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Topic: Olfactory nerve

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Olfactory nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.
		The sense of smell (olfaction) arises from the stimulation of the olfactory receptors by activation from gas molecules that pass by the nose during respiration.
		The olfactory nerve is the shortest of all the twelve cranial nerves and only one of two cranial nerves (the other being the optic nerve) that do not join with the brainstem.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Olfactory-nerve (445 words)

	Nerve - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Between the two ganglia the accessory part of the eleventh nerve joins the tenth, and it is from this communication that the motor twigs to the pharynx, larynx, alimentary and respiratory tracts are derived, as well as the inhibitory fibres of the heart.
		Spinal The spinal nerves are those which arise from each side of the spinal cord and are distributed to the trunk and limbs, though some of the upper ones supply the lower parts of the head and face.
		The musculo- cutaneous nerve supplies the peroneus longus and brevis muscles, and the rest of the skin of the dorsum, of the foot, and lower part of the leg, while the skin of the upper part of the dorsum of the leg, below the knee, is supplied by the external popliteal before its division.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NERVE.htm (5117 words)

	Olfactory nerve
		The olfactory nerve, also known as cranial nerve I, is a collection of sensory nerve fibers that extend down from the olfactory bulb[?] and pass through the many openings of the cribriform plate[?], a sieve[?]-like structure.
		The specialized sensory receptors of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity[?].
		During respiration, air molecules attach to the olfactory mucosa and stimulate the olfactory receptors.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ol/Olfactory_nerve.html (132 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The olfactory nerve consists of a collection of sensory nerve fibers that extend from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, passing through the many openings of the cribriform plate, a sieve-like structure.
		Olfactory receptor neurons continue to be born throughout life and extend new axons to the olfactory bulb.
		Olfactory ensheathing glia wrap bundles of these axons and are thought to facilitate their passage into the central nervous system.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=olfactory_nerve (274 words)

	Olfactory Dysfunction and Disorders
		The etiology of most cases of olfactory dysfunction can be ascertained from carefully questioning the patient about the nature, timing, onset, duration, and pattern of their symptoms.
		Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction may be caused by several mechanisms: 1) sinonasal tract alteration, 2) shearing injury of olfactory nerve filament, or 3) brain contusion and hemorrhage within the olfactory-related brain regions.
		The axons of olfactory receptor cells are delicate and pass through small foramina of the cribriform plate at the base of the skull and synapse directly in the olfactory bulb.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Olfactory-2003-1126/Olfactory-2003-1126.htm (3417 words)

	[No title]
		The olfactory nerve is actually a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb and pass through the many openings of the cribriform plate in the ethmoid bone.
		These specialized sensory receptive parts of the olfactory nerve are then located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.
		During breathing air molecules attach to the olfactory mucosa and stimulate the olfactory receptors of cranial nerve I and electrical activity is transduced into the olfactory bulb.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn1.htm (102 words)

	Olfactory nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerveare located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.
		The sense of smell (olfaction) arises from the stimulation of the olfactoryreceptors by activation from gas molecules that pass by the nose during respiration.
		The resulting electrical activity is transduced into the olfactory bulb which then transmits the electricalactivity to other parts of the olfactory system and the rest of the central nervous system via the olfactory tract.
	www.therfcc.org /olfactory-nerve-83336.html (191 words)

	Cranial Nerve I - Olfactory Nerve
		771) or nerves of smell are distributed to the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
		The crossed fibers of the optic nerve tend to occupy the medial side of the nerve and the uncrossed fibers the lateral side.
		777– Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion.
	www.angelfire.com /me4/bashar/Docs/CranialNerves.html (2418 words)

	The Olfactory Organ
		The intrinsic simplicity of the olfactory epithelium and its direct connections with the brain as well as the not obvious importance of the organ as a whole in the behavior of the humans, allowed for a justifiable neglect.
		The regrowth of the olfactory nerve influences the structure of the brain " in toto " and the transplant of a supernumerary olfactory organ produces a new brain hemisphere.
		The olfactory mucosa of the rats was isolated, its cells were dissociated and among them olfactory neuroblasts, and after purification they were injected in sterile conditions in young and adult rats in diverse brain location.
	www.montegen.com /html/body_the_olfactory_organ.htm (678 words)

	Olfactory nerve definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Olfactory nerve: A nerve that registers smells by carrying the impulses for the sense of smell from the nose to the brain.
		The olfactory nerves are the only nerves in the human body known to possess this remarkable capacity for self-renewal.
		The cranial nerves emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium), as opposed to the spinal nerves which emerge from the vertebral column.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7571 (159 words)

	Development of olfactory nerve glia defined by a monoclonal antibody specific for Schwann cells. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		These glia appear to originate in the olfactory placode and migrate initially into the periphery of the olfactory nerve, and later into the center of the nerve.
		Olfactory nerve glia enter the presumptive olfactory bulb with the olfactory receptor neuron axons and distribute themselves along the edge of the olfactory nerve layer.
		The fact that olfactory nerve glia are specifically immunostained by the 1E8 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the Schwann cell-specific protein P0, suggests that these cells more closely resemble Schwann cells than astrocytes or enteric glia.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_1281697.html (215 words)

	IX. Neurology. 5a. The Olfactory Nerves. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		771) or nerves of smell are distributed to the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity: this region comprises the superior nasal concha, and the corresponding part of the nasal septum.
		The olfactory nerves are non-medullated, and consist of axis-cylinders surrounded by nucleated sheaths, in which, however, there are fewer nuclei than are found in the sheaths of ordinary non-medullated nerve fibers.
		The olfactary nerves are developed from the cells of the ectoderm which lines the olfactory pits; these cells undergo proliferation and give rise to what are termed the olfactory cells of the nose.
	www.bartleby.com /107/196.html (283 words)

	Marian Resio-----------New Page Portfolio
		Smell is the only sense in which the receptor nerve endings are in direct contact with the outside world.
		The olfactory nerve is an extension of the brain itself, reached directly through the nose.
		Essential oils trigger an olfactory nerve impulse, which goes directly to the brain and produces aromatherapy's far-reaching effects.
	www.concentric.net /~mresio/olfnerv.html (210 words)

	eMedicine - Anatomy of Olfactory System : Article by Amir Vokshoor, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The trigeminal nerve innervates the posterior nasal cavity to detect noxious stimuli.
		Olfactory dysfunction is a hallmark of certain syndromes such as Kallmann syndrome (ie, hypogonadism with anosmia) and Foster Kennedy syndrome (ie, papilledema, unilateral anosmia, and optic atrophy usually associated with an olfactory groove meningioma).
		Olfactory structures also can be injured during craniotomies involving the anterior cranial base or from subarachnoid hemorrhage, which may disrupt the fine fibers of the olfactory nerve.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic564.htm (2188 words)

	Cranial nerve injury
		Cranial nerve injury can be due to compression of the nerve against its exit foramen, compression against the various angular protuberances of the dura and skull, traction on the nerve, ischemia, or direct nerve transection.
		Injury of the optic nerve usually occurs in the optic canal where the nerve is held by the bone.
		It is a sensory nerve to the skin over the mandible, the mandibular teeth, tongue and floor of the mouth, and motor to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid, tensor tympani and palati and the anterior belly of digastric.
	www.med.mun.ca /anatomyts/head/cn.htm (1400 words)

	Olfactory Nerve Pathways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Once olfactory (smell) receptors have been stimulated, nerve impulses are triggered, and they travel along the axons of the receptor cells that are the fibers of the olfactory nerves.
		These nerve fibers pass through tiny openings in the ethmoid bone and lead to neurons located in enlargements called "olfactory bulbs." These structures lie on either side of the ethmoid bone.
		From this location, the impulses travel along the "olfactory tracts" to interpreting centers located in the base of the frontal lobes (olfactory cortex) of the brain.
	www.innerbody.com /text/nerv120.html (86 words)

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 1, pg. 2
		The olfactory epithelium is located in the roof, superior conchae, and septum of the nasal cavity.
		Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar nerve cells with a peripherally directed dendrite which terminates in a knob from which project numerous cilia.
		The olfactory chemoreceptors are located on these cilia.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn1/cn1_2.html (57 words)

	HHMI News: Researchers Closer to Learning the Underlying Logic of the Olfactory System
		Information from the olfactory cortex is then sent to many regions of the brain, ultimately leading to the perceptions of odors and their emotional and physiological effects.
		Earlier studies of the olfactory cortex by Buck's group indicated that in contrast to the straightforward mapping of inputs from odorant receptors onto the glomeruli, however, the mapping of odorant receptor inputs onto the olfactory cortex was quite complex.
		In sharp contrast to the olfactory bulb, where signals from different receptors are segregated, inputs from different odorant receptors overlap extensively in the cortex.
	www.hhmi.org /news/buck4.html (1233 words)

	ICP monitors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		• The olfactory tracts are paired and consist of the lateral, medial and intermediate striae.
		Fibers pass from the subcallosal area to the rostral anterior commissure to the contralateral olfactory bulb.
		The secondary olfactory cortex is found at area 28.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.2-Anatomy-CranialNerves/CN01-olafactory.html (202 words)

	Olfactory nerve: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Toasters which fail to eject Pop Tarts cause the Pop Tarts to emit flames 10-18 inches in height.
		...Olfactory nerve Olfactory nerve The olfactory nerve, also known as cranial...down from the Olfactory-bulb Olfactory bulb olfactory bulb and pass through the many openings...plate, a Sieve Sieve sieve -like structure.
		...first to describe the workings of the olfactory nerve.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ol/Olfactory-nerve.html (311 words)

	Olfaction - A Review
		The olfactory region of each of the two nasal passages in humans is a small area of about 2.5 square centimeters containing in total approximately 50 million primary sensory receptor cells.
		Above the mucous layer is the base olfactory epithelium which consists partially of basal cells located in the lowest cellular layer of the olfactory epithelium which are capable of mitotic cell division to form olfactory receptor neurons when functionally mature.
		From the mitral cells the message is sent directly to the higher levels of the central nervous system in the corticomedial amygdala portion of the brain (via the olfactory nerve tract) where the signaling process is decoded and olfactory interpretation and response occurs.
	www.leffingwell.com /olfaction.htm (819 words)

	Cranial nerves at AllExperts
		Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge from the brainstem instead of the spinal cord.
		All cranial nerves except for the olfactory and optic nerves belong to the peripheral nervous system, having axons that are myelinated by Schwann cells (myelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system) rather than oligodendrocytes (myelinating cells of the central nervous system).
		The olfactory and optic nerves are named as such, but are technically not nerves, and are continuations of the central nervous system.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/cr/cranial_nerves.htm (845 words)

	Odor Control
		The pattern of nerve impulses received from hundreds of different odor receptors is processed by the brain to create the sensation of different odors that people experience.
		The size of an animal's olfactory bulb may be an indication of how important the sense of smell is to that animal.
		From the olfactory bulb, the nerve impulses travel toward the forebrain, at the front of the cerebrum of the brain.
	www.odor-control.us (1408 words)

	Cranial Nerve Dysfunction
		Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I) - Anosmia (loss of the sense of smell), hyposmia (a decreased sense of smell), parosmia (a perversion of the sense of smell), or cacosmia (awareness of a disagreeable or offensive odor that does not exist) are common following TBI.
		Immediate loss of vision is due to injury to the optic nerve due to ischemia or edema (which causes loss of blood supply to the nerve through the small arteries that feed the nerve) or shearing or contusion (which represent direct trauma to the nerve from movement of the contents of the orbit and cranium)
		Dysphagia and dysarthria are caused by injury to the nuclei of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
	calder.med.miami.edu /pointis/tbiprov/MEDICINE/sense1.html (1867 words)

	ScienceDaily: A Bouquet Of Responses: Olfactory Nerve Cells Expressing Same Receptor Display A Varied Set Of Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Olfactory System Matures In Different Stages (June 16, 2004) -- Full development of the sense of smell in mammals is dependent on functional activity during critical periods in development, according to a study by researchers at Yale, Rockefeller and Columbia...
		In vertebrates smells are sensed by the olfactory epithelium...
		Axon -- An axon, or nerve fiber, is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/02/060202181327.htm (1966 words)

	The Olfactory System
		These aroma molecules are trapped in the nose by hairlike nerve endings that pass the aroma on to receptors that then carry the molecules to the Olfactory Bulb.
		The Olfactory nerves react as other nerves in the body do, responding to electrical signals and impulses and dispatching information to the rest of the body.
		Because the olfactory nerves are a direct extension of the brain's limbic system, recognition of smell is relayed immediately, whereas recognition of taste, sound and touch is not as immediate.
	www.geocities.com /pathways2eden/Olfactory.html (525 words)

	Cranial Nerves
		The olfactory nerve is composed of axons from the olfactory receptors in the nasal sensory epithelium.
		The optic nerve is composed of axons of the ganglion cells in the eye.
		This cranial nerve originates at the trochlear nucleus located in the tegmentum of the midbrain at the inferior colliculus level and exits the posterior side of the brainstem.
	www.pitt.edu /~anat/Neuro/CranialNerves/CN.htm (962 words)

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