the abilities of even the smartest chimps.
		For example, only human ancestors, not chimps, showed the ability to choose the best fine-grained rocks to use, and to understand where and at what angle to strike the core stone to produce a sharp flake.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/07/4/l_074_01.html (676 words)

	Evolution of Primates
		Oldowan tools are characterized by a lack of standardization, that is, they are fabricated for function with relatively little stereotyping in form.
		The apparent living area inside and outside the circle is littered with Oldowan tools and fragments of animal bones, suggesting that the structure might have been a temporary shelter, perhaps skin or grass supported by upright branches anchored in part by piles of stones.
		The Acheulean Industrial Complex is distinguished from the Oldowan by an ability to strike large flakes, a standardization of artifact form, and by a high level of manual skill.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~bramblet/ant301/thirteen.html (10783 words)

	Oldowan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Oldowan is an anthropological designation for anindustry of stone tools used by prehistoric hominids in the very early Paleolithic.
		The Oldowan industry is named after the site in the Oldoway (Olduvai) Gorge in Africa fromwhich the first such artifacts were found.
		These were not weapons and thearchitects of the Oldowan industry were not yet a match for prehistoric predators.
	www.therfcc.org /oldowan-23593.html (372 words)

	LUCS 122: Oldowan culture and the evolution of anticipatory cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Oldowan culture and the evolution of anticipatory cognition
		Oldowan culture and the evolution of anticipatory cognitionLund University Cognitive Studies, 126.
		We argue for the co-evolution of early anticipatory cognition and the Oldowan cultural niche.
	www.lucs.lu.se /Abstracts/LUCS_Studies/LUCS122.html (150 words)

	Paleoanthropology Acheulean Technology - Wikibooks
		For another 100,000 to 400,000 years, Oldowan tools continued to be the top-of-the-line implements for early Homo ergaster/erectus.
		The purpose of the two-sided, or bifacial, method was to change the shape of the core from essentially round to flattish, for only with a flat stone can one get a decent cutting edge.
		Exactly what, if anything, these implements could accomplish that the simple Oldowan flakes, choppers and scrapers that preceded them could not is unknown, although perhaps they conferred a better means of butchering.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Paleoanthropology_Acheulean_Technology (1498 words)

	!WEB\A01\Week7a
		Oldowan tools are very simple, slightly modified from their original cobble form.
		The tools were made from rounded stone cobbles which were modified by having one or two pieces of stone (known as flakes) knocked off one or two sides of the stone.
		Earth stratum from which the Oldowan tools was recovered was covered by a layer of volcanic ash and debris.
	www.scar.utoronto.ca /~latta/A01/Week7a.html (523 words)

	Oldowan -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was once thought that (Extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics) Homo habilis was the first hominid to innovate these tools, however (Former classification for Australopithecus robustus) Paranthropus robustus also seems to have innovated this crude industry, though to a less sophisticated degree (and probably later).
		The first Oldowan tools found date back to about (Click link for more info and facts about 2.4 million years ago) 2.4 million years ago.
		Whole dens filled with fossilized remains of Homo habilis (The internal supporting structure that gives an artifact its shape) skeletons (among other prehistoric prey) that were eaten by prehistoric (Feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and being unable to roar; domestic cats; wildcats) cats have been excavated and identified by scientists.¹
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/O/Ol/Oldowan.htm (354 words)

	Tool Industries
		The Oldowan assemblage is the oldest of the stone tool cultures, most closely associated with Homo habilis, and at dated 2 to 1 million years before the present.
		The Oldowan culture was simple and unspecialized resulting in many all-purpose types of tools which were used for such things as cutting meat, skins or wood, scrapping hide, or whittling bone and wood into other tools.
		Tools of this industry are more specialized then the general all-purpose implements of the Oldowan culture and, while choppers did not disappear overnight, they were not used as widely as the new, more specialized implements (some erectus populations did continue to rely on the earlier pebble-chopper industry).
	www.adonde.com.pe /fundacion5000/Tool.htm (1298 words)

	Acheulean Gallery
		Developed Oldowan assemblages mainly consist of relatively simple tools like that of the earlier "Oldowan", but with generally a higher percentage of spheroids, and in addition low numbers of bifacial tools.
		Developed Oldowan handaxes: these are made from river cobbles, generally smaller, relatively thicker and less elongated than the Acheulean handaxes, and display much more secondary flaking.
		It suggests that the differentiation between Acheulean and Developed Oldowan represents different activity facies in different landscape units, as opposed to being the tool-kits of different ‘types’ of hominines such as some workers still maintain.
	home.wanadoo.nl /marco.langbroek/acheul.html (2020 words)

	Read about Oldowan at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Oldowan and learn about Oldowan here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Oldowan industry is named after the site in the
		Africa in which the first such artifacts were found.
		Paranthropus robustus also seems to have innovated this crude industry, though to a less sophisticated degree (and probably later).
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Oldowan (392 words)

	Oldowan industry -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The tools are made of pebbles of quartz, quartzite, or basalt and are chipped in two directions to form simple, rough, all-purpose tools capable of chopping, scraping, or cutting.
		More results on "Oldowan industry" when you join.
		Olduvai Gorge has been a rich source of Oldowan tools, where they are found in several levels of Bed I, often in association with animal fossils.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9056996?tocId=9056996 (757 words)

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