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Topic: Olfactory receptor

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	Olfactory receptor neuron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In verebrates, olfactory receptor neurons reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity.
		According to prevaling theory, olfactory receptors are activated by binding to structures on the odor molecule.
		In insects, olfactory receptor neurons typically reside on the antenna.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Olfactory_receptor_neuron (384 words)

	Tonic and Phasic Receptor Neurons in the Vertebrate Olfactory Epithelium -- Madrid et al. 84 (6): 4167 -- Biophysical ...
		Tonic and Phasic Receptor Neurons in the Vertebrate Olfactory Epithelium
		Tonic and phasic olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium
		Inhibitory responses to odorants in vertebrate olfactory neurons.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/84/6/4167 (6318 words)

	Olfactory receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Olfactory receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor in olfactory receptor neurons.
		In vertebrates, the olfactory receptors are located in the olfactory epithelium.
		Once the odorant has bound to the odor receptor, the receptor activates the attached G protein on the inside of the olfactory receptor neuron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Olfactory_receptor (346 words)

	Olfactory receptor: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Olfactory receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor[Click link for more facts about this topic] in olfactory receptor neuron[Click link for more facts about this topic]s.
		The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell....
		The olfactory bulb is a part of the brain that is a distinct outgrowth from the forebrain of mammals....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/ol/olfactory_receptor.htm (1075 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| The olfactory receptor family album
		Olfactory or olfactory-like receptor genes are expressed in high numbers in the olfactory epithelium [1,2,3] but are also found in other tissues as far removed as the testes [4] and heart [5].
		The absence of functional olfactory receptors in the dolphin [13] and the deterioration of vision in moles [14] provide extreme examples of this mechanism, which is believed to account for the reduced olfactory acuity of humans compared to rodents and non-human primates.
		It was initially suggested that olfactory receptor sequences with a percentage sequence identity of 40% or greater constitute a family, and sequences with sequence identity of 60% or greater a subfamily [17,18].
	genomebiology.com /2001/2/10/reviews/1027 (2158 words)

	InterPro: IPR000725 Olfactory receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Olfactory transduction is believed to be initiated by the binding of odorants to specific receptor proteins in the cilia of olfactory receptor cells.
		The olfactory receptors are integral membrane proteins that belong to a superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors.
		Amongst the exceptions are the olfactory receptors, which cluster together in a subfamily that lacks significant matches with domains 2, 4 and 6 [ 5 ].
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR000725 (2880 words)

	eMedicine - Anatomy of Olfactory System : Article by Amir Vokshoor, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Olfactory dysfunction is a hallmark of certain syndromes such as Kallmann syndrome (ie, hypogonadism with anosmia) and Foster Kennedy syndrome (ie, papilledema, unilateral anosmia, and optic atrophy usually associated with an olfactory groove meningioma).
		Olfactory structures also can be injured during craniotomies involving the anterior cranial base or from subarachnoid hemorrhage, which may disrupt the fine fibers of the olfactory nerve.
		Detection of olfactory dysfunction begins with sampling of a series of common odors, which can be performed at the bedside with odiferous substances such as coffee, lemon, and peppermint.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic564.htm (2089 words)

	The Nasal CavityDid you know that approximately 95%
		The olfactory membrane, or epithelium, is a layer of cells on the roof of the nasal cavity.
		Olfactory receptor cells are the only neurons in the nervous system that are regularly replaced (they last about 4-8 weeks).
		The olfactory bulb lies on the cribiform plate, and the once the axons have reached it, they make their first synapse in the glomeruli, within the bulb.
	www.macalester.edu /psychology/whathap/UBNRP/Smell/nasal.html (893 words)

	Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Olfactory ensheathing glia and platelet-derived growth factor b-chain reactivity in the transplanted rat olfactory bulb.
		It is during this stage that the cranial neuropore closes, that the olfactory and lens placodes appear, and that the otic placode invaginates.
		The olfactory receptor database contains all of the known olfactory odor receptor sequences in both nucleotide and amino acid form.
	duke.usask.ca /~rondouc (2139 words)

	SMELL
		There are some notable features of these olfactory receptors, like the divergence in sequence in the 3rd, 4th and 5th transmembrane domains, that suggest a how a large number of different odorants may be discriminated.
		Neurons from the lateral olfactory tract project to; (1) the amygdala, septal nuclei, pre-pyriform cortex, the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and the subiculum.
		One possible explanation is that because olfactory centres (primary olfactory cortex, entorhinal cortex) are next door to regions where seizures begin in temporal lobe epilepsy, activity generated in these areas by the presentation of a smell prevents the spread of the synchronous activity from the epileptic focus.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html (8439 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - Chemical Senses
		All vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons examined so far are "generalists." In other words, they respond best to one class of substances, more weakly to another group or two, and not at all to others.
		The electrical signal generated when an olfactory sensory neuron is activated is passed along to a secondary neuron residing in the bulb, and from here the signal goes by way of the olfactory tract to other brain areas.
		The olfactory system is often described as the most "primitive" sensory system because of its early phylogenetic development and its connections to older, subconscious portions of the brain.
	staff.washington.edu /chudler/chems.html (3229 words)

	Dopamine Reduces Odor- and Elevated-K+-Induced Calcium Responses in Mouse Olfactory Receptor Neurons In Situ -- Hegg ...
		The vertebrate olfactory mucosa is composed of a sensory neuroepithelium
		Odor-responsive olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are outlined in white.
		Fluo-4 AM loaded olfactory epithelium slices were superfused with multiple applications of 10 µM n-amyl acetate +10 µM r-carvone (odor) in the absence (A and B) or presence (C and D) of 50 µM dopamine (DA).
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/91/4/1492 (4384 words)

	Matt Wachowiak
		Which receptor neurons are activated depends on the chemical structure and concentration of the odor.
		We are interested in understanding how the pattern of receptor neuron activity encodes information about an odor as this information is transmitted to the brain, and also how this code is transformed as the information passes through different stages of processing in the brain.
		Presynaptic inhibition of olfactory receptor neurons in crustaceans.
	www.bu.edu /biology/Faculty_Staff/wachowiak.html (706 words)

	Classes and Narrowing Selectivity of Olfactory Receptor Neurons of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles -- Manzini and Schild 123 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Multidrug resistance transporters in the olfactory receptor neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
		Whole-cell response characteristics of ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor neurons to amino acids, pheromone candidates and urine in rainbow trout.
		Spatial segregation of odorant receptor expression in the mammalian olfactory epithelium.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/123/2/99 (3955 words)

	Guanosine 3',5'-Cyclic Monophosphate Reduces the Response of the Moth's Olfactory Receptor Neuron to Pheromone -- ...
		membrane of the olfactory receptor neuron of the moth Bombyx
		The amplitude of the receptor currents was estimated as 71 pA (control) and as 8 pA (db-cGMP).
		Redkozubov, A.E. Protein kinase C controls activation of the receptor neuron in olfactory sensilla of the gypsy moth.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/4/381 (2506 words)

	Dopamine Depresses Synaptic Inputs Into the Olfactory Bulb -- Hsia et al. 82 (2): 1082 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
		D-F: the dependence of the quinpirole-induced depression on olfactory nerve activity was tested by applying quinpirole in the absence of olfactory nerve stimulation.
		D2 receptors are the most abundant subtype of dopamine receptor in the olfactory bulb (Coronas et al.
		Coronas, V., Srivastava, L. Liang, J. Jourdan, F., and Moyse, E. Identification and localization of dopamine receptor subtypes in rat olfactory mucosa and bulb: a combined in situ hybridization and ligand binding radioautographic approach.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/2/1082 (2852 words)

	A comparison of the human and chimpanzee olfactory receptor gene repertoires -- Gilad et al. 15 (2): 224 -- Genome ...
		A neighbor-joining tree of the olfactory receptor repertoires of human and chimpanzee.
		Olfactory receptor gene cluster on human chromosome 17: Possible duplication of an ancestral receptor repertoire.
		Rouquier, S., Blancher, A., and Giorgi, D. The olfactory receptor gene repertoire in primates and mouse: Evidence for reduction of the functional fraction in primates.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/15/2/224 (4372 words)

	Activation and Inhibition of the Transduction Process in Silkmoth Olfactory Receptor Neurons -- Pophof and van der Goes ...
		Heinbockel, T. and Kaissling, K.-E. Variability of olfactory receptor neuron responses of female silkmoths (Bombyx mori L.) to benzoic acid and (±)-linalool.
		Kaissling, K.-E. and Boekhoff, I. Transduction and intracellular messengers in pheromone receptor cells of the moth Antheraea polyphemus.
		Vosshall, L.B., Amrein, H., Morozov, P.S., Rzhetsky, A. and Axel, R. A spatial map of olfactory receptor expression in the Drosophila antenna.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/5/435 (3537 words)

	Olfactory Receptor Localization and Function: An Emerging Role for GPCR Heterodimerization -- Hague et al. 4 (6): 321 ...
		Olfactory Receptor Localization and Function: An Emerging Role for GPCR Heterodimerization -- Hague et al.
		In the presence (left) of the widely expressed olfactory receptor OR83b, both the conventional SOR and OR83b are properly localized to their specific dendritic compartments at the cell surface, whereas, in the absence of OR83b (right), the SOR remains localized intracellularly.
		Krautwurst, D., Yau, K.W., and Reed, R.R. Identification of ligands for olfactory receptors by functional expression of a receptor library.
	molinterv.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/4/6/321 (1443 words)

	Functional properties of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons -- Getchell 66 (3): 772 -- Physiological Reviews
		the membrane of the cilia and apical dendritic knob of the olfactory
		Schwann cells in the olfactory nerve, and the astrocytes in the olfactory
		olfactory receptor neuron is an emerging area of research interests.
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/66/3/772 (614 words)

	ScienceDaily: Olfactory Receptor Cells May Provide Clues To Psychiatric Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Talented Sniffer: A Receptor Known For Guiding Sperm To Egg Plays A Role In The Nose (October 5, 2004) -- Researchers have found that a human olfactory receptor protein previously shown to act in sperm, where it appears to help guide sperm to the egg during fertilization, is also expressed in human...
		Olfactory Bulb Stem Cells And Lou Gehrig's Disease (October 27, 2004) -- Johns Hopkins researchers have found that transplants of mouse stem cells taken from the adult brain's olfactory bulb can delay symptoms and death in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...
		Olfactory System Matures In Different Stages (June 16, 2004) -- Full development of the sense of smell in mammals is dependent on functional activity during critical periods in development, according to a study by researchers at Yale, Rockefeller and Columbia...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/03/050309102428.htm (2122 words)

	ottolab
		We are also beginning a series of studies examining the extent to which, following experimentally-induced damage, regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons and the subsequent reinnervation of the olfactory bulb is related to a recovery of function, and whether this regeneration and recovery of function can be pharmacologically enhanced.
		Although olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) regeneration and subsequent reinnervation of the olfactory bulb (OB) occurs following ORN injury, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to the regulation of this dynamic process have not yet been fully identified.
		The primary goal of the present experiments was to further assess the extent to which GF-related enhancements in the rate of anatomical recovery during ORN regeneration and reinnervation of OB are accompanied by enhancements in the normal rate of recovery of olfaction.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~totto (5197 words)

	Olfactory Receptor Resource Area
		The Olfactory Receptor Resource Area, is an area that contains resources and tools, integrated with ORDB to help the community of olfactory researchers understand olfactory receptor structure and function.
		Investigators can input sequences of their cloned receptors and receive as an output a sequencial name of the type "ORL1234" depending on the chronological order the receptor was inputed in ORDB.
		Retrieve publications on olfactory receptors or on olfaction from PubMed that have been published within the last 90 days.
	senselab.med.yale.edu /Senselab/ORDB/ordb_resources.asp (411 words)

	Novel natural ligands for Drosophila olfactory receptor neurones -- Stensmyr et al. 206 (4): 715 -- Journal of ...
		Physiological sensillum types were identified by the response spectra of their olfactory receptor neurones (ORNs) when challenged with volatiles collected from different fruits.
		Alcorta, E. Characterization of the electroantennogram in Drosophila melanogaster and its use for identifying olfactory capture and transduction mutants.
		Gao, Q. and Chess, A. Identification of candidate Drosophila olfactory receptors from genomic DNA sequence.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/4/715 (4709 words)

	Characteristic features and ligand specificity of the two olfactory receptor classes from Xenopus laevis -- Mezler et ...
		Characteristic features and ligand specificity of the two olfactory receptor classes from Xenopus laevis -- Mezler et al.
		I (fish-like receptors) and class II (mammalian-like receptors).
		Evolution of olfactory receptor genes in the human genome
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/204/17/2987 (428 words)

	Olfactory Receptor DataBase (ORDB)
		Olfactory receptors (ORs) are the largest family in the genome, and the first of a widening range of chemosensory receptors (CRs) in other chemosensory organs.
		ORDB began as a database of vertebrate OR genes and proteins and continues to support sequencing and analysis of these receptors by providing a comprehensive archive with search tools for this expanding family.
		(1) Crasto C..,Marenco L., Miller P.L., and Shepherd G.S. Olfactory Receptor Database: a metadata-driven automated population from sources of gene and protein sequences.
	senselab.med.yale.edu /senselab/ORDB (227 words)

	Molec Neuro Lec 23 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		you use olfactory cues constantly; memories are powerful, ability to detect smell of rotten food is important, and olfaction is relevant to reproduction (e.g.
		Still, olfactory receptor neurons degenerate constantly and are thought to be replaced about every 8 wks through proliferation and differentiation of stem cells.
		Apparently the receptors themselves are involved in targeting the axons.
	mcdb.colorado.edu /labs/jones/MCDB4777/lec22.html (782 words)

	Olfactory Receptor Database: a sensory chemoreceptor resource -- Skoufos et al. 28 (1): 341 -- Nucleic Acids Research
		Olfactory Receptor Database: a sensory chemoreceptor resource -- Skoufos et al.
		A receptor entry screen is presented in Figure 1.
		Olfactory Receptor Database: a metadata-driven automated population from sources of gene and protein sequences
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/1/341 (1356 words)

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