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Topic: Olfactory mucosa

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Olfactory epithelium

Olfactory system

Nose

Nasal cavity

Mucosa

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	Olfactory bulb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The olfactory bulb is a part of the brain that is a distinct outgrowth from the forebrain of mammals.
		The olfactory bulb receives direct input from olfactory nerve, made up of the axons from approximately ten million olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa, a region of the nasal cavity.
		Glomeruli are permeated by dendritic inputs to neurons known as mitral cells, which in turn output to the olfactory cortex.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Olfactory_bulb (280 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: BURMAN, DAWN
		Glutathione was significantly depleted in olfactory mucosa after one day of dietary exposure at 10 or 126 mg/kg/day (p=0.041 and 0.007, respectively) with a rebound in the high dose group 2-4 days thereafter.
		Olfactory mucosal ascorbate was significantly depleted after one day of treatment at all doses (p<0.05), possibly contributing to abnormal cell growth by disrupting normal expression of extracellular matrix proteins important for cell orientation.
		Levels of cytochrome P450 2A3, an enzyme in the olfactory mucosa hypothesized to participate in the bioactivation of alachlor, as well as a potential marker for oxidative stress, decreased (western blot) analysis in the olfactory mucosa of alachlor-treated rats.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?ucin1006204005 (334 words)

	Gazi Tıp Fakültesi - Gazi Medical Journal
		Despite the systematic immunoreaction on the olfactory epithelium, a weak immunostaining was detected in the fibers and fibroblast cytoplasm of Lp.
		Olfactory receptor neurons are continuously replaced postnatally through the initiation of division and terminal differentiation of progenitor cells located in the basal layer of OE.
		Expression of neu and neu differentiation factor in the olfactory mucosa of rat.
	www.med.gazi.edu.tr /gmj/immuno.html (1988 words)

	Nose - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Within and behind the nose is the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses.
		At the surface of the olfactory epithelium, odor molecules carried by the air contact olfactory receptor neurons which transduce the features of the molecule into electrical impulses in the brain.
		For this reason, the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla, is known to doctors as the danger triangle of the face.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Nose (405 words)

	Definition of Olfactory receptor neuron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Olfactory receptor neurons reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity.
		The cells are bipolar neurons with a dendrite facing the interior space of the nasal cavity and an axon that travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb.
		These cillia contain olfactory receptors, a type of G protein-coupled receptor, which are activated by binding to structures on the odor molecule, according to prevaling theory.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Olfactory_receptor_neuron (363 words)

	mucosa
		Age-related decline of lymphoid-tissue components in the oral mucosa of the lip, cheek and soft palate of Macaca fascicularis.
		Differentiation and aging of the intestinal mucosa of the rat.
		Quantitation of gastrin and somatostatin cell populations in the antral mucosa of the rat.
	www.arclab.org /node_pages/655.html (1357 words)

	biology - Olfactory nerve
		The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.
		The sense of smell (olfaction) arises from the stimulation of the olfactory receptors by activation from gas molecules that pass by the nose during respiration.
		The olfactory nerve is the shortest of all the twelve cranial nerves and only one of two cranial nerves (the other being the optic nerve) that do not join with the brainstem.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Olfactory_nerve (177 words)

	Inhibition of phosphodiesterase in olfactory mucosa - Patent 5525329
		PDE activity in homogenates of olfactory turbinates was assayed using 1.mu.M cAMP or 1.mu.M cGMP as substrate.
		It is a discovery of the present inventors that a calcium/calmodulin activated phosphodiesterase (CAM-PDE) is the predominant phosphodiesterase (PDE) in olfactory mucosa.
		Destruction of the olfactory bulb causes retrograde degeneration of olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa (Margolis et al.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5525329.html (5220 words)

	Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain - Inhalation Toxicology, (in press, 2004)
		The increases in olfactory bulbs are consistent with earlier studies in non-human primates and rodents which demonstrated that intranasally-instilled solid UFP translocate along axons of the olfactory nerve into the CNS.
		Their studies revealed that the olfactory nerve and olfactory bulbs are, indeed, portals of entry to the CNS for the intranasally-instilled ultrafine polio virus particles, which could subsequently be recovered from the olfactory bulbs.
		C measured in the olfactory bulb (30-40 ng, Table 1) was translocated along the olfactory neuronal route, this would mean that ~20% of the deposited amount on the olfactory mucosa was translocated to the olfactory bulb over the 7-day post-exposure period.
	www.mindfully.org /Health/2004/Nonoparticles-On-Brain2004.htm (5507 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The olfactory nerve is actually a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb and pass through the many openings of the cribriform plate in the ethmoid bone.
		These specialized sensory receptive parts of the olfactory nerve are then located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.
		During breathing air molecules attach to the olfactory mucosa and stimulate the olfactory receptors of cranial nerve I and electrical activity is transduced into the olfactory bulb.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn1.htm (102 words)

	Glucocorticoid Enhances Na+/K+ ATPase mRNA Expression in Rat Olfactory Mucosa during Regeneration: A Possible Mechanism ...
		corresponds to the apical knobs, cilia and dendrites of olfactory
		However, the number of layers of olfactory neurons of the dexamethasone-injected rats was the same as that of the control rats (6 or 7 layers).
		Robinson, A.M., Kern, R.C., Foster, J.D., Fong, K.J. and Pitovski, D.Z. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein in the olfactory mucosa: physiologic and pathophysiologic implications.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/1/13 (3530 words)

	Olfaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In vertebrates smells are sensed by the olfactory epithelium located in the nose and processed by the olfactory system.
		Mitral cells in the olfactory bulb send theinformation about the individual features to other parts of the olfactory system in the brain, which puts together the features into a representation of the odor.
		To detect pheromones many vertebrates have an auxiliary olfactory sense organcalled Jacobson's organ or the vomeronasal organ, located in the vomer, between the nose and the mouth.
	www.therfcc.org /olfaction-7567.html (535 words)

	Olfactory mucosa response in guinea pigs following intranasal instillation with Cryptococcus neoformans. A histological ...
		These were killed to evaluate the fate of the organisms and the response of the olfactory mucosa.
		The organisms, which manifested an affinity for the olfactory portion of the nasal cavities, were cleared from the olfactory space with no intervention from the immune system cells.
		In contrast, destruction of the olfactory epithelium with zinc sulfate allowed the invasion of the subepithelial tissues, demonstrating the role of the olfactory mucosa in preventing infection with Cryptococcus neoformans through the nasal route.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1994/nov/M94B0212.html (422 words)

	Cadmium-Metallothionein Interactions in the Olfactory Pathways of Rats and Pikes -- Tallkvist et al. 67 (1): 108 -- ...
		In the olfactory epithelium, the dendrites of the primary olfactory
		Gottofrey, J., and Tjälve, H. Axonal transport of cadmium in the olfactory nerve of the pike.
		Henriksson, J., Tallkvist, J., and Tjälve, H. Transport of manganese via the olfactory pathway in rats: Dosage-dependency of the uptake and subcellular distribution of the metal in the olfactory epithelium and the brain.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/67/1/108 (3125 words)

	Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To overcome these difficulties it is possible to collect an easily accessible nervous tissue in living individuals: the olfactory mucosa located at the back of the nasal cavity.
		The olfactory mucosa is a reservoir of glial and neural stem cells that is readily accessible via biopsy.
		Our current goal is to combine the power of gene arrays to cultures or biopsies of readily accessible tissues such as skin and olfactory mucosa from individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unaffected first degree relatives of those with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (including unaffected MZ co-twins) and well controls.
	www.qcsr.uq.edu.au /olfactory.htm (866 words)

	THE OLFACTORY MUCOSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Olfactory Mucosa Olfactory mucosa lines the roof of the nasal cavity and superior conchae (= turbinates) and is structurally modified to detect odor-producing chemicals (= odorants).
		In the epithelium of the olfactory mucosa, are millions of specialized nerve cells called olfactory receptors.
		Receptor axons carry the impulses through the holes in the cribiform plate to the olfactory bulbs at the base of the brain.
	www.getbodysmart.com /ap/respiratorysystem/nose/olfactorymucosa/tutorial.html (166 words)

	Sinusitis Studies - Research Essential to Development of Medication for Loss of Smell
		A new study indicates that all three causes of smell loss are associated with the apoptotic death of olfactory sensory neurons in the nose.
		Methodology: To determine the cellular activity involved in olfactory dysfunction, normal and diseased human and animal olfactory mucosa was assessed for immunohistochemical (caspase-3) evidence of apoptosis through aging, trauma, and sinusitis.
		Examination of olfactory mucosa affected by trauma and aging was accomplished through tissue from C57BL6 mice (aged 12 weeks) and BNxF111 rats (aged 12 weeks and 33 months) obtained by dissection after humanely induced trauma and aging.
	www.sinusitiscenter.com /Studies/loss_of_smell.html (721 words)

	3-Methylindole Induces Transient Olfactory Mucosal Injuryin Ponies -- Miller et al. 40 (4): 363 -- Veterinary Pathology
		of olfactory mucosal epithelium and epithelium of Bowman's glands.
		Olfactory epithelium and Bowman's gland are hyperplastic and poorly organized with mitotic figures.
		Kern RC, Foster JD, Pitovski DZ: Mineralocorticoid (type I) receptors in the olfactory mucosa of the mammal: studies with [3H]aldosterone and the anti-mineralocorticoid spironolactone.
	www.vetpathology.org /cgi/content/full/40/4/363 (2862 words)

	Genomic analysis of alachlor-induced oncogenesis in rat olfactory mucosa -- Genter et al. 12 (1): 35 -- Physiological ...
		Alachlor is mutagenic in the presence of an olfactory mucosal
		Glutathione and ascorbate in the olfactory epithelium of alachlor-treated rats (Abstract).
		Evidence for site-specific bioactivation of alachlor in the olfactory mucosa of the Long-Evans rat.
	physiolgenomics.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/12/1/35 (5388 words)

	Dopamine Reduces Odor- and Elevated-K+-Induced Calcium Responses in Mouse Olfactory Receptor Neurons In Situ -- Hegg ...
		The vertebrate olfactory mucosa is composed of a sensory neuroepithelium
		released in the olfactory mucosa diffuses to receptors on ORNs
		Fluo-4 AM loaded olfactory epithelium slices were superfused with multiple applications of 10 µM n-amyl acetate +10 µM r-carvone (odor) in the absence (A and B) or presence (C and D) of 50 µM dopamine (DA).
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/91/4/1492 (4384 words)

	Detection of Pathologic Prion Protein in the Olfactory Epithelium in Sporadic Creutzfeldt—Jakob Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We examined peripheral regions of the olfactory sensory pathway, including the olfactory mucosa, to assess whether pathologic infectious prion protein (PrPSc) is deposited in the epithelium lining the nasal cavity.
		We obtained the brain, the cribriform plate with the attached olfactory mucosa, and the surrounding respiratory epithelium at autopsy.
		The olfactory and respiratory mucosa and the intracranial olfactory system were analyzed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting for pathological changes and for deposition of PrPSc.
	www.clickitnews.com /emergingdiseases/posts/4326.html (336 words)

	Publications from Uppsala University : 3463 - Neurotoxic Effects of Dichlorophenyl Methylsulphones Related to Olfactory ...
		In mice, both substances bind firmly in the olfactory mucosa and the olfactory bulb, which are important components of the sensory system.
		A major objective was to clarify the cause of this isomer-specific toxicity, and to identify which physicochemical characteristics determine the olfactory toxicity.
		in the rat olfactory mucosa, whereas the 2,5-dichlorinated isomer was not covalently bound.
	publications.uu.se /abstract.xsql?dbid=3463 (546 words)

	Integrative Oral Science - Chemical Sensory System Functions
		The basal portion of the olfactory neurons are axons which project into the basement membrane through the cribriform plate to synapse in the olfactory bulb.
		The olfactory epithelium also contains supporting cells which support the receptor cells and provide mucus around the cilia. Basal epithelial type cells are located near the basement membrane and their function is not known, although they may differentiate into new neurons to replace aging olfactory neurons.
		In response to ion conductance, a receptor potential is generated at the coronal end of the olfactory neuron In response to this receptor potential, an action potential is generated and propagated toward the basal portion of the sensory neuron.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /courses/dental/smell-taste/smell.html (951 words)

	[No title]
		Despite attracting the interest of an increasing number of neuroscientists, the identity of the true stem cells and it distinction from progenitor population of transit amplifying cells remains uncertain.
		Some evidence suggests that the horizontal basal cells (HBCs) are the neural stem cells of the olfactory mucosa while other evidence suggests that the stem cells constitute a sub-population of globose basal cells (GBCs).
		These series of experiments will identify the stem cell of the olfactory mucosa and will complement current studies in the laboratory on the repair potential of olfactory mucosa-derived cells in experimental models of CNS pathology.
	www.brc.cam.ac.uk /documents/Robinprojectone.doc (285 words)

	Cell Cycle Regulation during Mouse Olfactory Neurogenesis -- Legrier et al. 12 (12): 591 -- Cell Growth & ...
		Olfactory mucosa extracts were obtained from mice ranging in age from 1 day (d) to 8.5 months (m).
		Immunohistochemical analysis of neural cell proliferation in the olfactory mucosa indicates that it is higher in young mice than in adults.
		of mature olfactory neurons (52), and of ß3 tubulin
	cgd.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/12/591 (6867 words)

	Expression of Growth Factors in Fetal Human Olfactory Mucosa During Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this study, standard immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the presence of epidermal growth factor-receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha and nerve growth factor-beta in the human olfactory epithelium of different developmental stages (7 to 30 weeks) in formalin-fixed tissue specimens.
		Nerve growth factor-beta detection was restricted on olfactory nerve cells, dentritic knob and basal cell layer.
		So, this study confirms the development of human olfactory mucosa and shows epidermal growth factor-receptor, nsforming growth factor-alpha and nerve growth factor-beta proteins are reliable markers for developing olfactory epithelium.
	www.growthdevelaging.org /67_1_2.html (286 words)

	Olfactory evoked potential produced by electrical stimulation of the human olfactory mucosa -- Ishimaru et al. 22 (1): ...
		Olfactory evoked potential produced by electrical stimulation of the human olfactory mucosa -- Ishimaru et al.
		Olfactory evoked potential produced by electrical stimulation of the human olfactory mucosa
		Olfactory evoked potentials produced by the electrical stimulation of the
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/22/1/77 (330 words)

	Classes and Narrowing Selectivity of Olfactory Receptor Neurons of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles -- Manzini and Schild 123 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Multidrug resistance transporters in the olfactory receptor neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
		Whole-cell response characteristics of ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor neurons to amino acids, pheromone candidates and urine in rainbow trout.
		Spatial segregation of odorant receptor expression in the mammalian olfactory epithelium.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/123/2/99 (3955 words)

	Induction of Mouse CYP2J by Pyrazole in the Eye, Kidney, Liver, Lung, Olfactory Mucosa, and Small Intestine, but Not in ...
		P450 isoforms of the olfactory mucosa are generally refractory to induction by xenobiotics.
		Ding X and Coon MJ (1990b) Induction of cytochrome P-450 isozyme 3a (P-450IIE1) in rabbit olfactory mucosa by ethanol and acetone.
		Longo V, Citti L and Gervasi PG (1988) Biotransformation enzymes in nasal mucosa and liver of Sprague-Dawley rats.
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/11/1311 (4968 words)

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