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Topic: Oligohydramnios

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	Medical References: Amniotic Fluid Abnormalities
		Oligohydramnios that occurs in the first half of pregnancy is more likely to have serious consequences than if it occurs in the last trimester.
		Oligohydramnios that develops in the first half of pregnancy also increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and stillbirth.
		A March of Dimes grantee is currently evaluating the safety of a new drug treatment developed for oligohydramnios that aims to increase the levels of amniotic fluid by increasing urination in the baby.
	www.marchofdimes.com /professionals/681_4536.asp (1863 words)

	Low Amniotic Fluid \| Pregnancy Weekly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Oligohydramnios that occurs late in the third trimester may cause the umbilical cord to become compressed during labor and delivery, which cuts off the baby's oxygen supply.
		Oligohydramnios is common in the case of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in which one twin suffers from too little amniotic fluid while the other twin creates too much.
		Oligohydramnios is suspected if an AFI shows a fluid level of less than 5 centimeters (or less than the 5th percentile), the absence of a single fluid pocket 2 to 3 cm in depth, or a fluid volume of less than 500mL at 32 to 36 weeks gestation.
	www.pregnancyweekly.com /pregnancy_health_fitness/low_amniotic_fluid.htm (955 words)

	Therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios during pregnancy (excluding labour) (interventional procedures ...
		Oligohydramnios is a condition in which an abnormally low volume of fluid surrounds an unborn baby in the womb.
		Therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios during pregnancy should only be performed in centres specialising in invasive fetal medicine and in the context of a multidisciplinary team, which may include a consultant in fetal medicine, a neonatologist, and a specialist midwife.
		Severe oligohydramnios in early pregnancy may lead to the underdevelopment of fetal lung tissue (pulmonary hypoplasia) and limb defects and is associated with poor fetal growth.
	www.nice.org.uk /page.aspx?o=ip338consultation (1133 words)

	Polyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios \| Caremark Health Resources
		In general, oligohydramnios that begins near the time of delivery is associated with a better outcome than cases than have an onset earlier in pregnancy.
		If the cause of oligohydramnios is a fetal bladder obstruction, it may be possible to place a small tube in the bladder to shunt the fluid into the amniotic sac.
		A woman who has been diagnosed with polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios needs to be made fully aware of the types of testing available and carefully counseled about the diagnosis and its impact on the chance for a successful pregnancy outcome and a healthy infant.
	healthresources.caremark.com /topic/topic103549235 (1421 words)

	Polyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios \| AHealthyMe.com
		In general, oligohydramnios that begins near the time of delivery is associated with a better outcome than cases than have an onset earlier in pregnancy.
		If the cause of oligohydramnios is a fetal bladder obstruction, it may be possible to place a small tube in the bladder to shunt the fluid into the amniotic sac.
		A woman who has been diagnosed with polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios needs to be made fully aware of the types of testing available and carefully counseled about the diagnosis and its impact on the chance for a successful pregnancy outcome and a healthy infant.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic103549235 (1464 words)

	ABNORMALITIES OF THE AMNIOTIC FLUID VOLUME - DIAGNOSIS OF FETAL ABNORMALITIES - THE 18-23 WEEKS SCAN
		Ultrasonographically, the diagnosis of polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios is made when there is excessive or virtual absence of echo‑free spaces around the fetus.
		Oligohydramnios means reduced amniotic fluid and anhydramnios means absence of amniotic fluid.
		Oligohydramnios in the second trimester is usually the result of preterm premature rupture of the membranes, uteroplacental insufficiency and urinary tract malformations (bilateral renal agenesis, multicystic or polycystic kidneys, or urethral obstruction).
	www.thefetus.net /html/chapter-14/amniotic-fluid/am_fluid_01.html (802 words)

	eMedicine - Polyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios : Article by Roland L Boyd, DO, FAAP, FACOP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Oligohydramnios is also associated with meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, fetal heart conduction abnormalities, poor tolerance of labor, lower Apgar scores, and fetal acidosis.
		In cases of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), the degree of oligohydramnios is often proportional to growth restriction, is frequently reflective of the extent of placental dysfunction, and it is associated with a corresponding increase in the PMR.
		Oligohydramnios is sonographically defined as an AFI less than 7 cm or the absence of a fluid pocket 2-3 cm in depth.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1854.htm (3176 words)

	Oligohydramnios: I have too little amniotic fluid!
		Oligohydramnios, or low amounts of amniotic fluid, is defined in terms of "pockets." If it is between two and five, this is considered low.
		Oligohydramnios has also been associated with intra-uterine growth restriction and may be the first sign on ultrasound before the baby's growth problems can be detected.
		Her oligohydramnios may have no negative significance at all, but it is good that your provider is taking steps to monitor her and the baby.
	parenting.ivillage.com /pregnancy/pcomplications/0,,midwife_3png,00.html?par=msn\|diet\|pp\|hyper&iv_cobrandRef=msndiet (476 words)

	Amniotic Fluid Levels
		Oligohydramnios that occurs in the first half of pregnancy is more likely to have serious consequences then if it occurs in the last trimester.
		In labor, women with oligohydramnios are more likely to need a cesarean section because it is easier for the umbilical cord to become compressed during contractions.
		The causes of oligohydramnios are not completely understood and most of the time, the reason for the oligohydramnios cannot be found.
	www.damery.net /afv.htm (1577 words)

	Complications: Oligohydramnios: Too Little Amniotic Fluid
		The most important known cause of oligohydramnios early in pregnancy is birth defects in the baby (often involving the kidneys or other parts of the urinary tract) and ruptured membranes.
		In the first half of pregnancy, too little amniotic fluid is associated with birth defects of the lungs and limbs and increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and stillbirth.
		If you are diagnosed with oligohydramnios, it is important that you continue to eat well, drink lots of fluids (water is best), rest more, avoid smoking and report any signs of preterm labor to your health care provider right away.
	www.marchofdimes.com /pnhec/188_1033.asp (710 words)

	Final Diagnosis -- Case 110
		Often there is a family history of a previous prematurely born sibling with oligohydramnios that become apparent after the twentieth week (7).
		The prenatal diagnosis of RTD by ultrasonography should be suspected in cases of late onset oligohydramnios associated with a renal sonogram that shows kidneys of normal position and size without hydronephrosis or macroscopic cysts, but with indistinct corticomedullary junction (24).
		In conclusion we feel the this case is an example of RTD with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance with associated lesions suggestive of a chronic reduction in utero placental perfusion.
	path.upmc.edu /cases/case110/dx.html (1137 words)

	Potter's Syndrome FAQ's
		Oligohydramnios and anhydramnios can also be due to the result of leakage of amniotic fluid from rupturing of the amniotic membranes.
		Oligohydramnios occurs if the volume of amniotic fluid is less than normal for the corresponding period of gestation.
		The resulting oligohydramnios is the cause of the physical deformities observed in PS.
	www.potterssyndrome.org /pottersfaqs.html (2547 words)

	Potter syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Specifically, Potter Syndrome is a term used to describe the typical physical appearances of a fetus or neonate due to a dramatically decreased amniotic fluid volume oligohydramnios, or absent amniotic fluid anhydramnios, secondary to renal diseases such as bilateral renal agenesis (BRA).
		The term Potter Syndrome is most frequently associated with the condition of oligohydramnios sequence regardless of the root cause of the absence or reduced volume of amniotic fluid.
		Oligohydramnios occurs if the volume of amniotic fluid is less than normal for the corresponding period of gestation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Potter_syndrome (2526 words)

	Potter's Syndrome Links
		This absence of kidneys causes a deficiency of amniotic fluid (Oligohydramnios) in a pregnant woman.
		regardless of the cause, the secondary effects of oligohydramnios are the same and would appear to be the result of compression of the fetus.
		When the oligohydramnios is secondary to agenesis or dysgenesis of both kidneys or agensis of one kidney and dysgenesis of the other, renal ultrasonagraphic evaluation of both parents and siblings of affected infants should be performed, since 9 percent of first degree relatives had asymptomatic renal malformations in a study by Roodhooft et al.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Meadows/5586/syndrome.htm (430 words)

	Doppler studies in maternal autoimmune disease
		The risk of perinatal death is mainly in the small, postmature, growth-restricted fetus, and the main aim of antenatal monitoring is to identify the onset of uteroplacental insufficiency and the development of fetal hypoxia.
		It was concluded that, in post-term pregnancies, oligohydramnios is not associated with a major redistribution in the fetal circulation.
		In post-term pregnancies with oligohydramnios, impedance to flow in the fetal renal arteries may be increased.
	www.thefetus.net /html/doppler/capitulos-html/chapter_10.htm (2410 words)

	Online CME Course - Oligohydramnios: Sonographic Assessment and Clinical Implications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Oligohydramnios was defined as the absence of a single pocket of amniotic fluid with a depth
		Oligohydramnios is an acknowledged complication of first trimester chorionic villus sampling and second trimester genetic amniocentesis.
		Patients with second trimester oligohydramnios have a higher prevalence of congenital anomalies (50.7% vs. 22.1%) and a lower survival rate (10.2% vs. 85.3%) than those women with oligohydramnios in the third trimester (Shipp, 1996).
	www.gehealthcare.com /twzh/rad/us/education/msucmeoh.html (1973 words)

	Isolated oligohydramnios at term: is induction indicated? Journal of Family Practice - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Oligohydramnios occurs in about 1% to 5% of pregnancies at term.
		True oligohydramnios can be difficult to confirm due to the questionable accuracy of amniotic fluid measurement by ultrasound.
		A study of 144 third trimester patients using the dye-dilution technique found that, to achieve 95% confidence for ruling out oligohydramnios, a cutoff AFI of 30 cm would need to be used, a value consistent with polyhydramnios.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_1_54/ai_n8704997 (831 words)

	Low amniotic fluid levels : Oligohydramnios : American Pregnancy Association
		Oligohydramnios is the condition of having too little amniotic fluid.
		The risks associated with oligohydramnios often depend on the gestation of the pregnancy.
		The condition of oligohydramnios is reported to often return within one week of this procedure, but it can aid in helping doctors visualize fetal anatomy and make a diagnosis.
	www.americanpregnancy.org /pregnancycomplications/lowamnioticfluidoligohydramnios.htm (845 words)

	The Journal of Family Practice
		Isolated term oligohydramnios, as defined by an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of less than 5 cm, has not been shown to be associated with poor maternal or fetal outcomes.
		Chronic oligohydramnios arises from prerenal, renal, and postrenal causes.
		In a case-control study by Conway, 183 low-risk, term parturients with oligohydramnios were matched to 183 women of similar gestational age and parity who presented in spontaneous labor.
	www.jfponline.com /Pages.asp?AID=1847 (2925 words)

	Pre- and Postnatal Lung Development, Maturation, and Plasticity: Effects of oligohydramnios on lung growth and ...
		Oligohydramnios, a deficiency of amniotic fluid, when prolonged, results in pulmonary hypoplasia in human fetuses (19, 39).
		Oligohydramnios significantly retarded growth of the fetal lungs and of the fetal body (Table 1).
		Premature rupture of the membranes, oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/3/L431 (6028 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Problems with Amniotic Fluid
		Depending on when the woman is diagnosed with oligohydramnios, there are different complications to look for, although the majority of women diagnosed will not have problems.
		Meconium, if passed cannot be diluted in cases of true oligohydramnios, however, one study found that there were fewer incidences of meconium staining when low amniotic fluid volumes were reported.
		Diabetes is commonly thought of as a reason for oligohydramnios, it does not have to cause a problem with the pregnancy with proper treatment.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/complications/amnion.html (592 words)

	High-Risk Pregnancy - Amniotic Fluid Problems / Hydramnios /Oligohydramnios
		Oligohydramnios is a condition in which there is too little amniotic fluid around the fetus.
		Oligohydramnios may be a complication at delivery, increasing the risk for compression of the umbilical cord and aspiration of thick meconium (baby's first bowel movement).
		Doppler flow studies (a type of ultrasound used to measure blood flow) may be used to check the arteries in the kidneys.
	www.musckids.com /health_library/hrpregnant/amniofp.htm (807 words)

	Oligohydramnios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Scans of the renal fossae (arrows) fail to demonstrate the kidneys and bladder.
		Profound oligohydramnios may result from fetal urinary tract anomalies that include bilateral renal agenesis, posterior urethral valves, and bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys.
		Bilateral renal agenesis is a result of absence or failure of development of the ureteric bud and occurs in approximately 1 in 4,000 births.
	brighamrad.harvard.edu /Cases/bwh/hcache/31/full.html (265 words)

	eMedicine - Oligohydramnios : Article by Jason K Baxter, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Subjective oligohydramnios criteria have included the following: the absence of fluid pockets throughout the uterine cavity, crowding of the fetal limbs, the absence of pockets surrounding the fetal legs, and overlapping of the fetal ribs (in severe cases).
		The earlier in pregnancy that oligohydramnios occurs, the poorer the prognosis.
		Oligohydramnios is a frequent finding in pregnancies involving IUGR and is most likely secondary to decreased fetal blood volume, renal blood flow, and subsequently, fetal urine output.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic898.htm (2725 words)

	The association between oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth retardation -- Lin et al. 76 (6): 1100 -- Obstetrics & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The incidence of oligohydramnios was strikingly different among the three groups: 29% for the IUGR group, 9% for the non-IUGR group, and 0.6% for the controls (P less than.001).
		When the criteria of abdominal circumference below the tenth percentile and presence of oligohydramnios were used together, the positive predictive value doubled (from 38.1 to 66.7%; P less than.01).
		We conclude that in fetal growth retardation, the occurrence of oligohydramnios during the third trimester of pregnancy is not associated with worse fetal outcome.
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/76/6/1100 (263 words)

	Health Concern During Pregnancy
		Hydramnios (too much amniotic fluid) poses a greater threat to the mother, whereas Oligohydramnios (too little of amniotic fluid) poses greater danger to the life of the fetus that she is carrying.
		The condition is often the result of a tear or rupture in the amniotic membrane, causing it to leak amniotic fluid and thus lower the level of fluid still surrounding the baby It occurs in about 4 percent of all pregnancies.
		Doppler flow studies may be used to check the arteries in the kidneys.
	www.womenfitness.net /hr_oligohydramnios.htm (749 words)

	Maternal hydration for increasing amniotic fluid volume in oligohydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volume
		Oligohydramnios (reduced amniotic fluid) may be responsible for malpresentation problems, umbilical cord compression, concentration of meconium in the liquor, and difficult or failed external cephalic version.
		Maternal hydration in women with and without oligohydramnios was associated with an increase in amniotic volume (weighted mean difference for women with oligohydramnios 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 2.60; and weighted mean difference for women with normal amniotic fluid volume 4.5, 95% confidence interval 2.92 to 6.08).
		Simple maternal hydration appears to increase amniotic fluid volume and may be beneficial in the management of oligohydramnios and prevention of oligohydramnios during labour or prior to external cephalic version.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab000134.html (504 words)

	Potter syndrome
		Potter syndrome and Potter phenotype is a complex of findings associated with renal failure that develops before an infant is born, and with a lack of amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios).
		Potter phenotype describes a typical appearance that, in the newborn, is determined by the absence of amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios).
		In Potter syndrome the primary defect is renal failure that occurs before the baby is born, either from failure of the kidneys to develop (bilateral renal agenesis) or from other diseases of the kidney which cause them to fail.
	www.umc-cares.org /health_info/adam/articles/001268.asp (323 words)

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