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Topic: Oligochaets

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	[No title]
		In Polynoe the nephridia are short tubes with a slightly folded funnel whose lumen is intercellular, and this intercellular lumen is characteristic of the Polychaetes as contrasted with leeches and Oligochaetes.
		This differentiation is not, however, peculiar to the Polychaetes; for in several Oligochaetes the anterior nephridia are of large size, and opening as they do into the buccal cavity clearly play a different function to those which follow.
		In the Oligochaetes it is only the families Aeoloso- matidae and Nai- didae that show the same phenomenon.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=53532 (2419 words)

	Chaetopoda - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the lastmentioned worm the funnels of the anterior nephridia are small and but few celled; it is only the nephridia in and behind the 17th segment of the body which are particularly large and with a sinuous margin, which recall the funnels of the gonad ducts (i.e.
		They contrast with those of the Oligochaeta and Hirudinea by reason of their frequently close association with the gonads, the same organ sometimes serving the two functions of excretion and conveyance of the ova and spermatozoa out of the body.
		It is, however, though doubtless near to the base of the Oligochaetous series, most nearly allied in the reproductive system to the Oligochaeta.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Chaetopoda (12904 words)

	World bibliography on subterranean Annelida, Clitellata (Aphanoneura - Oligochaeta) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Oligochaetes from subterranean waters of Italy and Greece.
		Superficial and hyporheic oligochaete communities as indicators of pollution and water exchange in the River Moselle, France: 147-155.
		Oligochaete worms as biological describers of the interactions between surface and groundwaters: a frist synthesis.
	members.aol.com /blspecies/oligochaeta.htm (3572 words)

	Oligochaeta
		Oligochaets lack the parapodia of the polychaets, they lack the suckers of the Brachiobdella, Hirudinea, and Acanthobdellida, they normally have 4 bundles of setae per segment, but lack the ventral hair setae and the ciliated prostomium of the the Aphanoneura.
		Oligochaetes are important primary consumers in many systems, where they are important in the early links of some food chains.
		The oligochaete sample can be quantitative only if the sediment sample is also quantitative.
	www.esg.montana.edu /dlg/aim/annelid/oligo.html (883 words)

	Classes of Annelids
		The marine and freshwater oligochaetes and leeches are ammonotelic while terrestrial forms, not surprising are at least partially ureotelic.
		Oligochaetes are usually specialized for burrowing, both aquatic and terrestrial.
		Oligochaetes also have an obvious structure in the digestive system called the typlosole which is a mid-dorsal groove that results in an invagination of the digestive wall.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/322/IZLecture19.htm (5005 words)

	Wayne Wurtsbaugh, The trophic gradient in Lake Powell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Benthic invertebrate abundance in both the littoral and profundal zones was extremely low, with biomasses varying from 0.08 to 3.5 g dry weight/m2.
		At most stations oligochaets or chironomids dominated the fauna.
		Volatile organic residue in the profundal sediments was maximal (5.5%) at RM 99 and decreased near the Colorado River inflow.
	www.cnr.usu.edu /departments/awer/pages/faculty/Wurtsbaugh/wurtsbaughtrophicgradient.htm (461 words)

	Turkish Journal of Zoology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		With regard to the rational distribution of these groups, oligochaets were the predominant group with 90.64%, followed by chironomid larvae (9.17%) and chaoborid larvae (0.19%).
		As a result of samplings performed from each meter from the shore to 9 m in depth in the first station, the maximum number of specimens was found at the seventh meter.
		It was also noticed that oligochaets were abundant at the seventh and eighth meters, whereas chironomids were abundant at the second and sixth meters.
	mistug.tetm.tubitak.gov.tr /~bdyim/abs.php3?dergi=zoo&rak=0406-1 (370 words)

	NAB2002 Annelida Bibliography
		Lang, C. Anomalous response of zoobenthos (Oligochaetes and chironomids) to the decrease of phosphorus in Lake Neuchatel.
		Montanholi-Martins, M.C.; Takeda, A.M. Spatial and temporal variations of oligochaetes of the Ivinhema River and Patos Lake in the Upper Parana River Basin, Brazil.
		Wang, H.; Liang, Y. A preliminary study of oligochaetes in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake of China, and its vicinity, with description of a new species of Limnodrilus.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /~mjwetzel/nabs02F.html (7950 words)

	www.aquatic-aliens.de - Species Directory
		This is probably related to very strong problems in identification down to species level of specimens of these groups.
		The only exception is the alien freshwater oligochaet Branchiura sowerbyi, which can easily be differentiated from other oligochaets and especially tubificids through the presence of gills.
		In macroinvertebrate surveys, such representatives were generally identified only to class or subfamily level, which is in accordance with accepted national and international conventions.
	www.aquatic-aliens.de /species-directory.htm (359 words)

	Animal and Plant Diversity and Ecology in Siberia
		By comparing the data obtained to the existing qualitative knowledge on the processes going on the model ecosystems we expect to estimate the usability of different methods of numerical descriptions of ecosystem and obtain more adequate tool for uniform description of biodiversity in different ecosystems.
		At the Limnological Institute in course of molecular phylogenetic studies ca 700bp long fragment of mitochondrial gene coding for the first sub unit of cytochrom c oxydase have been successfully used to analyze evolutionary relationships within amphipods, 3 families of molluscs and oligochaets.
		Currently it is well accepted, that this fragment is usefull for evolutionary studies at different levels including the population one: in spite of relatively high evolutionary robustness of its amino acid composition, the accumulation rate of synonymous base substitutions, especially transitions, is still very high.
	www.bionet.nsc.ru /misc/ecopro/eng/4_1.html (773 words)

	Poinsettia Diagnostic Key Page EEE
		The insects are scavengers and may be controlled with insecticidal drenches.
		This may indicate Oligochaets, or shore fly larvae.
		Small, clear to whitish worms with fl head capsules are evident on and around damaged root system.
	www.ecke.com /html/h_points/tech/diagkey/diagkeyeee.html (217 words)

	POLYCHAETA - Online Information article about POLYCHAETA
		primitive Chaetopod more nearly than any existing Polychaet or Oligochaet, it is clear that the nephridia in the Oligochaeta have preserved the See also:
		Thus Nereis among the latter worms, from the resemblance which its excretory system bears to that of the Oligochaeta, may be made the starting-point of a See also:
		peculiar to the Polychaetes; for in several Oligochaetes the anterior nephridia are of large size, and opening as they do into the buccal cavity clearly See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PIG_POL/POLYCHAETA.html (2948 words)

	WSNL97-1 Goetting
		During the first years after clay removal, the typical benthic fauna of eulitoral mud flats is found in the refilled area.
		Frequent species are the molluscs Macoma balthica and Hydrobia ulvae, polychaets like Nereis diversicolor and Heteromastus filiformis, oligochaets (Tubificoides benedii, Tubifex costatus) and crustacea.
		With rising soil level and immigration of plants, this community is replaced by terrestrial species and can only survive in tideways and mud flats.
	cwss.www.de /news/publications/Wsnl/WSNL97-1/97-1Goetting.html (1517 words)

	[No title]
		Oligochaets lack parapodia but have a few setae on each segment.
		Most oligochaets feed on dead organic matter, digested with the help of a gizzard (for grinding) or crop (for storage).
		Like the oligochaets, all leeches are hermaphroditic and deposit their eggs inside a cocoon secreted by the clitellum (visible only during reproductive periods).
	www.zoo.utoronto.ca /brooks/content/courses/Lab3.doc (2745 words)

	DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Obligatory beach dwellers consist of two species complexes: amphybionts and hydrobionts.
		Five macrozoobethic communities were found: 3 communities with dominant amphipods, 2 with dominant oligochaets.
		Predominance of this or that zoobenthic species is determined by the size of substratum pores.
	aslo.org /phd/dialog/1995January-37.html (295 words)

	Fact Sheet for Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828)
		Over their native range larvae and young juveniles feed mostly on rotiferans, microcrustaceans (especially cladocerans and copepods) and other small invertebrates.
		Older juveniles and adults feed mostly on benthic invertebrates, aquatic insects (especially chironomid larvae), microcrustaceans and detritus, opportunistically also taking gastropods, nematodes, oligochaets, and various algae (Winemiller, 1987; Mol, 1995; Nico et al., 1996).
		Other food items included detritus, setae (probably from digested oligochaets), small gastropods, copepods, cladocerans, ostracods, fish scales, seeds, and insect fragments.
	nis.gsmfc.org /nis_factsheet.php?toc_id=188 (1415 words)

	Innate Immunity Reviews
		The innate immune response is the first line of defence strategies in invertebrates against attack of infectious agents.
		A detailed analysis of the immune mechanisms involved in annelids has been performed in oligochaets, but few data are available in polichaets and hirudineans.
		The aim of this review is to describe the responses of leeches to different kinds of stimuli (infections following non-self agent attacks, surgical lesions, grafts).
	lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu /innate_immunity_reviews_L.htm (12753 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Biology - Seasonal diet shift in a Tetragonopterinae (Oateichthyes, Characidae) from the Ubatiba ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		fed on an extremely high diversity of items ranging from organic matter, sediment (sand plus quartz parts), algae, seeds and leaves to animal organisms, such as, crustaceans, oligochaets and several life stages of terrestrial and aquatic insects, indicating an omnivorous diet.
		An important shift in the use of feeding resources was also registered; animal and vegetal items had alternated importance between both seasons.
		All sampled individuals were bigger than 2.8 cm (adult specimens according to Mazzoni and Petito, 1999), this suggests that no difference in feeding habits could be assigned to ontogenetic variation (Table 1).
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842003000100009&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en (1980 words)

	LS.LMu.MEst.HedMac - Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in littoral sandy mud - Marine Habitat Classification
		Mainly mid and lower shore sandy mud or mud in lower estuaries, sheltered bays and marine inlets, often subject to variable salinity.
		The main characterising species are the ragworm Hediste diversicolor, the baltic tellin Macoma balthica, and the oligochaetes Tubificoides benedii and T.
		The oligochaete Heterochaeta costata and the mud shrimp Corophium volutator may be abundant.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /marine/biotopes/biotope.aspx?biotope=JNCCMNCR00000375 (489 words)

	Statewide Ohio bird sightings in December 1998
		Instead of spinning today, the phalarope and both Lesser Yellowlegs engaged in this intricate weaving ballet over the drier sandflat, frantically picking at the surface of the substrate rather than probing within it or the shallows.
		Again I suspect, interstitial arthropods, oligochaets, etc. are tough to come by, the resource of the moment being sandflies or of that ilk.
		Interestingly, the Greater Yellowlegs seemed a bit put off by all this activity keeping itself at the periphery of the fray, making stabs yes, but for every one by it, the other birds made three.
	www.aves.net /birdnews/past1298.htm (3951 words)

	PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORLD SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON THE BIOLOGY AND CULTURE OF SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS/ACTES DE LA CONFERENCE ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Provision of small branches, gravel and large shells at the bottom of the rearing pond has been found to prevent high mortality from this cause.
		To minimize cannibalism, juveniles should be well fed, and small quantities of living aquatic oligochaets or chironomid larvae may be given from time to time in addition to those prescribed for regular feeding.
		To prevent disease and parasitic infections, the rearing ponds should be completely drained, dried and disinfected before and after use.
	www.fao.org /docrep/005/AC741T/AC741T02.htm (5018 words)

	An Approach To Identify Potential Zebra Mussel Colonization (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		If your firewall is blocking outgoing connections to port 3125, you can use these links to download local copies.
		Abstract: es have been introduced into the Great Lakes basin including 61 plants, 24 fish, 24 algae, 9 mollusks, and 7 oligochaets (Mills et al.).
		None however, has received the notoriety of the now nationally infamous zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha).
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /miller94approach.html (208 words)

	Abstracts
		In the same period toxic substances decreased exponentially.
		Three techniques were used in parallel: freeze-core technique, air-lift sampler and powered grab sampling.
		The benthic community was dominated by Hydropsyche contubernalis (36.2%), chironomids (35.8%) and oligochaets (23.2%).
	www.uni-koeln.de /math-nat-fak/zoologie/oekologie/agarndt/abstracts.htm (9036 words)

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