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Topic: Oligocene

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	Oligocene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Oligocene follows the Eocene epoch and is followed by the Miocene epoch.
		The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Palaeogene period.
		The start of the Oligocene is marked by a major extinction event that may be related to the impact of large extraterrestrial object in Siberia and/or near Chesapeake Bay.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oligocene (562 words)

	OLIGOCENE SYSTEM - LoveToKnow Article on OLIGOCENE SYSTEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The upper Oligocene of Paris begins with the marnes a huitres, followed by the brackish and fresh-water molasse of Etrechy, and a series of sandy beds, of which the best known are those of Fontainebleau, Etampes and Ormoy; in these occur the groups of calcite crystals, charged with sand, familiar in all mineral collections.
		Oligocene deposits occur in the Carpathian region and Tirol; as Flysch and brackish and lacustrine beds with lignite in Klausenburg, lignites at Haring in Tirol.
		Oligocene rocks are known in North Africa, Algeria, Tunis and Egypt, with the silicified trees and basalt sheets north of the Fayum.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OL/OLIGOCENE_SYSTEM.htm (1739 words)

	Oligocene epoch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the middle Oligocene a sea extended over N Europe as far east as the Urals and was connected with the greater Mediterranean through the present Rhine valley.
		The life of the Oligocene was marked in Europe and North America by the virtual disappearance of the archaic mammals of the Paleocene.
		The climate of the Oligocene was mild and temperate in North America.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ol/Oligocen.html (461 words)

	Life of the Oligocene
		As a result of the cooling trend prevalent throughout the Oligocene period, the lives and habitats of many organisms were directly affected.
		The early Oligocene period was marked by a multitude of different events ranging from the appearance of new groups such as elephants to the decline in taxonomic diversity in middle- and high-latitude forests.
		The late Oligocene period was marked by the expansion of grasslands and prairies that were intimately linked to the expansion of grazing animals.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /tertiary/oli/olilife.html (665 words)

	Palaeos Cenozoic: Oligocene: The Oligocene Epoch
		The Oligocene Epoch of the Paleogene Period: 23.8 to 33.7 Mya
		The Oligocene Epoch (meaning "slightly recent") was the third and youngest division of the Paleogene, and the characterized by an increasing proportion of "modern" animals.
		While artiodactyls appeared in the late Paleocene, they remained rare, and it was only during the Oligocene that advanced forms (the first camels) developed a rumen, a complex fore-stomach that aids in the digestion of cellulose.
	www.palaeos.com /Cenozoic/Oligocene/Oligocene.htm (802 words)

	Geologic Time: The Oligocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Oligocene is the third epoch of the Cenozoic; it started approximately 34 million years before the present and lasted a little more than ten million years.
		During the Oligocene global temperature dropped as much as 10° C, shrinking forests and introducing the grassy plains that would come to dominate in the Miocene.
		Temperatures cooled throughout the Oligocene, and an icecap formed for the first time over Antarctica, which melted at the start of the next epoch, the Miocene.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/faq/gt/cenozoic/oligocene.htm (421 words)

	Oligocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Oligocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 36 million to 24 million years before the present.
		As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the start and end are well identified, but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are slightly uncertain.
		South America was apparently isolated from the other continents and evolved quite distinct faunas during the Oligocene.
	www.termsdefined.net /ol/oligocene.html (555 words)

	Encyclopedia: Oligocene
		The Oligocene is often considered an important time of transition, a link between "[the] archaic world of the tropical Eocene and the more modern-looking ecosystems of the Miocene."(1) In ecology, the word ecosystem is an abbreviation of the term, ecological system.
		The Chattian (also known as Chickasawhayan) is the second and final of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch.
		In South America and the Antilles upper Oligocene is found, and the lignite beds of Coronel and Lota in Chile and in the Straits of Magellan may be of this age; in Patagonia are the lower Oligocene marine beds (Patagonian) and beds with mammalian remains.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Oligocene (986 words)

	The Oligocene Epoch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Oligocene epoch is part of the Tertiary Period in the Cenozoic Era, and lasted from about 33.7 to 23.8 million years ago (mya).
		The Oligocene is thus a relatively short span of time, though a number of major changes occurred during this time.
		The Oligocene Epoch is part of the Cenozoic Era.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /tertiary/oli.html (174 words)

	A NEW BIRD (FAMILY CRACIDAE) FROM THE EARLY OLIGOCENE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
		Although many details of the Oligocene fossil have been obscured by crushing of the bones, the proportions of the bird and those details not lost through crushing show that the fossil represents a new genus and species.
		Distinguished from Boreortalis Brodkorb (1954: 180-182) from the Miocene of Florida and Palaeonossax Wetmore (1956: 234-235) from the Oligocene of South Dakota on the basis of larger size and the presumed relationship of Boreortalis and Palaeonossax to Ortalis among modern cracids.
		SUMMARY Procrax brevipes is described as a new genus and species of the Cracidae from the lower Oligocene of South Dakota.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v074n02/p0174-p0184.html (4461 words)

	OLIGOCENE LEAF FOSSILS
		Most leaf fossils lack contrast or may seem rather plain in appearance but this spectacular and rare specimen has got to be one of the most impressive specimens we have come across.
		During the Oligocene Period, this region in the Rhodope Mountains of Southwest Bulgaria experienced numerous Volcanic events.
		Entire regions were buried under ash hence the results, stunning fossil preservation of otherwise delicate life-forms not normally prone to such exceptional fossilization.
	www.paleodirect.com /pl-003.htm (275 words)

	Eocene - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene epoch.
		By the end of the period, deciduous forests covered large parts of the northern continents, including North America, Eurasia and the Arctic, and rainforests held on only in equatorial South America, Africa, India and Australia.
		Antarctica, which began the Eocene fringed with a warm temperate to sub-tropical rainforest, became much colder as the period progressed; the heat-loving tropical flora was wiped out, and by the beginning of the Oligocene the continent hosted deciduous forests and vast stretches of tundra.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Eocene (1301 words)

	Ungulate teeth, diets, and climatic changes at the eocene/oligocene boundary
		There is a slight decline in ungulate diversity in the late Eocene, regaining early Eocene levels by the end of the Oligocene.
		Their numbers declined in the middle and late Eocene, but the total diversity of bunodont taxa was boosted in the Oligocene by the emergence of large, specialized modern forms (suoid artiodactyls).
		Semi-lophed ungulates were fairly abundant in the late Paleocene and early Eocene, but underwent dramatic diversification in the late middle Eocene, almost doubling their generic diversity by the end of the period.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/EEB/Janis_abstracts/Zoology.html (593 words)

	Oligocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Oligocene Epoch (meaning "slightly recent") extends from 34 million years ago until 23 million years ago, and was a time of great significance in the history of American mammals.
		The Oligocene is marked by the start of a generalized cooling, which culminated in the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene, but it still remained relatively warmer than today.
		A craterform structure 10 km in diameter and 34 million years old is located in the Atlantic Ocean off the shore of New jersey.
	www.carlwozniak.com /earth/Oligocen.html (139 words)

	Read about Oligocene at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Oligocene and learn about Oligocene here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Oligocene follows the Eocene epoch and is followed by the
		The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the
		There appears to have been a land bridge in the early Oligocene between North America and Europe as the
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Oligocene (366 words)

	OLIGOCENE AND YOUNGER HISTORY: SUBSIDENCE AND FLIGHT NORTHWARD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By the late Oligocene, the ACC was well established at all water depths south of the STR and currents also moved through the South Tasman Saddle between Tasmania and the STR.
		In spite of Oligocene cooling, conditions remained temperate in the vicinity of Tasmania and the South Tasman Rise.
		Oligocene carbonates are common in the Tasmanian region because of the interplay of tectonics, climate, and oceanography.
	www.ga.gov.au /odp/publications/189_SR/synth/syn_7.htm (2260 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: New crabs from the Eocene and Oligocene of Baja California Sur, Mexico and an assessment of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Journal of Paleontology: New crabs from the Eocene and Oligocene of Baja California Sur, Mexico and an assessment of the evolutionary and paleobiogeographic implications of Mexican fossil decapods
		New crabs from the Eocene and Oligocene of Baja California Sur, Mexico and an assessment of the evolutionary and paleobiogeographic implications of Mexican fossil decapods
		Oligocene and Miocene occurrences within the study area are poorly known, probably due to vegetation covering the outcrops and the inhospitable climate (i.e., hot and humid) of the Caribbean areas where these rocks occur, which makes collecting less inviting and productive.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200211/ai_n9151083 (1411 words)

	NPS: Nature & Science» Geology Resources Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Oligocene Epoch was a time of transition between the earlier and later parts of the Cenozoic Era.
		Late in the Oligocene, savannas (grasslands broken by scattered woodlands) appeared.
		Oreodonts, a group of sheep-like animals, were successful in the Eocene and Oligocene but by the end of the Miocene had completely died out.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/parks/oligocene.htm (242 words)

	A finding of Oligocene primates on the European continent -- Köhler and Moyà-Solà 96 (25): 14664 -- ...
		The German definition of the Eocene/Oligocene boundary is guided by marine stratigraphy (2), where the beginning of the Oligocene is dated as MP 17/18 (Standard Levels Fons 4/La Débruge).
		In both conceptions, however, the "Grande Coupure" is placed between MP 20 and MP 21 (3), and in both conceptions, all European prosimians, apart from those of Santpedor and Fonollosa, are undoubtedly pre-"Grande Coupure." In our paper, we use the most widely accepted definition with the Eocene/Oligocene boundary between MP 20 and MP 21.
		Oligocene crops out over a wide area (14).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/25/14664 (1791 words)

	Oligocene Epoch -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The term Oligocene is derived from Greek and means the epoch of few recent forms,” referring to the sparseness of the number of modern animals that originated during the Oligocene.
		Millions of years ago in the Oligocene epoch of the Earth's history, clear resin seeped from pine trees growing in the Baltic Sea basin.
		The Tertiary is further divided into the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene epochs; and the Quaternary into the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9057017 (819 words)

	OLIGOCENE FISH FOSSILS
		Volcanic activity during the Oligocene from the nearby Rhodope Mountain range buried a variety of flora and fauna including these small predatory fish.
		Here is an excellent opportunity to add a high quality Oligocene fish fossil from an exotic location to your collection at a very affordable price.
		Unlike a vast majority of fish fossils in the marketplace where details are skillfully faked with delicate painting and carving of the stone, this exquisite fish fossil is
	www.paleodirect.com /f1-001.htm (240 words)

	Oligocene Epoch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The climate of the Cenozoic got much cooler during the Oligocene, and Antarctica was freezing up.
		Cats and dogs evolved during the Oligocene to feast on the new abundance of herbivores.
		Plant life in the Oligocene was similar to flora patterns in other epochs.
	library.thinkquest.org /20886/oligocene.html (172 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The period from the late Oligocene to the end of the Lower Miocene is an important but poorly understood stage in the basin's, and indeed the region's, history.
		During the late Oligocene the Middle Eocene, basin architecture was modified by a renewed period of extension on the northern margin of the basin.
		Late Oligocene uplift and volcanism on the northern margins of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan: implications for tectonics and sedimentation in Borneo.
	www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk /seasia/my_html/frame174.htm (8455 words)

	Brontotherium, Titanothere-Prehistoric Mammals-Oligocene Epoch
		Brontotherium, Titanothere - Prehistoric Mammal - Oligocene epoch.
		The Brontotherium they were referring to was a large Oligocene mammal, distantly related to the rhinoceros, and had a forked "horn" on its snout.
		Being larger in the males than in the females, this horn was probably used in fighting, much like those of deer and antelope today.
	store.dinosaurcorporation.com /tertiary1.html (210 words)

	SDNHM Future Exhibits - Journey: Oligocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oligocene (oh LIG oh seen) 24 to 34 million years ago
		Abundant fossils of grazing animals suggest expansive grasslands, and global cooling and drying during the Oligocene.
		Compare fossil teeth and determine the diet and lifestyle of ancient animals.
	www.sdnhm.org /exhibits/future/oligocene.html (137 words)

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