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	Oliver Selfridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oliver Selfridge, grandson of the founder of Selfridges department stores, has been called the "Father of Machine Perception." He wrote important early papers on neural networks and pattern recognition and machine learning, and his "Pandemonium" paper (1959) is generally recognized as a classic in artificial intelligence.
		Selfridge was born in England, educated at Malvern College, and a student of Norbert Wiener's at MIT, where he received his PhD.
		Selfridge spent his career at Lincoln Laboratory, MIT (where he was Associate Director of Project MAC), BBN, and GTE Laboratories where he became Chief Scientist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oliver_Selfridge (264 words)

	The Mariners' Museum - Monitor: History and Legacy
		Thomas Selfridge was born on February 6, 1836, in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the son of Captain Thomas O. Selfridge, Sr., a distinguished naval officer.
		At the beginning of the Civil War, Selfridge was stationed on the Cumberland, and participated in the battle against the Virginia on March 8, 1862.
		Selfridge was given command of the Monitor by Secretary of the Navy Welles, relieving Lieutenant Greene on March 10, 1862.
	www.mariner.org /monitor/07_life/bio_monitor_3.html (211 words)

	1997 New Paradigms for Using Computers: Oliver Selfridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Considering the user hostile computing environment of the 40s it is amazing that any of our ideas of what artificial intelligence could do are still interesting...
		Oliver Selfridge came to MIT from England at the age of 14 to study with the greats.
		Oliver has spent his career creating projects at Lincoln Laboratories, Bolt Beranek and Newman, and GTE laboratories, research laboratories and has been a lecturer at several universities.
	www.almaden.ibm.com /almaden/npuc97/1997/selfridge.htm (276 words)

	MediaMente: Oliver Selfridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Selfridge left England when he was 14 years old to study in the USA with the mathematician Norbert Wiener, the "father of cybernetics".
		In the 1940s Selfridge, Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts contributed to establishing the theoretical bases of neural networks.
		Then, with Marvin Minsky, he began the first research into Artificial Intelligence, a challenge which he is still engaged in at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston, where for many years he has been the Director of the Artificial Intelligence Lab.
	www.mediamente.rai.it /mmold/english/bibliote/biografi/s/selfridg.htm (93 words)

	Demon - Computing Reference - eLook.org
		The solution to this apparent thermodynamic paradox is that the demons would require an external supply of energy to do their work and it is only in the absence of such a supply that heat must necessarily flow from hot to cold.
		Walt Bunch believes the term comes from the demons in Oliver Selfridge's paper "Pandemonium", MIT 1958, which was named after the capital of Hell in Milton's "Paradise Lost".
		Selfridge likened neural cells firing in response to input patterns to the chaos of millions of demons shrieking in Pandemonium.
	www.elook.org /computing/demon.htm (311 words)

	Oliver Boston Selfridge Bio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Oliver Boston Selfridge, manager of the Times-Democrat, was born in
		Millersburg, Holmes County, Ohio, and is the second son of O. and E. Selfridge.
		Selfridge was married to Anna E. Brice, the eldest sister of the
	www.rootsweb.com /~ohallen/selfrid.htm (326 words)

	Thomas Oliver Selfridge
		He was president of the examining board in 1869-'70, lighthouse inspector at Boston, and also member of the examining board in 1870-'1, since which time he has been on waiting orders, and is now the senior officer of the navy on the retired list.
		He was promoted to rear-admiral, 25 July, 1866.--His son, Thomas Oliver, naval officer, born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, 6 February, 1837, was graduated at the United States naval academy at the head of his class in 1854.
		He had charge of a siege-battery in the capture of Vicksburg, and the steamers "Conestoga" and "Manitou." He commanded the iron-clad Osage,, in the Red river expedition, during which he inflicted a loss of 400 killed and wounded on the Confederates at Blair's plantation.
	www.famousamericans.net /thomasoliverselfridge (780 words)

	Past Ed Focus
		The other group believed that the complexity of the human learning process to be so great that building instructional systems should be given up in favor of building computational environments which encourage learning by discovery.
		This group's perspective is expressed by Oliver Selfridge in a dialogue with Robert Lawler, entitled "Research for Education", where he observes, "we have difficulties because we want to simplify purposes and make them into simple rules about satisficing things" (Lawler & Selfridge, 1991, p.
		Selfridge does not take the position that the processes for producing effective instruction are clear cut, but instead makes a convincing argument that the issues involved are a great deal more complex than they are generally treated.
	world.std.com /~MEHopper/R/Hopper_93/Hopper_93-1322.htm (1293 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Minsky then went to work for Oliver Selfridge and Group 34 at Lincoln Labs on a number of OR-related projects, one of which involved building a machine for the Air Force to read Morse code.
		While Simon sometimes dates his conversion experience to his encounter with the SRL in 1952, Newell himself tends to locate it somewhat later, in 1954. Oliver Selfridge came to RAND in November to give a talk on pattern recognition system that he was developing with Gerald Dineen on the Whirlwind computer at MIT.
		Selfridge had developed a mechanism that was so much richer than other mechanisms..
	www-personal.umich.edu /~twod/lsacell/xray/alas/itd/lsacell/itd/technology/ai_p_mirowski_sts_nov02.doc (15532 words)

	Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Practicality of a Ship-Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		OLIVER Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Practicality of a Ship-Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by way of the Isthmus of Darien
		Selfridge was a civil war hero who survived an attack from the Confederate ironclad Virginia.
		The plates are notable, mainly being from photographs into lithographs, are of scenery, the survey party, Indian villages, laying telegraph line, native hut, vegetation.
	antiqbook.com /boox/horizn/N5344.shtml (206 words)

	A Companion to Cognitive Science - Ch. 1 & 2
		A significant contribution to the field came from Oliver Selfridge who was doing experiments using computers to simulate a neural net model for pattern recognition.
		Selfridge's work led Allen Newell (another AI researcher) to the notion of complex processes being achieved through several simpler sub processes interacting.
		Interestingly, at this time the field became subdivided with several researchers convinced that AI would be revealing about human cognition and others holding that AI would not make significant contributions in that area.
	www.msu.edu /~schopie1/cep909/bechlersumw2.html (926 words)

	Selfridge Family Genealogy Forum (25 Latest Messages)
		Selfridge; Ireland - Phila., Pa. - Lori Clark 8/21/05
		Re: Selfridge, William Mid 1700's to 1850's PA and MASS - Gloria Butler Davis 6/02/05
		Selfridge that married a Snowball - Sandy 9/03/04
	genforum.genealogy.com /cgi-bin/latest.cgi?selfridge (193 words)

	Sample Chapter -- Psychologists Defying the Crowd (431681A) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A friend introduced me to Oliver Selfridge, who was working on various computer and "artificial intelligence" projects at the M.I.T. Lincoln Lab just down the road.
		We hit it off, and Oliver suggested that I become a regular weekly consultant at the lab to continue our discussions.
		Selfridge was working on pattern recognition, and his ideas about feature detection and parallel processing seemed just as applicable to humans as to computers.
	www.apa.org /books/431681As.html (5408 words)

	'Selfridge' related links at LinkHighWay.com
		John Selfridge is an associate professor in the department of architecture at KSU"s College of Architecture, Planning, and Design.
		Selfridge, Harry Gordon (1864—1947), British businessman, born in Ripon, Wis.; entered employ of Field, Leiter and Co., 1879, rising to become a partner in
		Thomas E. Selfridge was born in San Francisco on February 2, 1882.
	linkhighway.com /?q=selfridge (848 words)

	Oliver Pelton ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Oliver Hall, Duddon Sands, 19th - 20th century
		Oliver Hall, Estuary near Harlech, 19th - 20th century
		Warren"s Portraits, Boston, Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894), 1881
	wwar.com /masters/p/pelton-oliver.html (292 words)

	Alex Halavais » Where is my OLIVER?
		The acronym OLIVER honors Oliver Selfridge, originator of the concept.
		At your command, your OLIVER will take notes (or refrain from taking notes) on what you do, what you read, what you buy and where you buy it.It will know who your friends are, your mere acquaintances.
		Some parts of your OLIVER program will be common with parts of other people’s OLIVERS; other parts will be custom-made for you, or by you, or will have developed idiosyncrasies through “learning” based on its experience in your service.
	alex.halavais.net /news/index.php?p=893 (404 words)

	Oliver Artworks and Fine Art at arthistorynet.com
		Edmund Evans, The Poems of Oliver Goldsmith (London and New York: George Routledge, 1877), 1877
		Gilbert Stuart, American, 1755-1828 Thomas Oliver Selfridge II about 1826 Oil on panel 69.85 x
		Oliver Beener and Group 1960/printed 1982 Roy DeCarava gelatin silver print on paper sheet: 10
	www.absolutearts.com /masters/o/oliver-works.html (1606 words)

	Selfridge Family Genealogy Forum
		Selfridge, William Mid 1700's to 1850's PA and MASS - Ruth Bartlett 4/27/98
		Re: Selfridge, William Mid 1700's to 1850's PA and MASS - Shirley A. Selfridge 10/16/00
		Re: Selfridge, William Mid 1700's to 1850's PA and MASS - Rebecca Selfridge 7/02/98
	www.genforum.genealogy.com /selfridge (1676 words)

	Strange brains
		A good example is the Pandemonium model of Oliver Selfridge (Selfridge, 1959).
		Between these specialized demons in Selfridge's model and the actually existing feature detector cells in the visual cortex exists an astonishing similarity.
		And indeed it was the model of Selfridge and the its assumptions over perception processes, which suggested for the first time that such feature detectors could exist in humans.
	www.ruebenstrunk.de /emeocomp/3e.HTM (1785 words)

	Pandemonium [Tesugen]
		This gave birth to a new paradigm for pattern recognition which Selfridge dubbed “Pandemonium” (Greek for “all the demons”), where the task is split between a number of demons voting (or “shrieking” in his metaphor) to higher levels of demons, with a super-demon collecting the votes.
		The system Selfridge described – with its bottom-up learning, and its evaluating feedback loops – belongs in the history books as the first practical description of an emergent software program.
		XP argues that for emergent design to work, you need to keep the code as simple as possible – no unnecessary complexity – and to refactor as you learn.
	tesugen.com /archives/02/09/pandemonium (641 words)

	[aosd-discuss] Search on the origin of aspect-oriented programing
		The PhD thesis was supervised by Marvin Minsky, but additionally Warren Teitelman mentions Oliver Selfridge as a strong influence in his acknowledgements.
		The main motivations, as far as I understand them, were a) to move from a runtime-based approach, which is natural for metaobject protocols, towards a compile-time based approach and b) to make some of the benefits of being able to manipulate the meta-level available to purely base-level code.
		Pascal [1] Cristina Videira Lopes, "AOP: A Historical Perspective", http://www.isr.uci.edu/tech_reports/UCI-ISR-02-5.pdf [2] Oliver G. Selfridge, Pandemonium, "Mechanization of Though Processes: Proceedings of a Symposium held at the National Physics Laboratory on 24-27 Nov. 1958, volum I.", (NPL Symposium no. 10, HMSO, 1959).
	aosd.net /pipermail/discuss_aosd.net/2005-February/001346.html (842 words)

	DBLP: Oliver G. Selfridge
		Oliver G. Selfridge: Atoms of Learning II: Adaptive Strategies A Study of Two-Person Zero-Sum Competition.
		Oliver G. Selfridge, Richard S. Sutton, Andrew G. Barto: Training and Tracking in Robotics.
		Pamela McCorduck, Marvin Minsky, Oliver G. Selfridge, Herbert A. Simon: History of Artificial Intelligence.
	www.vldb.org /dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Selfridge:Oliver_G=.html (88 words)

	DBLP: Peter G. Selfridge
		Peter G. Selfridge, Divesh Srivastava: A Visual Language for Interactive Data Exploration and Analysis.
		Kostas Kontogiannis, Peter G. Selfridge: Workshop Report: The Two-Day Workshop on Research Issues in the Intersection between Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (Held in conjunction with ICSE-16).
		Peter G. Selfridge, Richard C. Waters, Elliot J. Chikofsky: Challenges for the Field of Reverse Engineering.
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Selfridge:Peter_G=.html (315 words)

	Unintended Consequences: Reading: Johnson, "Emergence"
		Weaver's work influenced Jane Jacobs in her writing of "The Death and Life of the Great American Cities," (1992) Johnson quotes Jacobs' observation that cities have "innate abilities for understanding, communicating, contriving and inventing what is required to combat their difficulties."
		For another example, he points to the work of Oliver Selfridge at M.I.T., (one of the founders of Artificial Intelligence studies and author of the classic 1958 paper "Pandemonium") who developed a model to teach a computer to learn pattern recognition, relying on a distributed, bottom-up intelligence.
		Through a scheme Selfridge described as natural selection, "right" guessing demons were reinforced and "wrong" guessing demons disregarded.
	www.dougsimpson.com /blog/archives/000233.html (1687 words)

	Selfridge Thistle - Comparison of hotel rates in London Stansted (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Selfridge Thistle - Comparison of hotel rates in London Stansted
		We do not sell rooms in Selfridge Thistle ourselves as all bookings are made by clicking through to the hotel site where the price was obtained.
		On request bookings may take up to 48 hours to confirm.
	stanstedairport.hotels-comparison.co.uk /stanh-review-selfridge_thistle.php (347 words)

	Ben Gold Oral History Transcript
		It was called pattern recognition, and was one of the first groups in artificial intelligence.
		The group leader was a fellow named Oliver Selfridge He changed the subject matter of the group drastically, and that's why I worked on this Morse Translator, which was a form of pattern recognition.
		One of the notions that Oliver Selfridge advanced he called Pandemonium.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/history_center/sloan/ASSR_Oral_Histories/bgold_transcript.html (7542 words)

	Had we but world enough and time ... Oliver G. Selfridge The Media Lab., MIT (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Oliver G. Selfridge The Media Lab., MIT (ResearchIndex)
		May The World Had we but world enough and time Oliver G. Selfridge The Media Lab., MIT May...
		Oliver G. Selfridge The Media Lab., MIT", url = "citeseer.csail.mit.edu/516387.html" }
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /516387.html (242 words)

	Selfridge Family Genealogy Forum
		Re: 1st Lieutenant Thomas E. Selfridge, USA, aviator - Dr.
		Re: 'TUBBY' SELFRIDGE HOUTZDALE, PA. - Helen Tubby 12/29/00
		Robert or Susannah Selfridge - 1700's - Judith Campbell 10/10/98
	genforum.genealogy.com /selfridge (1676 words)

	Pandemonium
		It is important, in order to understand how the mind/brain works, to keep this in mind.
		One of the most memorable ways of doing this goes back to the early work on artificial intelligence, specifically that of Oliver Selfridge (1959.
		Selfridge envisioned the mind as a collection of tiny demons, each of whom responds to a name -- or something close to it -- being called out by other demons.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/pandemonium.html (748 words)

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