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Topic: Olfaction and reproduction

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glomerulus olfaction

Olfaction and reproduction

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	Techniques in horse reproduction, Sexual behavior of the stallion and mare.
		During the phase of the estrous cycle that immediately precedes ovulation (follicular phase) mares accept breeding by a stallion, and during that time, their behavior is characterized by several distinct behaviors.
		What mixture of vision and olfaction are important in seeking mares from a distance is not known, but probably both play some role.
		Winking of the clitoris by an estrous mare, coupled with her elevated tail, is probably a visual sign that heightens sexual excitement in stallions, although it is difficult to separate these specific signs from the whole-body attitude of an estrous mare.
	www.hullhorsehaven.com /equinereproduction.html (2720 words)

	Gemini No.1 January 1998
		Olfaction is of major importance for the survuval of insects, the real experts on the sense of smell.
		The biological importance of olfaction is closely linked to eating, drinking, sex and memory.
		The research on olfaction has enjoyed several breakthroughs, not least because of developments of new methods in neurophysiology, bio-chemistry and molecular biology.
	www.ntnu.no /gemini/1998-01E/30.html (2403 words)

	Olfaction and Pheromones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It may be because this system is so complicated that olfaction is the only sense to go directly to the cerebral cortex without synapsing in the thalamus (Fox 1999).
		Research on this area of olfaction has shown that the microvilli contain some unknown receptor proteins which appear to function with their epithelial cells in a much different way (Goldberg et al 20000.
		Research on the accessory olfaction system has shown that it seems to function as a receptor for certain chemicals which maybe released by other individuals in the area.
	academic.evergreen.edu /curricular/hhd2001/Pheromones.htm (1345 words)

	Endotext.com - Endocrinology Of Male Reproduction, Chapter 5
		The onset of puberty is marked by sleep-entrained reactivation of the reproductive axis characterized by a striking increase in the amplitude of LH pulses with a lesser change in frequency (4).
		HH may also present after completion of puberty resulting in a disruption in reproductive function in adulthood characterized by decreased libido, impotence and oligo- or azoospermia (14).
		As a result of a number of exciting advances in the area of assisted reproductive technology (ART), couples who would previously have been offered donor insemination or adoption are now achieving pregnancies despite persistent severe impairments in sperm count and/or quality after hormonal therapy.
	www.endotext.org /male/male5/male5.htm (6873 words)

	Penn State - Bioinformatics Group
		Most of these seem to involve genes related to reproduction, immunity and olfaction, suggesting that these physiological systems have been the focus of extensive lineage-specific innovation in rodents.
		Certain classes of secreted proteins implicated in reproduction, host defence and immune response seem to be under positive selection, which drives rapid evolution.
		Despite marked differences in the activity of transposable elements between mouse and human, similar types of repeat sequences have accumulated in the corresponding genomic regions in both species.
	globin.cse.psu.edu /courses/fall2003/headlines.html (943 words)

	Physiologie de la Reproduction - INRA - Publications 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Reproductive period affects lipid composition and quality of fresh and stored spermatozoa in turkeys.
		Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 1 (1), 64 (http:/www.RBEj.com/content/I/I/64) (PMID: 14585104).
		Olfaction and the development of social behavior in neonatal mammals.
	www.tours.inra.fr /prc/internet/publications/publis2003/publi2003.htm (5595 words)

	ScienceDaily: The Brain Is Broadly Wired For Reproduction
		In their studies, the researchers found neural circuits that coordinate a complex interplay between neurons that control reproduction and brain areas that carry the neural signals triggered by odorant molecules and those triggered by pheromones, chemical signals produced by animals.
		Olfactory System Detects Pheromones That Control Reproduction (November 10, 2005) -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) researchers have discovered that pheromones essential for mating behavior in mice are recognized by the nose and not by the vomeronasal system, as researchers...
		Olfaction -- Olfaction, the sense of odor (smell), is the detection of chemicals dissolved in air (or in water, by animals that live under water).
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/11/051112122131.htm (2563 words)

	Olfaction is uniquely a "dual" sense
		By Cell Press, Researchers have presented the first clear evidence that olfaction is uniquely a "dual" sense, in that the brain perceives the same odorant molecule differently if it arrives through the nose rather than the mouth.
		In the August 18, 2005, issue of Neuron, researchers report that the smell of chocolate activated different brain regions according to whether the odor was introduced into the olfactory system through the mouth or through the nose.
		To begin to penetrate the neural cause of olfaction's duality, the researchers devised the first experiments to directly compare the same odorants introduced through the nose and the mouth.
	www.rxpgnews.com /research/neurosciences/article_2085.shtml (851 words)

	Experts List
		Molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of olfaction and odor-guided behavior.
		Reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization, embryo culture and gene expression for embryo development in livestock.
		Origin of maize and risks of GMO maize in its center of origin; crop science; statistics; genetics; botany; the breeding and genetics of corn to improve...
	www.ncsu.edu /univ_relations/expertsonline/search.php?subject=Genetics (133 words)

	FuturePundit: December 2002 Archives
		Six weeks after her brother Adam was born--he was genetically selected and tissue-typed from 15 embryos to match her--his umbilical cord blood was infused into her and she is now reported to be a thriving, healthy little girl.
		relatively little reproductive technology legislation enacted on either the state or federal level (though many bills have been introduced and interest continues to run high).
		Only a handful of states have enacted reproductive technology legislation and, with the exception of legislation aimed at reproductive cloning (see Table 1)3, most focus solely on record keeping and physician involvement in artificial insemination4.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/2002_12.html (19042 words)

	Mackay Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Odor-guided behavior is essential for the survival and reproduction of most species.
		In vertebrates, nematodes, and insects large gene families encoding G protein-coupled odorant receptors have been identified.
		A surprisingly large percentage of the genome is comprised of genes that mediate olfaction.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /genetics/mackay/tm54.html (147 words)

	Physiologie de la Reproduction - INRA - Publications 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Abstract Series N° 20, (Joint Meeting of the Society for the Study of Fertility and Société Française pour l'Etude de la Fertilité, December 1997, London) Abst.
		Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Abstract Series N° 20, (Joint Meeting of the Society for the Study of Fertility and Société Française pour l'Etude de la Fertilité, December 1997, London) Abst.76, p: 29.
		Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Abstract Series N° 20, (Joint Meeting of the Society for the Study of Fertility and Société Française pour l'Etude de la Fertilité, December 1997, London) Abst.91, p: 34.
	www.tours.inra.fr /prc/internet/publications/publi97.htm (7761 words)

	Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use: Procedures
		The rat has short hair, a long naked tail, rounded erect ears, protruding eyes, a pointed snout with long whisker (vibrissae) and five toes on each foot.
		Albino rats have poor eyesight and depend on facial vibrissae and olfaction for sensory input.
		The disease interferes with growth and reproduction in rats, and adversely impacts on studies of respiratory, ocular, olfactory and immune systems.
	www.jhu.edu /animalcare/rat.htm (3285 words)

	FuturePundit: Mouse Genome Sequenced
		Although the mouse and the human contain virtually the same set of genes, it seems that some families of genes have undergone expansion - or multiplied - in the mouse lineage.
		These involve genes related to reproduction, immunity and olfaction, suggesting that these physiological systems have been the focus of extensive innovation in rodents.
		Scientists do not yet know the reasons for this, but they speculate that a shorter generation time, changes in living environment, lack of verbal and visual cues, and differences in reproduction may account for this.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/000750.html (3385 words)

	Scientific American: Medicine Nobel Awarded for Elucidating Sense of Smell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Here, the information from the receptors generates a unique pattern, or fingerprint, for each scent, enabling humans to recognize and remember some 10,000 different odors.
		Other sensory systems appear to operate according to the same general principles that Buck and Axel discovered for olfaction: pheromones and taste buds both rely on other families of GPCR.
		Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000CEC6D-8265-1161-826583414B7F0000 (262 words)

	University of Chicago Hospitals: Scan of human genome reveals evidence of more than 700 recently evolving genes
		The team used the PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) Classification System to classify all the genes in the genome by their biological functions into 222 categories.
		In the paper, the researchers listed the top 16 categories that had the strongest signals, including olfaction (the sense of smell), reproduction-related processes and carbohydrate metabolism, which includes the lactase gene.
		Reproductive selection and sexual competition are systems that undergo adaptive evolution in many organisms, including throughout primate evolution, and signals of selection were found in all three populations, according to Pritchard.
	www.uchospitals.edu /news/2006/20060307-selection.html (936 words)

	Bird nests
		Blood-feeding nest mites can reduce the reproductive success of their hosts by slowing development or even killing chicks.
		More work is required to establish why the effects of nest mites on host reproductive success are so variable across studies.
		Common Waxbills are small African finches that select carnivore scat as a material to include in, on, and around their nests.
	people.eku.edu /ritchisong/birdnests.html (3864 words)

	Graduate School of Arts and Sciences--Biology
		Molecular and neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling reproductive and parental behaviors, ingestive behaviors and metabolism, and circadian rhythms in vertebrates.
		GRS BI 642 Physiology and Biochemistry of Reproduction
		Free-living, symbiotic and pathogenic unicellular eukaryotes: their taxonomy, distribution, structure, reproduction, life-cycles, metabolism, feeding, development, physiology, behavior, and use of experimental models in cell biology.
	www.bu.edu /bulletins/grs/item14.html (4950 words)

	ScienceDaily: Olfactory System Detects Pheromones That Control Reproduction
		Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers have discovered that pheromones essential for mating behavior in mice are recognized by the nose and not by the vomeronasal system, as researchers had long suspected.
		The Brain Is Broadly Wired For Reproduction (November 14, 2005) -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers have discovered a vast network of neurons in the brain of mice that governs reproduction and controls the effects of reproductive status on other brain...
		In vertebrates smells are sensed by the olfactory epithelium...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/11/051110221232.htm (2301 words)

	Hyposmia "for as long as I can remember" ... differential diagnosis
		A: Olfaction is the ability to smell; what you describe is, I suspect, diminished olfaction, or hyposmia (complete loss of olfaction is known as anosmia.) Hyposmia and anosmia are serious problems.
		At a minimum, they diminish the quality of life by impairing the sense of taste (which depends heavily on the sense of smell) and lessening the richness of the environment.
		Once again, the mechanisms whereby drugs may impair olfaction are unknown.
	www.doctorhoffman.com /xhypos.htm (663 words)

	The Berkeley Science Review: Read: Articles
		A female will typically stay in her nest permanently, and a male will visit when she is reproductively receptive.
		Once the babies are old enough, they disperse and build their own nests, either from scratch or by resurrecting and adding onto an abandoned one.
		The square pits once dug for populations of voles have seen recent use as chambers for insects in a study of interactions between parasites and their hosts.
	sciencereview.berkeley.edu /articles.php?issue=6&article=tilden (1611 words)

	MaRGA Meeting, 2004: Abstracts
		Affiliation: National Primate Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
		Marmosets and tamarins have a well-developed chemosensory system used for reproductive communication.
		They make use of both the main olfactory system (MOS) and the assessory olfactory system (AOS).
	www.unomaha.edu /~marga/program_2004/abstract_14.html (159 words)

	Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction
		For example, textbooks on reproductive physiology say that pheromonal modulation of reproductive behavior depends on these connections," said Dulac.
		Also, the researchers plan to explore how olfactory and vomeronasal neurons work together in mice to control reproductive behavior.
		Dulac said that extending the conclusions from their studies in mice to humans is "totally speculative, but extremely interesting.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-11/hhmi-osd111005.php (1039 words)

	Sea Turtle, Inc. - protection of Kemp's Ridley sea turtles
		Placing newly hatched loggerhead sea turtles in a circular experimental tank, Dr. Lohmann mechanically reversed the magnetic field, causing the turtles to swim in the opposite direction.
		David Owens of Texas AandM University likewise has made a strong case for turtles responding to a particular water chemistry through their sense of smell (olfaction).
		Yet, other biologists believe that sea turtles utilize celestial, or "star maps." Perhaps a combination of these theories explains how these turtles are able to navigate their way back home some 15 to 40 years after they hatched.
	www.seaturtleinc.com /turtles.html (928 words)

	Deficits in Reproduction and Pro-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Processing in Male Cpefat Mice -- Srinivasan et al. 145 ...
		Deficits in Reproduction and Pro-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Processing in Male Cpefat Mice -- Srinivasan et al.
		As obesity affects fertility (38), the reproductive competence
		olfaction (39, 40), this sense was tested at 90 d of age when
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/145/4/2023 (6379 words)

	Chimpanzee Genome Backgrounder - Broad
		Human and chimpanzee genes have accumulated virtually the same number of changes since our divergence.
		The most rapidly changing genes in humans include those involved in reproduction, olfaction and immunity.
		These are also the most rapidly changing genes in the chimpanzee, as well as mammals broadly.
	www.broad.mit.edu /news/links/chimp-backgrounder.html (1130 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| The dog and rat olfactory receptor repertoires
		This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
		Olfaction is one of the senses developed by animals during the course of evolution for communication with the external world, making it possible to identify prey and to avoid danger.
		The detection of volatile odorant molecules is a complicated process, the first step of which involves specific binding to specialized receptors.
	genomebiology.com /2005/6/10/R83 (4976 words)

	List of Publications
		Kalberer, W.D. and Erpino, M.J. Progesterone: effects on investigatory preferences, aggression and olfaction in orchidectomized, testosterone-treated mice.
		Soares, M.J. and Hoffmann, J.C. Role of daylength in the regulation of reproductive function in the male mongoose,
		Pituitary grafts alter the ability of testosterone to suppress LH and FSH release in castrated male hamsters.
	www2.kumc.edu /soalab/SoaresCV/list_of_publications.htm (2552 words)

	Mouse sequence published
		In fact, the number of mouse-specific genes is remarkably small - only about 300 or so (roughly the same number that humans have but mice do not).
		The genes unique to the mouse are probably involved in the animal's reproduction, immunity and olfaction - consistent with the importance of the sense of smell in the mouse world.
		Oddly, humans even seem to have the genes that, in mice, are used to make a tail.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTD003948.html (407 words)

	Lab 2, 2006
		Amygdala (AMY) - mediates aggression, emotion, olfaction, influences reproduction.
		connects the parts of the hippocampus and amygdala concerned with olfaction with one another
		Caudate Putamen/Nucleus Accumbens (CP & NA) - collectively known as the basal ganglia (along with other nuclei - they play a major role in movement and in diseases associated with movement).
	cda.mrs.umn.edu /~meeklesr/Lab2.html (905 words)

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