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Topic: Oligodynamic effect

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	Oligodynamic effect - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The oligodynamic effect (greek oligos = few, dynamis = force) was discovered in 1893 by the Swiss KW Nägeli as a toxic effect of metal-ions on living cells, algae, moulds, spores, fungi, virus, procariotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, even in relatively low concentrations.
		This antimicrobial effect is shown by ions of: mercury, silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc, bismuth, gold, aluminium and other metals.
		Bacteria (gram+ and gram-) are in general affected by the oligodynamic effect, but they can develop a heavy-metal resistance, or in the case of silver a silver-resistance.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/o/l/i/Oligodynamic_effect.html (231 words)

	Method and apparatus for conditioning water - Patent 4734202
		The movement of the metal bodies releasing the oligodynamically active ions in the chamber through which flows the water to be treated is to be effected in such a manner that these bodies remain essentially in the region of the magnetic fields which traverse the flow path of the water through the chamber.
		For the oligodynamic treatment of the water, bodies or pieces 20 of one or a plurality of oligodynamically active metal(s) are disposed in chamber 1.
		Keeping the small bodies of oligodynamically active metal suspended within the range of the magnetic fields is enhanced also by the eddy currents generated in these bodies by the electromotive force induced in the bodies due to their movement in the magnetic field, with the eddy currents themselves attenuating the movement of the bodies.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4734202.html?highlight=4416854 (3147 words)

	Antimicrobial medical devices - Patent 5324275
		A long term microbicidal effect is considered to be provided by devices constructed in accordance with the present invention since the oligodynamic activity should persist so long as the conductive elements are energized by their power sources.
		The oligodynamic activity induces a concomitant antimicrobial effect proximate the area between elements 18 and 19.
		The antimicrobial effect produced by catheter assembly 10 is considered to persist for as long as elements 18 and 19 remain energized.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5324275.html (3377 words)

	The Physical Basis of Homeopathy
		maximal effects occurred at decimal potencies 9, 14, 18, 21, 2"), 26, 28, and minimal effects at 10, 16, 19, 22, 25, 2'7 and 30.
		Heat is a form of energy especially associated with the kinetics of molecules, another indication that high potency effects are connected with the molecular activity of solvent.
		effect of a high potency, and hence the molecular "set" it seems to depend, persist no matter how many stages of " dilution " are undertaken, provided always that some form of mechanical agitation takes place.
	lewfh.tripod.com /electromagneticinfectioninhomeopathy/id4.html (7377 words)

	How Sanosil Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He discovered that a silver concentration of 0.01 mg/L had "incredible" effects on vegetation such as algae, an effect which he named the "oligodynamic effect".
		The major disadvantage of Silver was that it had no oxidising effect, and thus was not capable of decomposing, altering or eliminating organic matter by oxidation.
		The products convincing properties (non-toxic, no side effects, and environmentally friendly) are such that the necessary official permits and authorisations for its unrestricted use in all fields have already been granted in many countries.
	www.sanosil.com.au /work.html (741 words)

	Eric J. Rentz D.O. - Exploring Silver Hydrosol Medicine - History of Silver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His extensive studies suggest that the regeneration effect initiated by silver appears to be similar to that seen in salamanders, which regenerate lost parts.
		It is probable that pathogens lack sufficient defense mechanisms to circumvent the toxic effects of silver ions when oligodynamic silver is delivered in sufficient, physiologically compatible quantities.
		In fact, the "apparent" resistance of microbes to silver was mistakenly noted by many who failed to notice and identify: (a) insufficient oligodynamic silver particle concentrations, (b) ineffective percentages of charged particles, (c) inadequate protocols or (d) improper procedures.
	www.oligodynamic.com /history.html (2907 words)

	Research on Silver's Use in Skin Therapy
		Oligodynamic Effect of Silver: The oligodynamic effect (greek oligos = few, dynamis = force) was discovered in 1893 by the Swiss KW Ngeli as a toxic effect of metal-ions on living cells, algae, moulds, spores, fungi, virus, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, even in relatively low concentrations.
		The microbicidal effects involve both altering the function of the cell membrane and linking to the cell’s DNA, disrupting cell reproduction.
		Moreover, when silver ions are used in the minute concentrations required to kill or stem the growth of bacteria and fungi, they have not shown any detrimental effect on normal mammalian cells.
	www.aidanceproducts.com /science/research_silver.html (650 words)

	Filter belt arrangement - Patent 4830750
		This is achieved by the filter belt being constructed from a material with an oligodynamic effect, so that biological organisms are not inclined to deposit themselves on the filter screen.
		This toxic effect is dependent to a certain extent on certain external circumstances; for example, a low pH value may stimulate the rate of corrosion in the metal and thus the release of ions.
		The waste water constitutes an electrolyte for this purpose, and copper ions are released from the filter belt and migrate across to the electrode plate 46, thereby causing the toxic effect to increase and largely counteracting the depositing of micro-organisms on the filter belt.
	www.wikipatents.com /patenthtml.php?id=4830750 (3438 words)

	Argentyn 23 - 8 OZ (Silver)
		For over a hundred years it has been known that oligodynamic silver ions can mediate extracellular and intracellular immune challenges, due to the oxidation potential of the ion.* The oligodynamic action of silver, resulting from the liberated silver ions, occurs because their charge facilitates electron displacement.
		Oligodynamic silver has been shown to modulate immune events, such as promoting superoxide release and supporting healthy regulation of toxicants.* Through these supportive mechanisms and others, silver hydrosol represents outstanding immune support.*
		While murine tissue is not identical to human tissue, the test suggests that 1400 cc (47 fluid ounces) ingested at one time by a 154 pound adult is medically harmless.
	www.healingedge.net /store/product28.html (994 words)

	Silver
		The possible health effects of silver are a subject of dispute.
		Silver-ions and silver compounds show a toxic effect on some bacteria, viruses, algae and fungi because of the oligodynamic effect which is typical for heavy metals.
		Copper is active against algae while silver is active against bacteria primarily due to silver's activity in the absorption of oxygen causing bacteria to oxidize on contact.
	www.stellarjewelry.com /silver.htm (1530 words)

	Ostomy Wound Management - Topics in Wound Care
		A bactericidal effect is defined as a three-log reduction in a population over the time of the test.18 A 100-fold or two-log reduction does not meet that criteria and the dressing would at best be considered bacteriostatic based on the data presented.
		The term oligodynamic is defined in the article as, "the high level of antibacterial activity that was generated from relatively small amounts of silver and other heavy metals," and applies to the antimicrobial effects of silver described in the article.
		Parsons et al state emphatically that, "it is the number of silver ions absorbed and not the concentration of silver ions in solution that causes bacterial death." This is an interesting concept in that it calls into question the use of MIC and MBC test methods for evaluating antimicrobial efficacy of silver.
	www.o-wm.com /article/1864 (3606 words)

	Discover How Sovereign Silver™ Promotes Healthier Immunity - BioDiversity \| Articles
		The ability of oligodynamic silver ions to promote the sensing instincts of white blood cells appears closely linked to: (1) the kind of silver used, (2) the amount of silver used, and (3) the specific immune challenge causing irritation and conflict within your body.
		The first known tally relating to oligodynamic silver promoting the Phagocytic Index was compiled in 1919 in a retrospective report that reviewed the past 20 years of experimentation.
		Feng, QL, et al., "A Mechanistic Study of the Antibacterial effect of Silver Ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus," J Biomed Mater Res, March 2000; 52:662.
	www.biodiversityllc.com /articles/sovereignsilver.html (2209 words)

	A Toilet Cleaner for the 21st Century Antibacterial Ceramics AM15
		The oligodynamic effect in layman's terms actually means the antibacterial function that some metal ions have.
		However, even in ancient times, people were aware of the effect from their own experience; water kept its freshness much longer if silverware was immersed in it.
		Silver ion is thought to be the most useful not only because of the excellent antibacterial effect even if added to water in small amounts, but also because it dose not have an adverse effect on the human body.
	www.socnb.com /product/hproduct_e/ad_am_15_e.html (435 words)

	Silver
		This metal is stable in pure air and water, but does tarnish when it is exposed to Ozone, Hydrogen sulfide, or air with Sulfur in it.
		Silver-ions and silver compounds show a toxic effect on some bacteria, viruses, algae and fungi typical for heavy metals like lead or mercury, but without the high toxicity to humans that is normally associated with them.
		One of these is a process generally known for heavy metals called the Oligodynamic effect, which goes a long way explaining the effect on microbial lifeforms but does not explain certain antiviral functions.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/si/Silver.htm (1788 words)

	Antibacterial effects of Silver
		Silver Ions and silver compounds show a toxic effect on some bacteria, viruses, algae and fungi typical for heavy metals like lead or mercury, but without the high toxicity to humans that is normally associated with them.
		Discovered in 1893 by the Swiss KW Nägeli as a toxic effect of metal-ions on living cells, algae, moulds, spores, fungi, virus, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, even in relatively low concentrations.
		This antimicrobial effect is shown by ions of: mercury, silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc, bismuth, gold, aluminum and other metals.
	www.saltlakemetals.com /Silver_Antibacterial.htm (1508 words)

	The Oligodynamic Response of E. coli k12 mutants to zinc supplements.
		Oligodynamic properties are the ability of small amounts of heavy metals to exert a lethal effect on bacteria.
		Bacteria cells die due to the cumulative effects of ions within the cell, even if the concentration of ions in a solution are miniscule.
		The results of this project show that zinc will inhibit the growth of E. coli k12 When the first two plates were taken out of the incubator, there was a clear zone around the zinc discs where no bacteria had grown.
	ojas.ucok.edu /03/paper/coats.htm (1652 words)

	silver cloud colloidal silver and argyria
		Known positive effects of silver in in-vitro (petri-dish) experiments can not be transferred simply to a complex animal or human organism and are not very convincing, apart the external applications in wound care.
		The effect is most pronounced in sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, arms, and dorsum of the hands, but it can also be seen in fingernails (azure lunulae), conjunctival membranes, and oral mucosa.
		The chlorine separating part of Certisil-Combina didn't cause an improvement or acceleration of the destabilizing effect on viruses compared to the pure silver compound, while the hydrogen peroxide part of Sanosil led to a better and continuing inactivating influence on the viruses which were merely reduced in infectivity by 99,9% within one day.
	www.redecke.de /michael/silver.htm (5048 words)

	BelKraft.com
		This self-sterilizing effect is known as the bacteriostatic effect.
		The destruction of viruses, bacteria, moulds, spores and fungi through contact with silver objects is termed the oligodynamic effect.
		Active carbon is used for water treatment due to its adsorbing effect with respect to organic and health endangering chemicals.
	www.belkraft.com /doulton_ceramic.htm (672 words)

	Argentyn 23 - 8 OZ (Silver) at American Lifestyle Products
		Argentyn 23 silver hydrosol is ultra pure silver suspended in ultra pure water, produced using a proprietary electrolysis process yielding over 95% active silver.
		An "oligodynamic effect", from the Greek oligos (few) and dynamis (power), refers to potent and meaningful biological actions that can be exerted by extremely low concentrations of metal ions.
		The particle size of the silver ions is of critical importance.
	www.alp3.com /store/product89.html (913 words)

	Immunogenic Research Foundation, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As early as 1940 Goetz remarked that, “The minimum lethal concentration of oligodynamically active silver definitely depends upon the nature of the substrate in which the test is made as well as upon the nature and concentration of the test microorganisms.” 5
		Effect of certain chelating agents on the antibacterial action of silver nitrate.
		The synergistic effect of EDTA appears to be due to a mechanism other than the removal of lipopolysaccharide from outer membrane, as its effect could be observed in even non-LPS containing gram positive S. aureus cells.
	www.imref.org /news/news_sep.php (2163 words)

	RIWO-SAN - Information Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In recent years research has discovered the negative effects which asbestos and CFC have on our health and the environment.
		Even in small amounts it has toxic effects and many people coming into contact with chlorine become allergic and suffer illness due to prolonged exposure.
		It was a high sensitive to increases in temperature, is sensitive to sunlight and UV-rays and thus not suitable for preventing recontamination of the treated water.The RIWO - SAN technology stabilizes the reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide using a unique silverformulation.
	www.ch-non-food.com /riwosan.htm (943 words)

	Focus Newsletter October 2005 - DIM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A comparison of I3C's enzyme-inducing effects to that of microencapsulated DIM in vivo was accomplished by the NIH Chemoprevention Branch.
		Berger, et al., found oligodynamic Ag+ to be either beneficial or harmless, and of negligible toxicity to mammalian tissues.
		The oligodynamic metal charge effectively yanks electrons away from a molecule, in essence weakening the molecular bond and rendering it susceptible to cleavage.
	www.allergyresearchgroup.com /news/letters/2005oct_dim.htm (9083 words)

	How silvertex® works
		This effect reduces the risk of skin irritations and infections.
		Suspension tests have proved a principal, strong inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria, e.g.
		The oligodynamic effect is the antiseptic behaviour of heavy metals, such as copper, gold, silver, etc., towards certain infectious agents.
	www.fusaro.de /de/dept_2669.html (557 words)

	Office of Technology
		Clinicians at M.D. Anderson developed a silver iontophoretic catheter (SIC) and studied the broad-spectrum activity and durability of this catheter as compared to an anti-infective catheter coated with chlorohexidine gluconate and silver sulfadiazine.
		One, this catheter was shown to be effective against a variety of gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungus that are associated with catheter-related infections.
		Secondly, the use of this catheter was shown to be more efficacious with longer lasting effects (40 days) in vitro, in rabbit models, and in migration experiments than already existing technologies, than the aseptic catheters coated with chlorohexidine gluconate and silver sulfadiazine and the silver impregnated cuff.
	www2.mdanderson.org /app/techcommerc/body.cfm?mdaref=MDA91-031 (693 words)

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